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  • AbbreviationsA carbonic anhydrase activity  (1)
  • Chloroplast genomic evolution  (1)
  • GEPR  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the evolution of the Vicia faba chloroplast genome (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 125-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Vicia faba ; Chloroplast genomic evolution ; Rearrangements ; Recombination sites ; Deletions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The Vicia faba chloroplast genome lacks inverted repeat sequences and contains only one set of ribosomal RNA genes. The genetic organization has been altered by inversions, relative to the typical arrangement of most higher plant chloroplast genomes. The Vicia faba plastid genome thus represents one of the more interesting results of chloroplast genomic evolution. The present study employs small DNA probes and Southern blot hybridizations to investigate the steps involved in the evolution of the Vicia faba chloroplast genome. The data from heterologous hybridizations between chloroplast DNA of Brassica napus (a conserved genome) and of Vicia faba led to three observations: 1) The inverted repeat segment closest to the psbA gene was deleted prior to the rearrangements. 2) A quarter of the ancestral small single copy region was lost during the deletion. 3) The genetic organization observed in Vicia faba resulted from three inversions after the deletion event. Our findings, combined with previous observations, helped devise a stepwise model for the evolution of the Vicia faba chloroplast genome. The area of the small single copy region absent from the Vicia faba chloroplast chromosome lacks in vivo transcription activity in Brassica napus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00290095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unique distribution of the anion exchange protein in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 170 (2000), S. 497-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Anion exchange ; AE1 ; Red blood cells ; Lamprey ; Respiration ; AbbreviationsA carbonic anhydrase activity ; CA carbonic anhydrase ; DIDS 4,4′ diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′ disulphonic acid ; GTC-AP guanidium isothiocyanate-acid phenol ; IgGs type G immunoglobins ; P red blood cell HCO−3 permeability ; PCR polymerase chain reaction ; rbc(s) red blood cell(s)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the distribution of the anion exchange protein in the sea lamprey. Southern blots showed that genomic DNA of juvenile lampreys possesses several regions that are similar to segments of the AE gene from other vertebrates. However, physiological experiments examining rapid anion fluxes across the red blood cell (rbc) membrane and molecular experiments examining mRNA transcript levels both indicated that the anion exchange protein is absent in sea lamprey rbcs. In contrast, lamprey kidney, skeletal muscle, liver and heart tissue all appeared to possess mRNA transcripts for an AE protein. Further evidence for the presence of an AE protein in kidney tissue was obtained from Western blots. In order to evaluate the impact of the apparent rbc anion exchange limitations, the bicarbonate permeability of lamprey rbcs was also evaluated using mass spectrometry. The bicarbonate permeability of the lamprey rbc membrane was an order of magnitude lower than that of trout rbcs. Taken together, these results indicate that the gene for the AE protein is indeed present in lampreys, but it is not expressed in the rbc. Moreover, the process of CO2 transport in lamprey probably does not involve bicarbonate transport across the rbc membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600000127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rat (GEPR) (1995)
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 16 (1995), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: GEPR ; Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats ; seizures ; epilepsy ; forebrain seizure ; brainstem seizure ; electroencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Due ceppi indipendenti di ratti geneticamente suscettibili ad epilessia (GEPRs) sono stati ottenuti mediante reincroci. GEPR-3s e GEPR-9s differiscono per il grado di predisposizione alle crisi della loro espressione rispettivamente moderato e importante. La predisposizione alle crisi stabilisce una distinzione fondamentale tra cervello normale ed epilettico. Sia nei GEPRs che nell'uomo la predisposizione alle crisi riguarda sia le crisi spontanee sia il grado di responsività o la soglia di risposta a stimoli che possono causare crisi anche in soggetti non epilettici. L'attivazione di circuiti epilettogeni del tronco da parte dell'input uditivo, attraverso il collicolo inferiore, provoca nei GEPR-9s risposte elettrografiche e comportamentali che riproducono le crisi generalizzate tonico-cloniche dell'uomo. L'attivazione dei circuiti epilettogeni del tronco da parte di circuiti epilettogeni proencefalici nei GEPRs rappresenta un modello recentemente individuato di crisi parziali complesse con generalizzazione secondaria a crisi tonico-cloniche. Per questi motivi la predisposizione epilettica nei GEPRs rappresenta una opportunità privilegiata per lo studio delle epilessie umane non riscontrabile in studi sul cervello normale esposto a stimoli epilettogeni.
    Notes: Abstract Two independently inbred strains of genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPRs) have been developed. GEPR-3s and GEPR-9s have moderate and severe degrees of seizure predisposition as well as expression, respectively. Seizure predisposition is a fundamental distinction between the normal and epileptic brain. Seizure predisposition in GEPRs and in humans with epilepsy includes spontaneous seizures and exaggerated seizure responsiveness and/or abnormally low thresholds to stimuli which also cause seizures in non-epileptic subjects. Activation of brainstem seizure circuitry by auditory input via the inferior colliculus causes electrographic and behavioral responses in GEPR-9s which replicates human generalized tonic/clonic seizures. Activation of brainstem seizure circuitry by input from forebrain seizure circuitry in GEPRs provides a newly discovered model of complex partial seizures with secondary generalization to tonic/clonic seizures. Thus, seizure predisposition in GEPRs offers a unique opportunity to study the human epilepsies that is not offered in studies of normal brain exposed to convulsant stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02229080
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