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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.30 ; 68.55 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Macroscopic defects of the GaAs surface grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated by using a micro-probing method of Raman spectroscopy. Especially, the oval defects, the most common macroscopic defects in MBE GaAs, were focused in this study. In Raman spectroscopy for the oval defect on the (100)GaAs surface, TO phonon mode of the 269 cm−1 peak was observed. This indicates that the oval defects can include the (111) growth direction or the amorphized surface. The TO/LO intensity ratios for the defects are in the range from 0.3 to 1.0. In the sample grown under the condition that the substrate temperature is 580° C with the As/Ga ratio of 20, the density of the oval defects is about 200 cm−2 at a growth thickness of 5 μm. With increasing thickness of the epilayer, the density and the size of the α-tye oval defect increased, while the TO/LO ratio decreased. From the spatial measurement by Raman spectroscopy for the α-type oval defect, it is supposed that the α-type oval defect remains in a rather good crystalline state and its orientation along the (100) growth direction is much closer to the (111) direction, but the growth direction of the defect might tend toward the (100) direction with a thicker layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 258-264 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Amylolytic fungi ; co-culture ; protein enrichment ; solid-state cultivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The degree of protein enrichment of sweet potato residue by different amylolytic moulds in solid-state cultivation was much greater than that obtained using amylolytic yeasts. The optimum initial moisture content for protein enrichment was about 65% (w/w). Adding nitrogen sources to the culture twice (at the start of the incubation and after 24 h) considerably improved the final protein content. A co-culture of amylolytic mycelial fungi yielded a product with 32% (w/w) crude protein after 4 days' incubation at 30°C. In a column reactor, the highest temperatures reached were 42°C and 40°C and the minimum O2 concentrations were 1.5% and 2.5% of full saturation in the central and bottom layers, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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