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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Biotin labeling ; Red cell survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Direct in vivo labeling of erythrocytes with biotin is shown as a method for estimation of red cell survival as well as of enrichment of young or aged erythrocytes. Two succinimide esters (biotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester [BNHS], caproylamidobiotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester [C-BNHS] were used for biotin labeling of erythrocytes. With improved syntheses, pure BNHS (mp, 212°–214° C) and the spacered intermediate for C-BNHS, 6-(biotinylamide) hexanoate (mp, 225°–226° C) were obtained in an overall yield of 86%; the yield of C-BNHS (mp, 167°–169° C) was 68%. When three doses of 1 mg C-BNHS are injected intravenously into mice at 24-h intervals, all the red cells are biotin labeled. The rate of red cell production as well as the life span of red cells can be measured without any effect on erythropoiesis or damage by red cells in vitro. The survival curve seems to be linear, with 2.5%–3.3% disappearance of biotin-labeled red cells daily. In mice, in vivo biotin labeling avoids damaging red cells by in vitro procedures and does not influence the steady state of erythropoiesis by hypertransfusion. Therefore, in vivo biotin labeling is a very useful method for determining red cell survival time in small animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Acute lymphatic leukemia ; Leukemia markers ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary One hundred acute leukemia cell samples (89 ALL, 11 AMML) derived from children's bone marrow at diagnosis were typed for the reaction with 15 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Subdivision in ALL-subgroups was performed according to conventional markers. Only some mAbs like VIL-A1 which is directed against the cALL-antigen, can substitute polyclonal rabbit antisera. Additional subclassifications became evident by the use of mAbs for T-cell differentiated ALL forms. However, unexpected negative reactions must be taken into account as observed for all T-directed mAbs with individual T-cell ALL samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Red cell survival ; Biotin labeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biotin labeling of red cells was studied using different approaches to see if biotinylation is a useful label for determination of erythrocyte survival. Mouse red cells were labeled with biotin, either in vivo by injection or in vitro. In vivo labeled red cells were followed up in some mice without transfusing the labeled erythrocytes. Furthermore, in vivo labeled as well as in vitro labeled red cells were transfused into syngeneic mice. The biotin label allows an easy discrimination between labeled and unlabeled red cells during FACS analysis, and it is relatively stable for at least 50 days. All the three different approaches give similar results. Mean red cell life spans of in vivo or in vitro labeled red cells either transfused or followed up in vivo were between 44 and 52 days (T50 mean 23.9 days) when red cell destruction was assumed to be only a result of senescence. Mean red cell life spans were between 8 and 18 days (T50 mean 9.5 days) when a random destruction independent of red cell age was suggested. All the survival slopes are neither simple linear functions of time nor logarithmic functions, but they show an overlay of linear function by a logarithmic function where the components of both are unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 754-758 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acetylsalicylic acid ; auto-antibodies ; purpura ; thrombocytopenia ; drug-induced cytopenia ; Acetylsalicylsäure ; Autoantikörper ; Purpura ; Thrombocytopenie ; arzneimittelallergische Cytopenie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den Fall einer letalen arzneimittelallergischen Thrombocytopenie nach Thomapyrin® berichtet, bei der sich hochtitrige thrombocytäre Antikörper in vitro nachweisen ließen. Die komplementbindenden Antikörper waren spezifisch gegen die Acetylsalicylsäurekomponente im Thomapyrin® gerichtet und inaktiv gegenüber dessen Phenacetinkomponente. Aus dem klinischen Bild ergaben sich Hinweise für kreuzreagierende allergische Reaktionen mehrerer Zellsysteme, besonders auch der hämopoetischen Vorstufen. Der deletäre Verlauf der Cytopenie wird aus der fortgesetzten Einnahme des Medikaments erklärt. Die Seltenheit dieser durch Aspirin® bedingten Thrombocytopenie — bisher wurden erst von einem Autor Antikörper immunologisch nachgewiesen — erschwert die Diagnose des lebensbedrohlichen Krankheitsbildes.
    Notes: Summary This case report deals with drug-induced allergic thrombocytopenia with lethal issue resulting from Thomapyrin®. It was possible to demonstrate the in vitro existence of a high antibody titer against platelets. The complement-binding antibodies were directed specifically against the acetylsalicylic acid, a component of Thomapyrin®, but did not react against its phenacetin component. The clinical picture pointed to cross-reactive allergic reactions of various cell systems, in particular of the hemopoietic precursor cells. The destructive course of the cytopenia can be explained by the continuous intake of the drug. The rare occurrence of this thrombocytopenia caused by Aspirin®—until now, antibodies have been immunologically proven by only one author—renders the diagnosis of this life-threatening disease quite difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acute lymphatic leukemia ; Chronic lymphatic leukemia ; Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin ; Akute lymphatische Leukämie ; Chronische lymphatische Leukämie ; Anti-T-Lymphocyten-Globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bisherige Schwierigkeiten in der Herstellung spezifischer Antiseren gegen T-Lymphocyten lassen sich durch eine stufenweise Absorptions-und Reinigungsprozedur von Anti-Human-Thymocytenserum überwinden. Spezifisches Anti-Human-Thymocyten-Globulin (sATG) reagierte mit Thymocyten, thymus-abhängigen Lymphocyten und einer lymphoblastoiden Zell-Linie vom T-Zell-Typ, während keine Aktivität gegen lymphoblastoide Zell-Linien vom B-Zell-Type nachzuweisen war. Mit Hilfe von sATG, eingesetzt im Cytotoxizitätstest, in der Elektronenmikroskopie, dem Komplementfixationstest und der quantitativen Immunoautoradiographie, wurden fünf chronische und drei akute lymphatische Leukämien charakterisiert und mit Lymphocytenpopulationen von Normalpersonen verglichen. Drei chronische lymphatische Leukämien mit niedrigen Spontanrosettenzahlen und hohen Prozentzahlen Membran-Ig-positiver Lymphocyten zeigten nur wenige T-Zell-Antigen-positive Lymphocyten und wurden daher als B-Zell-Leukämien klassifiziert. Die Zellen zweier chronischer lymphatischer Leukämien mit hohen Spontanrosettenzahlen trugen das T-Zell-Antigen, die Antigen-Konzentration jedoch lag niedriger als die von normalen peripheren Blut-T-Lymphocyten. Die T-Zell-Natur zweier akuter lymphatischer Leukämien mit hohen Spontanrosettenzahlen wurde durch eine positive Reaktion der Zellen mit sATG bestätigt. In einem Fall von akuter lymphatischer Leukämie wurden trotz fehlender Spontanrosettenbildung überwiegend T-Zell-Antigen-positive Zellen gefunden. In den beiden ersten Fällen lag die T-Zell-Antigen-Konzentration höher als auf normalen Blut-T-Lymphocyten, im letzteren Fall geringfügig darunter. Die Vorteile der Charakterisierung von Leukämien mit sATG im Vergleich mit der Spontanrosettenbildung und die Bedeutung für die Prognostik werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Difficulties in the production of specific antisera against T-lymphocytes could be overcome by a stepwise absorption and purification procedure of anti-human thymocyte serum. Specific anti-T lymphocyte globulin (sATG) reacted with thymocytes, thymus-derived lymphocytes and a lymphoblastoid cell line of T-cell type whereas no activity was found against lymphoblastoid cell lines of B-cell type. Five chronic and three acute lymphatic leukemias were characterized using sATG in the cytotoxic test, electron microscopy, complement fixation test and quantitative immunoautoradiography, and compared with lymphocyte populations of normal individuals. Three chronic lymphatic leukemias with low numbers of spontaneous rosettes and high percentages of membrane-Ig-positive lymphocytes showed only few T-cell-antigen-positive lymphocytes and were therefore classified as B-cell leukemias. The cells of two chronic lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes carried T-cell-antigen. The T-cell-antigen concentration, however, was lower than that of normal peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. The T-cell nature of two acute lymphatic leukemias with high numbers of spontaneous rosettes was confirmed by a positive reaction of the cells with sATG. In one case of acute lymphatic leukemia most leukemic cells carried T-cell-antigen although these cells did not form spontaneous rosettes. In the first two cases the T-cell-antigen concentration on the cell surface exceeded that of normal blood-T-lymphocytes, in the latter case it was slightly below that. The advantages of the characterization of leukemias with sATG in comparison with the spontaneous rosette formation and the relevance for prognosis are discussed.
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