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  • Chemistry  (8)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • ARDS  (2)
  • ecology  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: ARDS ; Alveolar gas composition ; Low frequency positive pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2-removal ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tracheal and alveolar gas composition was studied by mass spectrometry in a patient with severe ARDS treated by low frequency positive pressure ventilation/extracorporeal CO2-removal (LFPPV-ECCO2R). Measured alveolar gas concentrations were compared with values derived from standard respiratory equations. As a result we found that during LFPPV-ECCO2R with a constant endotracheal O2-flow, alveolar gas composition cannot be predicted reliably from standard equations. The reasons for this finding are discussed. We conclude that monitoring of alveolar gas composition by mass spectrometry is of great value during LFPPV-ECCO2R if PAO2, P(A-a)O2 and Qva/Qt are to be determined correctly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: ARDS ; Extracorporeal circulation ; Extracorporeal CO2-removal ; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; Gas exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extracorporeal circulation can cause lung damage, which would be especially counterproductive during extracorporeal gas exchange for the treatment of acute respiratory failure. To test the hypothesis that partial venovenous bypass with extracorporeal CO2-removal combined with low-frequency positive pressure ventilation (ECCO2R-LFPPV) can adversely affect lung fluid balance, extravascular thermal lung volume (ETV) and hemodynamics were assessed before, during and after ECCO2R-LFPPV in normal closed ehest dogs. In series I dogs (n=6) subjected to 10 h of ECCO2R-LFPPV, ETV did not change significantly from control (7.1 ml/kg±0.99 SE) during or after bypass. Gravimetric extravascular lung water and lung histology after bypass were found to be normal. In series II dogs (n=5), subjected to shorter periods of ECCO2R-LFPPV, ETV also remained unchanged. In contrast to previous reports using sheep, pulmonary arterial hypertension during bypass was not observed. Thus, ECCO2R-LFPPV was not associated with increased lung water, pulmonary hypertension or morphological lung changes under the conditions studied and does not seem to cause lung damage in normal lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 2 (1993), S. 277-286 
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: ecology ; objectives ; water management ; Amoeba-approach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dutch integral water management aims to restore and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems, which can sustain most human uses. Clear ecological objectives are necessary. Sustainability of fundamental ecological values (production and yield, species diversity, and self-regulation) is assumed to be best preserved in the reference situation. This is the situation, in which human influence is minimal. A general method to present ecological information, the Amoeba approach is discussed. This approach uses selected species as representatives for the ecosystem. Criteria for the selection of species are discussed. For each species (target variable) the current situation, the reference situation, and estimated effects of measures can be found and plotted in an amoeba-like figure. The presentation is a simplification and is therefore easily understood by managers, politicians, and the public. It's application for some Dutch inland waters is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 2 (1973), S. 277-286 
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: ecology ; objectives ; water management ; Amoeba-approach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dutch integral water management aims to restore and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystems, which can sustain most human uses. Clear ecological objectives are necessary. Sustainability of fundamental ecological values (production and yield, species diversity, and self-regulation) is assumed to be best preserved in the reference situation. This is the situation, in which human influence is minimal. A general method to present ecological information, the Amoeba approach is discussed. This approach uses selected species as representatives for the ecosystem. Criteria for the selection of species are discussed. For each species (target variable) the current situation, the reference situation, and estimated effects of measures can be found and plotted in an amoeba-like figure. The presentation is a simplification and is therefore easily understood by managers, politicians, and the public. It's application for some Dutch inland waters is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of alumina layers on iron-base alloysThe formation of Al2O3-layers has been studied for ferritic alloys Fe-6 Al-M and austenitic alloys Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M where M - Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si… (concentrations in wt%). One or more alloying elements M had been added and in some cases carbon. The oxidation was performed at 1000 °C in H2O-H2 mixtures at PO2 = 10-19 bar. After ½ h oxidation the oxide layers were investigated by X-ray structures analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The alloy Fe-6 Al and most doped alloys form badly adherent layers, however, on alloys with additions of 0.1 to 1% Ti, Zr, V or Y the oxide layers are fine-grained and well-adherent. The Ti-doped ferritic alloys showed very protective layers, which is caused by the formation of a Ti(C, O)-layer beneath the α-Al2O3. The presence of the oxicarbide induces nucleation and improves the adherence of α-Al2O3, according to epitaxial relations between ferrite and oxicarbide and between oxicarbide and alumina. The favourable influence of Ti and Zr on the Al2O3 formation is also effective on the austenitic alloys.
    Notes: Die Bildung von Al2O3-Deckschichten wurde für ferritische Fe-6 AI-M- und austenitische Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M-Legierungen untersucht, M = Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si u. a. (Konzentrationen in Masse%). Die Legierungen enthielten eines oder mehrere der Legierungselemente M und in einigen Fällen Kohienstoff. Die Oxydation wurde bei 1000 °C in H2O-H2 Gemischen mit pO2 = 10-19 bar durchgeführt. Nach ½ h Oxydation wurden die Oxidschichten durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Auger-Elektronen-Spektroskopie (AES) charakterisiert. Die Legierung Fe-6 Al und die meisten hiervon abgeleiteten Legierungen bilden schlecht haftende Oxidschichten, auf Legierungen mit 0,1 bis 1% Ti, Zr, V oder Y dagegen sind die Oxidschichten feinkörnig und haften sehr gut. Die Ti-dotierten Legierungen zeigten sehr gute Deckschichtbildung, bedingt durch eine Ti(C, O)-Schicht unterhalb des α-Al2O3. Die Gegenwart des Oxicarbids verursacht häufige Keimbildung und verbessert die Haftung des α-Al2O3 aufgrund epitaktischer Beziehungen zwischen Ferrit und Oxicarbid sowie Oxicarbid und Aluminiumoxid. Der günstige Einfluß der Legierungselemente Ti und Zr auf die Bildung von Al2O3-Schichten tritt auch bei den austenitischen Legierungen auf.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 10 (1987), S. 280-290 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Protecting layers against carburizing atmospheres are of great importance for high temperature alloys. Very good results have been obtained with a model alloy Fe—Al—0.5Ti. For a single crystal sample of this alloy, the composition and growth of the protecting layers were studied by AES and LEED. Excellent epitaxial fit was observed for a titanium oxycarbide layer growing on (100) and (110) oriented samples at high temperatures by surface segregation of C and Ti in oxygen containing atmosphers. At the same time Al segregated to the surface and diffused through this carbide layer. Reaction with oxygen led to the formation of an epitaxial Al2O3 layer on top of the carbide. Both layers were very dense and well adherent even for high quenching rates. Only very small amounts of carbon impurity were able to penetrate through the dense Al2O3 layer and were captured by the oxycarbide layer.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 22 (1984), S. 454-455 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 200 MHz 1H NMR spectra of pilocarpine, pilocarpine.HCl and isopilocarpine.HCl have been studied. Evidence is presented for the preferred conformations of the compounds in aqueous solution, with the methylimidazolyl moiety antiperiplanar with respect to the α-carbon of the butanolide ring.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrahydro-2-(3,4 -dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-furanmethanol has been isolated from Monechrna ciliaturn. Its structure was deduced from the 200 MHz 1H NMR spectrum.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 24 (1986), S. 832-833 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of polyhydroxycarboxylates is presented. Conclusions with regard to the configuration and the conformation are drawn from chemical shifts and vicinal coupling constants.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zwei Verfahren zur Darstellung α-trimethylsubstituierter Methylphosphane von genereller Anwendungsbreite werden vorgestellt. Phenylierte Vertreter PhPR—CH2—Tms (2a - ) lassen sich durch Na-Spaltung in NH3 und nachfolgende Kondensation mit Cl—CH2—Tms gewinnen. Metallierung mit n-BuLi und TmsCl—Einwirkung führt zur Zweitsilylierung in αPosition (3a - d, f. Diorganylamino-funktionelle Derivate 5a - e und 6 sind vorteilhaft über eine Primäraktivierung (Grignardierung oder Lithiierung) der Silylmethan-Komponenten zu erhalten. Die oxidative Ylidierung mit CCl4 ergibt nach Gl. (7) in allen Fällen P-Chlor-methylphosphorane. Außer durch Elementaranalyse wird die Konstitution sämtlicher Verbindungen durch die 31P{1H}- und komplementären 13C{1H}-Daten gesichert.Phosphorus-Carbon-Halogen Compounds. XXV. α-Trimethylsilyl-substituted Methylphosphanes: Synthesis and CCl4—Oxidation to P-Chlor-methylene-phosphoranesTwo procedures of general applicability for the synthesis of αxyltrimethylsilyl-substituted methylphosphanes are reported. Phenylated species PhPR—CH2—Tms (2a - e) can be obtained by Na cleavage in NH3 and subsequent condensation with Cl—CH2—Tms. Metallation with n-BuLi and treatment with TmsCl causes two-fold silylation in α-position (3a - d, f). Diorganylamino-functionalized derivatives 5a - e and 6 are preferrably prepared by initial activation (grignardation or lithiation) of the silylmethane component. Oxidative ylidation with CCl4 yields in all cases P-chloro-methylenephosphoranes according to eq. (7). The constitution of all compounds has been confirmed by 31P{1H} and complementary 13C{1H} data in addition to elemental analyses.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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