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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Direkte Lautheitsskalierung ; Hörfeldskalierung ; Lautheitswahrnehmung ; Recruitment ; Akustikusneurinom ; Key words Category loudness scaling ; Hearing field audiometry ; Sound perception ; Recruitment ; Acoustic neuroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Category loudness scaling was used to investigate the loudness perception of 31 patients with a cochlear hearing loss (Group 1) by comparing the results with those found in 15 patients with retro-cochlear hearing loss caused by an acoustic neuroma (Group 2). Narrow-band noise signals at four different frequencies (0.5 to 4.0 kHz) were used. In the cochlear hearing-impaired subjects the slopes of the level-loudness functions tended to increase with increasing hearing loss, indicating positive recruitment, whereas the much shallower slopes associated with retro-cochlear lesions were presumed to reflect negative recruitment. The graphic representation of the iso-loudness functions revealed a different dynamic range between Group 1 and 2 with the ability to discriminate small differences of stimulus levels reduced in the presence of an acoustic neuroma. Category loudness scaling has been shown to be a valuable tool describing the individual perception of sound in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Furthermore, the method can be employed as an indicator of recruitment without any restrictive preconditions. For this reason the categorial loudness scaling can be a desirable method for supplementing the audiological diagnosis of a retro-cochlear hearing impairment through the frequency-specific description of a usable hearing-field and its dynamic range.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hörfeld- bzw. Hörflächenskalierung erlaubt es, die subjektive Empfindungsgröße „Lautheit” individuell, frequenzspezifisch und quantitativ zu erfassen. Ziel der Arbeit ist, den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Lautheitswahrnehmung bei retrokochleären Läsionen zu ergänzen. Mit Hilfe des Testmaterials der Würzburger-Hörfeldaudiometrie zur kategorialen Lautheitsskalierung wurde die Lautheitsempfindung dreier Probandengruppen miteinander verglichen: 1. kochleäre Hörstörung, 2. intrameatal lokalisiertes Akustikusneurinom, 3. tonaudiometrische Hörschwelle besser als 10 dB. Die Hörfeldskalierung erfolgte jeweils monaural über Kopfhörer für Rauschimpulse der Mittenfrequenzen 500, 1000, 2000 und 4000 Hz im Pegelbereich zwischen 20 und 90 dB HL. Da die Lautheitsurteile primär vom Hörverlust in der Prüffrequenz, jedoch weniger von der Hörminderung in den Nachbarfrequenzen bestimmt sind, wurde die Klassifikation der Skalierungsergebnisse entsprechend dem Hörverlust in der Testfrequenz vorgenommen. Mit zunehmendem kochleären Hörverlust zeigten die gemittelten Pegellautheitsfunktionen in der graphischen Darstellung einen deutlich steileren Verlauf als bei Probanden mit tonaudiometrisch sehr geringem Hörverlust. Dieses Ergebnis kann im Sinne eines Recruitments gewertet werden. Im Vergleich dazu zeigte der Graph der hörverlustbezogenen Pegellautheitsfunktionen bei Akustikusneurinom einen deutlich flacheren Verlauf. In den Isolautheitskurven wurde zudem ein unterschiedlicher Dynamikbereich deutlich: bei bestehender retrokochleärer Läsion war die Diskriminationsfähigkeit kleiner Pegelunterschiede eines Stimulus herabgesetzt. Der klinische Nutzen der Hörfeldskalierung liegt in der Möglichkeit, das Ausmaß eines Lautheitsausgleichs unmittelbar zu erfassen. Bei nachgewiesener retrokochleärer Hörstörung eröffnet sie Möglichkeiten einer differenzierten Beschreibung des überschwelligen Gehörs mit entsprechender frequenzspezifischer Beurteilung der Restdynamik und ergänzt damit das Testrepertoire zur Beurteilung der Hörfähigkeit bei retrokochleären Läsionen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 112 (1999), S. 253-260 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Postural control ; Posturography ; Vestibulospinal examination ; Blood alcohol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The vestibulospinal aspects of vestibular function are commonly neglected in the evaluation of alcohol-induced intoxication. Thus, in the present study the effect of an acute intoxication with a low or moderate quantity of alcohol was examined with respect to the equilibrium in 30 healthy subjects. The blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was measured 30 min after the ingestion of the last alcohol, ranging between 0.22 and l.59‰. Stability of stance was quantified by static platform posturography in Romberg-test conditions with eyes open and eyes closed. Among other parameters, the average body sway path (SP) and area of body sway (SA) were assessed. Posturography revealed a significant increase in body sway. There was a positive correlation between SA (or SP) and BAC both with eyes open and eyes closed. Multiple group comparisons revealed that the large-alcohol-dose group (BAC ≥ 1.0‰) could be clearly differentiated from test cases with BAC lower than 0.8‰. Sway area was the most sensitive parameter for detecting increased body sway after alcohol ingestion. The area increase, present not only with eyes closed but with eyes open, revealed an inadequate compensation of the ethanol-induced ataxia by visual stabilization. The Romberg’s quotient, which denotes eyes closed relative to eyes open, remained constant. The increase in sway path with eyes closed showed an omnidirectional sway. A comparison of the sway pattern of subjects after acute ethanol ingestion with the data of patients with permanent cerebellar lesions suggested that the acute effect of alcohol resembles that of a lesion of the spinocerebellum. This finding contrasts with earlier studies, which postulated an acute effect of ethanol resembling that in patients with an atrophy of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum due to chronic alcohol abuse. In seven cases of the lower dose group (BAC ≤ 0.8‰), a reduction in body sway after alcohol ingestion was observed. This finding may be consistent with a dose-related biphasic action of alcohol, which – besides its well-known depressant effects with high doses – also shows stimulatory action with small doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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