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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (17)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (4)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4)
  • Achromatopsia  (2)
  • Chronic antidepressant  (2)
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Material
Years
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor citalopram on extracellular 5-HT and apparent autoreceptor sensitivity in rat forebrain in vivo (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 597-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Microdialysis ; 5-HT release ; Chronic antidepressant ; Citalopram ; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor ; Tolerance ; Autoreceptors ; Frontal cortex ; Dorsal hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rats were administered the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake blocker citalopram or saline for 14 days to determine if prolonged treatment would lead to changes in extracellular 5-HT or autoreceptor sensitivity. One day after drug withdrawal, dialysis probes were implanted in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Dialysis experiments were carried out using chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. The experimental protocol comprised the administration of three consecutive drug challenges: (1) After stable baseline levels were obtained, citalopram was infused through the dialysis probes to locally block uptake in the forebrain. (2) Subsequently, a 5-HT1B receptor agonist (RU24969 or CP93,129) was infused through the probe to test for changes in terminal autoreceptor sensitivity. (3) Last, citalopram was administered systemically to test the effect of indirect activation of somatodendritic autoreceptors. Under these conditions, with uptake already blocked locally in the forebrain, systemic citalopram produces a decrease in extracellular 5-HT, an effect that can be inhibited by pretreatment with antagonists of 5-HT1A receptors. The results indicate that during local infusion of citalopram extracellular 5-HT was significantly higher in the dorsal hippocampus of the chronic citalopram as compared to saline treatment group. This difference persisted throughout the full time course of the experiment. However, the decreases in 5-HT levels produced by local infusion of a 5-HT1B receptor agonist or after systemic citalopram administration were not significantly different between the chronic citalopram and saline treated groups. There were no significant differences between chronic citalopram and saline treated animals in frontal cortex. These results suggest that prolonged inhibition of 5-HT uptake may produce a selective change in the regulation of release from median raphe 5-HT neurons, but this change could not be clearly linked to a change in nerve terminal or somatodendritic autoreceptor sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171317
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic administration of the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor citalopram on extracellular 5-HT and apparent autoreceptor sensitivity in rat forebrain in vivo (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 597-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Microdialysis ; 5-HT release ; Chronic antidepressant ; Citalopram ; 5-HT reuptake inhibitor ; Tolerance ; Autoreceptors ; Frontal cortex Dorsal hippocampus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were administered the selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake blocker citalopram or saline for 14 days to determine if prolonged treatment would lead to changes in extracellular 5-HT or autoreceptor sensitivity. One day after drug withdrawal, dialysis probes were implanted in the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. Dialysis experiments were carried out using chloral hydrate anesthetized rats. The experimental protocol comprised the administration of three consecutive drug challenges: (1) After stable baseline levels were obtained, citalopram was infused through the dialysis probes to locally block uptake in the forebrain. (2) Subsequently, a 5-HT1B receptor agonist (RU24969 or CP93,129) was infused through the probe to test for changes in terminal autoreceptor sensitivity. (3) Last, citalopram was administered systemically to test the effect of indirect activation of somatodendritic autoreceptors. Under these conditions, with uptake already blocked locally in the forebrain, systemic citalopram produces a decrease in extracellular 5-HT, an effect that can be inhibited by pretreatment with antagonists of 5-HT1A receptors. The results indicate that during local infusion of citalopram extracellular 5-HT was significantly higher in the dorsal hippocampus of the chronic citalopram as compared to saline treatment group. This difference persisted throughout the full time course of the experiment. However, the decreases in 5-HT levels produced by local infusion of a 5-HT1B receptor agonist or after systemic citalopram administration were not significantly different between the chronic citalopram and saline treated groups. There were no significant differences between chronic citalopram and saline treated animals in frontal cortex. These results suggest that prolonged inhibition of 5-HT uptake may produce a selective change in the regulation of release from median raphe 5-HT neurons, but this change could not be clearly linked to a change in nerve terminal or somatodendritic autoreceptor sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171317
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Achromatopsia with amblyopia (1974)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 37 (1974), S. 79-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Achromatopsia ; rod monochromatism ; nystagmus ; photophobia ; color vision tests ; ERG recovery during dark adaptation ; ERG photopic components ; scotopic components ; photopic activity in purely scotopic ERGs ; ERG as function of intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 39 patients suffering from congenital achromatopsia were investigated by various methods, including electroretinography, during both light and dark adaptation. This condition was typically expressed by the presence of photophobia, low visual acuity, nystagmus and various degrees of ametropia. The fundus was normal in 9 cases. Most of the other cases showed various macular or foveal abnormalities. 24 patients showed complete absence of color vision, and practically all displayed the ‘scotopic line’ in the Farnsworth Panel D-15 test. The electroretinogram (ERG) was almost always extinct in light. In the dark, in most patients the ERG displayed the scotopic mechanism solely, but some ERGs indicated subnormal photopic components either at the beginning or during all dark adaptation. This presence of photopic activity in the ERG of achromats was verified by 2 additional experiments. In one, the recovery of the positive wave of four achromats was compared on a percentage scale with that of four normal subjects and found to be similar, although the slightly faster course in achromats indicates less photopic activity than in normals. In the second, the positive amplitudes of the ERGs of 12 achromats with purely scotopic ERGs were recorded at completed dark adaptation as function of increasing stimulus intensities, all above the photopic threshold, and compared with those of 16 normal subjects. The amplitudes increased linearly with the 1.2 log intensity range in both groups, though the slope of the curve of the achromats was 1/4 that of the normals. In another experiment, the positive wave of the ERG, as elicited by light over 5 log units in the scotopic range, was found in an achromat to be of very similar shape as that of a normal, indicating scotopic acitivity to be similar in both subjects. The fact that, nevertheless, photopic components were not demonstrable in most ERGs, despite present photopic activity, can be explained by the relatively insensitive electrical method coupled with the subnormality of the retinal photopic mechanism in every achromat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149675
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Achromatopsia with amblyopia (1974)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 37 (1974), S. 119-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Achromatopsia ; visual threshold ; dark adaptation ; photopic and scotopic mechanisms ; spectral luminous efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In three of the five achromats examined psychophysically, evidence of three plateaux was found at certain areas of the retina during the normally photopic phase of dark adaptation while the scotopic plateau was normal. These high intensity plateaux coincided fairly well with the photopic phase of our standard dark adaptation curve and the fourth plateau with its scotopic phase. This points to three photopic submodalities and to a normal scotopic mechanism in these achromats. However, the spectral sensitivities, both in the retinal periphery and in the fovea, were maximal between 500 nm and 510 nm for the three photopic plateaux and for the scotopic one and fitted satisfactorily with the 1951 CIE scotopic standard. The mechanisms underlying the appearance of the up to three fast, high-intensity plateaux in the achromats' dark adaptation curves do not fulfill normal requirements completely since they are photopic as to the kinetics of their recovery and scotopic as to their spectral luminous efficiency. The data from the subjects examined indicate three types of receptors with cone kinetics during dark adaptation but containing rhodopsin. The theoretical significance of the findings is discussed, especially why rhodopsin seems to regenerate faster in cones than in rods or in the test tube. Other cases were found, one only illustrated, with only one fast high-intensity plateau similar to those described in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149676
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functionalized polyacetals, 1. Copolymerization of trioxane with 1,3-dioxep-5-ene and properties of the resulting copolymer (1990)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 191 (1990), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 1,3,5-Trioxane (1) and 1,3-dioxep-5-ene (2) were copolymerized with BF3OEt2 at 65°C. The products, after base hydrolysis, were characterized by 13C and 1H NMR and were found to assume the chemical structure 4 of a copolymer containing oxymethylene and oxy-2-butenylene units with 4-hydroxy-2-butenyl and methoxy end groups, with the ratio of hydroxy-2-butenylene to methoxy end groups varying with experimental conditions. The copolymer demonstrates crystallinity and thermal stability comparable to poly(trioxane-co-ethylene oxide)s. Copolymer melting point was observed to decrease with increasing comonomer incorporation. The upper limit for incorporation of the comonomer 2 was found to be ca. 4 mol per cent. Viscosity and end group analysis (by 1H NMR) indicate molecular weights in the range of 104 to 105. The comonomeric unit demonstrates the ability to act as both a stopper against unzipping and as a trap for certain degrading agents.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1990.021910108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of Balantidium coli Stein 1863, in relation to cytology and behavior in cultureA contribution from the Department of Biological Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. This paper is based on the author's dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1953)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 93 (1953), S. 405-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050930302
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phasen-Grenzlinien, insbesondere in ihrer Bedeutung für die Korrosion (1951)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 2 (1951), S. 365-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase boundary-lines, especially in their impotance for corrosionTwo phases have a common cleavageplane, whilst three phases touch one another along a boundary line only. Corroesponding to an adsorption in the first case in an adlineation in the second case. Both processes diminish the free energy and herewith the activity of the boundary, so inhibiting the possibilities of corrosion.Local elements, glow cathodes and catalysts consisting of several components are typical systems acting at microscopic boundary-lines. Cavitation is the inverse phenomenon.Macroscopic boundary-lines in partially filled containers, formed by wall, liquor and gaseous phase, are about this especially active, as being mixed with a four-phases-point-system, that results from the heterogeneity of the container wall. Gravity potentials, and electrokinetic potentials have their maximum value in the boundary-lines too.
    Notes: Zwei Phasen haben eine gemeinsame Grenzfläche, während drei Phasen sich nur entlang einer Grenzlinie berühren. Der Adsorption im ersten Falle entspricht eine Adlineation im zweiten Falle. Beide Vorgänge setzen die freie Energie und damit die Aktivität der Grenze herab, hemmen also Korrosionsmöglichkeiten.Lokalelemente, Glühkathoden und Mehrstoff-Katalysatoren sind typische Systeme, die an mikroskopischen Grenzlinien zur Wirkung kommen. Kavitation bildet die inverse Erscheinung hierzu.Makroskopische Grenzlinien an teilgefüllten Behältern, die durch Wandung, flüssigem Inhalt und gasförmiger Phasegebildet werden, sind darüber hinaus besonders aktiv, da sie von einem Vierphasen-Punktsystem durchsetzt sind, das infolge er heterogenität der Behälterwand resultiert.Gravitationspotentiale und elektrokinetische Potentiale haben ebenfalls in den begrenzenden Linien ihren maximalen Wert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19510021004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kolloidchemisches Praktikum von E. Sauer. 2. Aufl. Verlag für angewandte Wissenschaften. Wiesbaden 1953. XIII, 122 S., geb. DM 9,80 (1954)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 5 (1954), S. 359-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19540050830
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafine particles (The electrochemical society series). W. E. Kuhn, H. Lamprey und C. Sheer. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., London 1964, 561 Seiten, Preis sh 113/ -  (1964)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 15 (1964), S. 700-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19640150815
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact modification of engineering thermoplastics (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53 (1994), S. 527-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Impact modification was studied for a variety of engineering thermoplastics to determine if notched Izod data obtained at various temperatures and modifier concentrations could be correlated with particle size or surface-to-surface interparticle distance of the modifier. Elastomers evaluated were characteristic of those used in commercial blend systems for those polymers, and both functionalized and nonfunctionalized materials were studied. For the single matrix polymer/elastomer-modified blend systems studied [poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), polyoxymethylene (POM), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)], elastomer interparticle distance provides a better correlation to brittle-tough transition temperature than does particle size, as predicted by the Wu model. In POM, the dispersion morphology of the samples used was not adequate to achieve the critical interparticle distance required for supertoughening at room temperature. In this study, the critical interparticle distance has been shown to depend on the degree of crystallinity (PPS) and the modulus of the impact modifier relative to the matrix (PBT). Actual adhesion of the polymer to the matrix (variation of functionality levels) was not found to have a strong influence (PBT). In POM, the increase in impact at the brittle-tough transition was dependent on the molecular weight of the base resin. This is examined with respect to the ratio of the molecular weight (Mn) to the entanglement molecular weight (Me), which determines the critical molecular weight necessary to achieve useful physical properties. In polyester (PET)/polycarbonate (PC)/elastomer blends, the molecular weight of the primary matrix resin (PET) determined impact properties within the molecular weight range of the resin studied. This was again related to the Mn/Me ratio for PET and PC. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530507
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