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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 48 (1987), S. 1251-1252 
    ISSN: 0022-3697
    Keywords: FeNiCrO"4 ; Spinel ferrite ; X-ray ; a.c. susceptibility ; cation distribution ; entropie spins ; frustration ; magnetisation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 75.30.-m ; 75.50.Ee ; 71.70.Gm ; 75.30.Et
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependence of the lattice constants of the alloys, RCu2Ge2 (R=Nd, Tb, Dy, Ho and Tm) shows the existence of a lattice strain due to the alignment of the 4f-electric quadrupole at low temperatures. This strain could be related to the deviation of the Néel temperatures (T N ) from that predicted by de Gennes scaling, thereby indicating the role of the quadrupole on the magnetism. On the other hand, in PrCu2Ge2, for which the enhancement ofT N is the largest in thisR series, the lattice constants interestingly behave as if the 4f-quadrupole moment is almost quenched and the anomalous magnetism in this case is attributed to some degree of 4f-delocalisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1997), S. 157-164 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Sulphur mustard  ;  Breathing pattern  ;   Sensory irritation  ;  Airflow limitation  ;  Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A head-only exposure assembly was used for exposing mice to vapours of sulphur mustard (SM). The respiration was monitored using an on-line computer program, capable of recognizing the breathing pattern as sensory irritation, airflow limitation and pulmonary irritation. SM was dissolved in acetone and vapourized using a compressed air nebulizer. Mice were exposed to the vapours (8.5, 16.9, 21.3, 26.8, 42.3 and 84.7 mg/m3) for 1h in a body plethysmograph fitted with a 20-gauge needle and a microphone for sensing the respiratory flow signals. The signals were amplified, digitized and integrated to give tidal volume, and stored in a computer for further analysis. The respiration of the mice was followed for modifications in the breathing pattern until 7 days post-exposure. SM induced sensory irritation during exposure, and there was a concentration dependent decrease in the respiratory frequency and an increase in tidal volume. Lower concentrations showed recovery after stopping the exposure. RD50, the concentration that depresses 50% of the respiration was estimated to be 27.4 mg/m3. Following exposure to higher concentrations the animals started dying after 6␣days. The LC50 was estimated to be 42.5 mg/m3 (14␣days observation period). The respiratory frequency decreased on subsequent days of exposure depending upon the exposure concentration, and the breathing pattern was characteristic of airflow limitation. The ratio of flow/tidal volume was decreased following exposure to concentrations of 26.8 and 42.3 mg/m3. The ratio of flow/tidal volume may be a better measurement than the measurements based on flow alone for the assessment of airflow limitation. Pulmonary irritation was not observed showing that the lungs were not affected. The body weight of the animals decreased progressively. The present methodology will be useful for identifying the effects of SM on the respiratory system, one of the end-points considered when establishing occupational exposure limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 2503-2512 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: PAN ; FT-IR ; 13C CP-MAS ; Py-GC-MS ; cyclization ; thermal degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: PAN undergoes chemical decomposition in stages on thermal treatment. In the literature, several mechanisms were proposed for the degradation process. However, the decomposition pathway and the structural rearrangement of solid residue in relation to the loss of volatile products are not fully understood. The degradation process has therefore received further attention in this work by employing a combination of FT-IR, high-resolution solid-state 13C-NMR, pyrolysis GC-MS, and microelemental analysis. These investigations have established that PAN decomposes to gaseous and volatile products over a range of temperatures (150-590°C) with concurrent stabilization of the structure of residual matter occurring on a parallel course. While linear polymerization of nitrile group is the principal reaction in the decomposition process, cyclization followed by extended conjugation is the notable exothermic process. No evidence has been obtained for the formation of oxygen-containing chromophores either as intermediates or as part of the chemical structure of the residue. Temperature sensitivity of oligomer formation has been established through pyrolysis-GC-MS studies. The overall decomposition profile of PAN has thus been established. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 36: 2503-2512, 1998
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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