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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörterα2-Adrenozeptor-Agonisten: Clonidin ; Opioide: Morphin ; Lokalanästhetika: Bupivacain ; Anästhesietechnik: regional ; rückenmarksnah ; Pharmakologie: Interaktionen: additiv ; synergistisch ; Nozizeption ; Key wordsα2-Adrenoceptor agonists ; Opioids ; Local anaesthetics ; Regional anaesthesia ; Neuraxial anaesthesia ; Interactions ; Additive effect ; Synergistic effect ; Nociception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The interactions of α2-adrenoceptor agonists with anaesthetics, analgesics and local anaesthetics are not only of practical importance in many areas of anaesthesia and pain therapy, but also of significant theoretical interest. Laboratory investigations and animal research allow us to study the pharmacological mechanisms of these drug interactions by using the tools of molecular biology. This may lead to the establishment of a scientific basis allowing the definition of rational drug therapies. In the first part of this overview, recent data on local anaesthetic effects of α2-adrenoceptor agonists on peripheral nerve conduction and their interaction with local anaesthetics are presented. Some important experimental work focusing on additive and synergistic spinal interactions of α2-adrenoceptor agonists with opioids and some other agents are then discussed. Finally, there is a brief reference to the central role of the spinal cord in mediating and controlling nociception.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Interaktionen der α2-Adrenozeptoragonisten mit Anästhetika, Analgetika und Lokalanästhetika sind nicht nur von praktischer Bedeutung für viele Bereiche der Anästhesie und Schmerztherapie, sondern auch von theoretischem Interesse, weil gerade im Laborexperiment und im Tierversuch wichtige molekularbiologische Mechanismen und physiologische Grundlagen der pharmakologischen Interaktionen untersucht und dargestellt werden können. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden Untersuchungen zu den lokalanästhetischen Effekten der α2-Adrenozeptoragonisten am peripheren Nerven und ihre Interaktionen mit Lokalanästhetika vorgestellt. Dann werden einige laborexperimentelle Arbeiten zusammengefaßt, in denen additive und supraadditive spinale Interaktionen von α2-Adrenozeptoragonisten mit Opioiden, Physostgimin, Carbachol, Adenosin, Midazolam und Ketorolac nachgewiesen werden konnten. Schließlich soll die zentrale Rolle des Rückenmarks im Rahmen der physiologischen Kontrolle der Nozizeption kurz diskutiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 6 (1995), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Abdominal colposuspension ; Anterior colporrhaphy ; Stress incontinence ; Urodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Between 1985 and 1991, 88 patients underwent abdominal colposuspension and a further 50 were treated with anterior colporrhaphy. Both preoperatively and 6 months after the operation the following were evaluated: the grade of incontinence, the posterior urethral vesical angle measured by voiding cystourethrogram, and the maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) at rest and during stress as measured by cystometry. At 1 year the colposuspension patients had a 69% success rate and the cure rate for anterior colporrhaphy was 38%. In postoperatively continent women the urethrovesical junction was significantly better elevated above the lower edge of the symphysis than in patients where the incontinence recurred postoperatively. The higher the urethrovesical junction was suspended, the more the MUCP during stress was increased. Treatment of genuine stress incontinence is best accomplished by retropubic colposuspension, with or without anterior colporrhaphy for coexisting cystocele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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