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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 47 (1998), S. S70 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Atemkalk ; Compound A ; Low Flow-Anästhesie ; Minimal Flow-Anästhesie ; Sevofluran ; Key words Compound A ; Low flow anaesthesia ; Minimal flow anaesthesia ; Sevoflurane ; Soda lime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Due to its low solubility and the high maximum concentration delivered by the vaporizer sevoflurane is especially suitable for the performance of low flow anaesthetic techniques. High flow phases for wash-in or wash-out of anaesthetic gases can be kept short, the difference between the volatile’s concentration in the fresh gas and within the breathing system is comparatively small, and the time constants are short even during low flow anaesthesia. The monitoring, required to sufficiently ensure the safety of the patients, corresponds to the current obliging technical safety standards. As compound A may accumulate in the breathing system, sevoflurane should not be administered with fresh gas flows lower than 1.0 l/min, until the scientific discussion on nephrotoxicity of this substance in humans is solved. Low flow anaesthesia guarantees a sufficient and continuous wash-out of trace gases. Thoroughly the use of sevoflurane with dry soda lime must be avoided, as this volatile in an extreme exothermic reaction is absorbed nearly totally and degraded to a considerable degree by dry carbon dioxide absorbent. The gaseous degradation products are pungent and possibly may be harmful to the patients. Only by low flow anaesthesia the use of sevoflurane will gain an economically and ecologically acceptable range of efficiency.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wegen seiner geringen Löslichkeit und der hohen Maximalkonzentration des substanzspezifischen Verdampfers ist Sevofluran für die Durchführung von Niedrigflußnarkosen besonders geeignet. Ein- und Auswaschphasen können kurz gehalten werden, die Differenz zwischen Frischgas- und der Narkosemittelkonzentration im Atemsystem ist vergleichsweise gering und auch bei niedrigem Frischgasfluß sind die Zeitkonstanten vergleichsweise kurz. Mit einem standardisierten Dosierkonzept lassen sich reproduzierbare Sevoflurankonzentrationen im Narkosesystem etablieren. Das Monitoring, das zur Gewährleistung der Patientensicherheit zu fordern ist, gehört zum heute allgemein geforderten sicherheitstechnischen Standard. Wegen der Möglichkeit der Akkumulation von Compound A sollte – bis die wissenschaftliche Diskussion um eine mögliche Nephrotoxizität dieser Substanz beim Menschen abgeschlossen ist – der Frischgasflow zumindest 1 l/min betragen. Mit der Low Flow-Anästhesie wird ein kontinuierliches Auswaschen von Fremdgasen aus dem Narkosesystem gewährleistet. Streng muß bei der Anwendung von Sevofluran darauf geachtet werden, daß der Atemkalk nicht ausgetrocknet ist. An trockenem Atemkalk wird Sevofluran in einer stark exothermen Reaktion fast vollständig absorbiert und in nennenswerter Menge chemisch abgebaut, wobei die flüchtigen Abbauprodukte die Atemwege reizen und evtl. toxisch sind. Nur mit der Low Flow-Anästhesie erreicht die Anwendung von Sevofluran eine wirtschaftlich und ökologisch vertretbare Effektivität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 12 (1991), S. 85-99 
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: 60-Hz electric magnetic ; exposure apparatus ; rodents ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Equipment designed for simultaneous exposure of rodents to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields is described. Three identical systems were constructed, each capable of continuous exposure of 256 rats or 640 mice to a nominal electric field at 〈50 kV/m, and to horizontal and vertical magnetic fields at 〈 1 mT. Design features, construction details, and results of various tests of the systems are described. Tests were made: of phase relations between electric and magnetic fields; of uniformity of electric and magnetic fields; of changes across time in electric-field intensity as a result of animals' soiling of cages and various washing routines; of resistance of bedding material during humid and dry conditions; and of acoustic noise due to background, to field-generation equipment, and to air conditioning equipment. The results demonstrated that fields were effectively generated but that significant and troublesome changes in electric-field intensity occurred because of cage-soiling. However, when cages were frequently cleaned, field intensities were consistent from one exposure to another.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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