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  • Organic Chemistry  (2)
  • 68.55  (1)
  • Biogenic emission inventory  (1)
  • Chest pain  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herzerkrankung ; Thoraxschmerz ; Psychosomatische Störung ; Key words Heart disease ; Chest pain ; Psychosomatic disorder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Aims: Chest pain in children is often suspected to originate from cardiac disease. Aim of this study was to characterise the symptomatology of supposed cardiac chest pain in children and to investigate whether cardiac disease indeed underlies the pain or not. Furthermore, indications for a psychosomatic origin of the pain were searched for. Methods: The study involved 456 children referred to a pediatric cardiology outpatient department for chest pain. The patients were evaluated by ECG and echocardiogram. In selected cases, a chest radiograph, exercise ECG, or a 24-hour ECG monitoring was performed. A subgroup of 52 children and parents was interviewed on the basis of a questionnaire to evaluate the symptomatology of the pain, the family history, and psychosocial factors. Results: 15% of the children had diverse structural anomalies or arrhythmias usually of a low grade. The frequency of these findings did not differ from that of a control group without chest pain. Independent of the presence of these findings cardiac function was normal during exercise. The characteristic symptomatology (short, sharp, no radiation) did not correspond to that of ischemic heart disease, and was largely identical in children with and without cardiac findings. Factors typical of psychosomatic disorders were observed: a positive family history of „functional cardiac complaints” and other psychosomatic disorders particularly with regard to the mother, other somatic complaints prior to or along with the chest pain, and the presence of stressful life events. Conclusions: These data suggest that the described chest pain in children is a psychosomatic condition rather than caused by organic cardiac disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Thoraxschmerzen bei Kindern werden häufig mit Erkrankungen des Herzens in Zusammenhang gebracht. Im Rahmen dieser Studie sollten der Symptomkomplex kindlicher „Herzschmerzen” charakterisiert und seine Genese aus kardiologischer Sicht untersucht werden. Ein weiteres Ziel bestand darin, Hinweise auf psychogene Faktoren in der Schmerzgenese zu erhalten. Methode: In die Studie waren 456 Kinder einbezogen, die unter dem Verdacht von „Herzschmerzen” an kinderkardiologische Ambulanzen überwiesen worden waren. Die Basisdiagnostik umfaßte EKG und Echokardiographie. In vielen Fällen erfolgten zusätzlich Langzeit-EKG, Thoraxröntgen oder Belastungs-EKG. Zur Beschreibung der Symptomatik und zur Evaluierung familiärer und psychosozialer Faktoren wurde ein Fragebogen ausgearbeitet und damit eine Untergruppe von 52 Kindern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei 15% der Kinder wurden verschiedenartige und meist geringfügige strukturelle und funktionelle Abweichungen vom Normalbefund des Herzens beobachtet. Ihre Prävalenz war nicht höher als in einer Kontrollpopulation. Unabhängig vom Vorhandensein dieser Befunde war die kardiale Leistungsfähigkeit normal. Die typische Symptomatik (kurz, stechend, ohne Ausstrahlung) entsprach nicht der des ischämischen Herzschmerzes und war bei Kindern mit und ohne kardiale Veränderungen weitgehend identisch. Es wurden Faktoren beobachtet, die typisch für psychosomatische Erkrankungen sind: eine positive Familienanamnese für „funktionelle Herzbeschwerden” und andere psychosomatische Erkrankungen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Mutter, das gleichzeitige oder zeitlich versetzte Auftreten anderer Schmerzsyndrome und potentielle psychosoziale Belastungen. Schlußfolgerungen: Vermutlich spielen nicht manifeste organische Veränderungen am Herzen, sondern psychosomatische Faktoren in der Pathogenese des hier charakterisierten kindlichen Thoraxschmerzes eine Rolle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 78.65 ; 68.55 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The optical and structural properties of films deposited from laser sintered Zirconia (ZrO2), Hafnia (HfO2), and Yttria (Y2O3) and from the commercially available (unprocessed material) Zirconia, Hafnia and Yttria, were studied and compared. All the films had low absorption. Films deposited from the laser sintered material had very low optical inhomogeneity. ZrO2 films showed negative inhomogeneity for films deposited from the unprocessed material. The refractive index increased for ZrO2 films deposited from the laser sintered material. HfO2 and Y2O3 films showed positive inhomogeneity when deposited from the unprocessed material. The refractive index of the films of these materials decreased when deposited from the laser sintered material. The thin films of ZrO2 and Y2O3 prepared from laser sintered material had stable monoclinic and cubic structures respectively while HfO2 films were found to be amorphous.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Seasonal pattern ; Isoprene emission Nitrogen ; Temperature induction ; Biogenic emission inventory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Isoprene emission from plants represents one of the principal biospheric controls over the oxidative capacity of the continental troposphere. In the study reported here, the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission, and its underlying determinants, were studied for aspen trees growing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. The springtime onset of isoprene emission was delayed for up to 4 weeks following leaf emergence, despite the presence of positive net photosynthesis rates. Maximum isoprene emission rates were reached approximately 6 weeks following leaf emergence. During this initial developmental phase, isoprene emission rates were negatively correlated with leaf nitrogen concentrations. During the autumnal decline in isoprene emission, rates were positively correlated with leaf nitrogen concentration. Given past studies that demonstrate a correlation between leaf nitrogen concentration and isoprene emission rate, we conclude that factors other than the amount of leaf nitrogen determine the early-season initiation of isoprene emission. The late-season decline in isoprene emission rate is interpreted as due to the autumnal breakdown of metabolic machinery and loss of leaf nitrogen. In potted aspen trees, leaves that emerged in February and developed under cool, springtime temperatures did not emit isoprene until 23 days after leaf emergence. Leaves that emrged in July and developed in hot, midsummer temperatures emitted isoprene within 6 days. Leaves that had emerged during the cool spring, and had grown for several weeks without emitting isoprene, could be induced to emit isoprene within 2 h of exposure to 32°C. Continued exposure to warm temperatures resulted in a progressive increase in the isoprene emission rate. Thus, temperature appears to be an important determinant of the early season induction of isoprene emission. The seasonal pattern of isoprene emission was examined in trees growing along an elevational gradient in the Colorado Front Range (1829–2896 m). Trees at different elevations exhibited staggered patterns of bud-break and initiation of photosynthesis and isoprene emission in concert with the staggered onset of warm, springtime temperatures. The springtime induction of isoprene emission could be predicted at each of the three sites as the time after bud break required for cumulative temperatures above 0°C to reach approximately 400 degree days. Seasonal temperature acclimation of isoprene emission rate and photosynthesis rate was not observed. The temperature dependence of isoprene emission rate between 20 and 35°C could be accurately predicted during spring and summer using a single algorithm that describes the Arrhenius relationship of enzyme activity. From these results, it is concluded that the early season pattern of isoprene emission is controlled by prevailing temperature and its interaction with developmental processes. The late-season pattern is determined by controls over leaf nitrogen concentration, especially the depletion of leaf nitrogen during senescence. Following early-season induction, isoprene emission rates correlate with photosynthesis rates. During the season there is little acclimation to temperature, so that seasonal modeling simplifies to a single temperature-response algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 271 (1892), S. 86-92 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 295 (1897), S. 43-55 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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