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Unstructured adaptive remeshing finite element method for dusty shock flow (1994)

Sivier, S. ; Loth, E. ; Baum, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Shock waves 4 (1994), S. 15-23

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ISSN: 1432-2153

Keywords: Adaptive unstructured grid ; Dust ; Finite element ; Particles

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract The passage of planar shocks in a dusty gas was investigated to note effects due to particle loading and initial shock Mach number. Two-phase flow equations have been added to a conservative, monotonic flow solver to allow study of compressible particle and droplet flows, which are of importance for shock propagation in two-phase flows and spray propulsion systems. The formulation developed herein employed a conservative Eulerian treatment for the gas and particle phases. The computations were performed using the finite element method-flux corrected transport (FEM-FCT) scheme, which has shown excellent predictive capability of various compressible flows which include both strong and weak shocks. The flux limiting technique was modified to provide monotonic particle velocity fields to increase the scheme's computational stability. Adaptive unstructured methodology based on adapting to high gradients of both the fluid and particle densities was used in conjunction with the conservative shock-capturing scheme to adequately resolve strong flowfield gradients. The shock attenuation of this scheme was then compared with previous experimental and numerical results and was found to yield robust predictions. Various interphase coupling terms were also considered to note their effect on the shock attenuation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414628

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A system for simultaneous exposure of small animals to 50-Hz electric and magnetic fields (1991)

Baum, J. W. ; Kuehner, A. V. ; Benz, R. D. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 85-99

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ISSN: 0197-8462

Keywords: 60-Hz electric magnetic ; exposure apparatus ; rodents ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Physics

Notes: Equipment designed for simultaneous exposure of rodents to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields is described. Three identical systems were constructed, each capable of continuous exposure of 256 rats or 640 mice to a nominal electric field at 〈50 kV/m, and to horizontal and vertical magnetic fields at 〈 1 mT. Design features, construction details, and results of various tests of the systems are described. Tests were made: of phase relations between electric and magnetic fields; of uniformity of electric and magnetic fields; of changes across time in electric-field intensity as a result of animals' soiling of cages and various washing routines; of resistance of bedding material during humid and dry conditions; and of acoustic noise due to background, to field-generation equipment, and to air conditioning equipment. The results demonstrated that fields were effectively generated but that significant and troublesome changes in electric-field intensity occurred because of cage-soiling. However, when cages were frequently cleaned, field intensities were consistent from one exposure to another.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.