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Vorticity produced by shock wave diffraction (1992)

Sivier, S. ; Loth, E. ; Baum, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Shock waves 2 (1992), S. 31-41

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ISSN: 1432-2153

Keywords: Vorticity ; Shock diffraction ; CFD

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics , Technology

Notes: Abstract Numerical simulations with a monotonicity preserving flow solver have been performed to study shock diffraction phenomena and shock wave generated vorticity. The computations were performed using the conservative Finite Element Method-Flux Corrected Transport (FEM-FCT) scheme, which has been shown to have an excellent predictive capability for various compressible flows with both strong and weak shocks. An adaptive unstructured methodology based on adapting to high density and entropy gradients was used in conjunction with a conservative shock-capturing scheme to adequately resolve strong and weak flowfield gradients. The chief interest was the formation of vorticity arising from shock wave propagation over a sharp corner and the high accuracy and resolution of the interacting compressible wave features. Numerical simulations were compared with previous experimental results and exhibited remarkably good agreement in terms of compressible wave propagation, as well as vorticity development and transport. The computations also allowed insight into the fundamental fluid dynamics, specifically shock diffraction, vortex convection and shock-vortex interactions.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01414419

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A system for simultaneous exposure of small animals to 50-Hz electric and magnetic fields (1991)

Baum, J. W. ; Kuehner, A. V. ; Benz, R. D. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 85-99

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ISSN: 0197-8462

Keywords: 60-Hz electric magnetic ; exposure apparatus ; rodents ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Physics

Notes: Equipment designed for simultaneous exposure of rodents to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields is described. Three identical systems were constructed, each capable of continuous exposure of 256 rats or 640 mice to a nominal electric field at 〈50 kV/m, and to horizontal and vertical magnetic fields at 〈 1 mT. Design features, construction details, and results of various tests of the systems are described. Tests were made: of phase relations between electric and magnetic fields; of uniformity of electric and magnetic fields; of changes across time in electric-field intensity as a result of animals' soiling of cages and various washing routines; of resistance of bedding material during humid and dry conditions; and of acoustic noise due to background, to field-generation equipment, and to air conditioning equipment. The results demonstrated that fields were effectively generated but that significant and troublesome changes in electric-field intensity occurred because of cage-soiling. However, when cages were frequently cleaned, field intensities were consistent from one exposure to another.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.