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  • Dynamic visual acuity  (2)
  • Acoustic neuroma  (1)
  • Contralateral acoustic stimulation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Otoakustische Emissionen ; Distorsionsproduktemissionen ; Efferenzen ; Kontralaterale Beschallung ; Key words Distortion product otoacoustic emissions ; Medial olivo-cochlear efferents ; Frequency specificity ; Contralateral acoustic stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are probably based on the motile properties of the cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs), which are richly innervated by medial olivo-cochlear efferent nerves (MOCs). DPOAEs provide a stimulating model for functional exploration of the efferent system. The influences of contralateral acoustic stimulation were studied on the amplitude of ipsilateral DPOAEs at the frequency 2f1-f2. Fifteen ears of adults with normal hearing (7 women, 8 men, mean age; 23.1±4.2 years) were examined. Sound stimulation consisted of exposure to 6 successive series of contralateral pure tones at frequencies between 0.5 and 4.0 kHz and low intensities of 30 dB HL. DP grams were registered with f2 ranging from 708 to 6165 Hz. Contralateral pure tones in the frequency range above 750 Hz and with intensities of 30 dB HL increased the ipsilaterally registered DPOAE amplitudes. The results showed that this increase was frequency specific, at least for frequencies at 1 and 2 kHz. The frequency specificity was especially marked when ipsilateral f2 was near 1 kHz. Contralateral frequencies of 3 and 4 kHz induced a significant, increasing effect, including ipsilateral frequencies around f2=3 kHz (or 4 kHz) and also lower frequencies around f2=1 kHz. Our results support the concept that the observed increase in DPOAE amplitudes is mediated by the medial olivo-cochlear efferent system. The rule of OHCs as a cochlear amplifier in the presence of contralateral low-intensity sound stimulation is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine akustische Stimulation des Gegenohrs entfaltet ihre Wirkung auf die ipsilateral registrierten Distorsionsprodukte otoakustischer Emissionen (DPOAE) wahrscheinlich über Fasern des kreuzenden olivokochleären Bündels (COCB). Dem Einfluß einer kontralateralen Beschallung mit Sinustönen unterschiedlicher Frequenz und geringer Lautstärke auf den DPOAE-Pegel wurde bisher nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Während bei 15 beidseits normalhörenden Probanden auf einem Ohr die DPOAE registriert wurden, erfolgte die Beschallung des kontralateralen Ohrs mit einem Sinuston des Hörpegels 30 dB HL. Die Frequenzen der Töne waren 0,5, 0,75, 1, 2, 3 und 4 kHz. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen Pegelzuwachs der DPOAE bei kontralateraler Beschallung mit einem 1, 3- und 4-kHz-Ton im Frequenzbereich von 1 kHz, für die Stimulation mit 3 oder 4 kHz außerdem im Frequenzbereich von 3 bzw. 4 kHz. Der ipsilaterale Pegelzuwachs der DPOAE bei kontralateraler Beschallung mit niedriger Schallintensität steht im Gegensatz zur Pegelreduktion die andere Autoren bei kontralateraler Stimulation mit hohen Schallpegeln beobachteten. Als eine mögliche Ursache der Pegelzunahme wird die Verstärkerfunktion der äußeren Haarzellen bei niedrigen Schallintensitäten diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Direkte Lautheitsskalierung ; Hörfeldskalierung ; Lautheitswahrnehmung ; Recruitment ; Akustikusneurinom ; Key words Category loudness scaling ; Hearing field audiometry ; Sound perception ; Recruitment ; Acoustic neuroma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Category loudness scaling was used to investigate the loudness perception of 31 patients with a cochlear hearing loss (Group 1) by comparing the results with those found in 15 patients with retro-cochlear hearing loss caused by an acoustic neuroma (Group 2). Narrow-band noise signals at four different frequencies (0.5 to 4.0 kHz) were used. In the cochlear hearing-impaired subjects the slopes of the level-loudness functions tended to increase with increasing hearing loss, indicating positive recruitment, whereas the much shallower slopes associated with retro-cochlear lesions were presumed to reflect negative recruitment. The graphic representation of the iso-loudness functions revealed a different dynamic range between Group 1 and 2 with the ability to discriminate small differences of stimulus levels reduced in the presence of an acoustic neuroma. Category loudness scaling has been shown to be a valuable tool describing the individual perception of sound in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Furthermore, the method can be employed as an indicator of recruitment without any restrictive preconditions. For this reason the categorial loudness scaling can be a desirable method for supplementing the audiological diagnosis of a retro-cochlear hearing impairment through the frequency-specific description of a usable hearing-field and its dynamic range.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hörfeld- bzw. Hörflächenskalierung erlaubt es, die subjektive Empfindungsgröße „Lautheit” individuell, frequenzspezifisch und quantitativ zu erfassen. Ziel der Arbeit ist, den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Lautheitswahrnehmung bei retrokochleären Läsionen zu ergänzen. Mit Hilfe des Testmaterials der Würzburger-Hörfeldaudiometrie zur kategorialen Lautheitsskalierung wurde die Lautheitsempfindung dreier Probandengruppen miteinander verglichen: 1. kochleäre Hörstörung, 2. intrameatal lokalisiertes Akustikusneurinom, 3. tonaudiometrische Hörschwelle besser als 10 dB. Die Hörfeldskalierung erfolgte jeweils monaural über Kopfhörer für Rauschimpulse der Mittenfrequenzen 500, 1000, 2000 und 4000 Hz im Pegelbereich zwischen 20 und 90 dB HL. Da die Lautheitsurteile primär vom Hörverlust in der Prüffrequenz, jedoch weniger von der Hörminderung in den Nachbarfrequenzen bestimmt sind, wurde die Klassifikation der Skalierungsergebnisse entsprechend dem Hörverlust in der Testfrequenz vorgenommen. Mit zunehmendem kochleären Hörverlust zeigten die gemittelten Pegellautheitsfunktionen in der graphischen Darstellung einen deutlich steileren Verlauf als bei Probanden mit tonaudiometrisch sehr geringem Hörverlust. Dieses Ergebnis kann im Sinne eines Recruitments gewertet werden. Im Vergleich dazu zeigte der Graph der hörverlustbezogenen Pegellautheitsfunktionen bei Akustikusneurinom einen deutlich flacheren Verlauf. In den Isolautheitskurven wurde zudem ein unterschiedlicher Dynamikbereich deutlich: bei bestehender retrokochleärer Läsion war die Diskriminationsfähigkeit kleiner Pegelunterschiede eines Stimulus herabgesetzt. Der klinische Nutzen der Hörfeldskalierung liegt in der Möglichkeit, das Ausmaß eines Lautheitsausgleichs unmittelbar zu erfassen. Bei nachgewiesener retrokochleärer Hörstörung eröffnet sie Möglichkeiten einer differenzierten Beschreibung des überschwelligen Gehörs mit entsprechender frequenzspezifischer Beurteilung der Restdynamik und ergänzt damit das Testrepertoire zur Beurteilung der Hörfähigkeit bei retrokochleären Läsionen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 193-198 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Linear acceleration ; Inter-aural axis ; Visual ; vestibular interaction ; Dynamic visual acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated visual-vestibular interactions during linear acceleration along the inter-aural axis. Eighteen healthy volunteers and two patients with central neurological diseases were subjected to transaural linear acceleration in the direction of gravity force (frequency: 0.5–1.5 Hz; amplitude: 5 cm). During linear acceleration, eye movements were recorded under three test conditions: eyes closed (EC), while staring at an imaginary target (IT) and during the testing of dynamic visual acuity (DVA). As parameters of evaluation we used the amplitude of horizontal eye movements, phase shift and the decrease of DVA threshold (DVAT). Under all test conditions, eye amplitude increased with rising stimulus frequency and exceeded, especially in the higher frequency range, a hypothetically calculated eye amplitude for smooth pursuit. The combination of a visual and vestibular input (DVA and IT) led to a better compensation (lower phase shift) than under vestibular stimulation alone (EC). Eye movements during low-frequency stimulation depended more on the visual system while responses in the higher frequency range were mainly triggered by the otolith organ. At 1.5 Hz the compensatory function of the visual-vestibular system was limited (rising phase shift) and DVAT decreased even in a significant number of healthy subjects. Patients with diseases of the central nervous system showed a higher phase shift and thus a stronger decrease of DVAT (two levels) already at a stimulus frequency of 1.25 Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 485-489 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Alcohol ; Dynamic visual acuity ; Vertical linear acceleration ; Maculo-ocular-reflex ; Vertical body-movements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visual orientation is the most important sensory input during locomotion (e.g. walking, driving a car, riding a bicycle). We investigated dynamic visual acuity (DVA) during vertical body-oscillations (amplitude 5 cm; frequency 1.5 Hz) in 12 healthy subjects before and twice after ethanol consumption. During oscillation, vertical eye movements were recorded under two test conditions: with eyes closed (EC) and during DVA testing. A significant increase in vertical eye-amplitude after ethanol ingestion occurred only during EC tests, as a possible sign of vestibular hyperreaction. During vestibular stimulation alone (EC), ethanol did not affect the phase shift between stimulus and eye movements. However, when the subjects were given an additional visual stimulus (DVA), the post-alcohol phase shift rose significantly. Surprisingly, the post-alcohol phase shift values for the two test conditions showed no significant differences. After ethanol ingestion we found no changes in static visual acuity but a significant loss of DVA. Volunteers with a change of DVA threshold (DVAT) showed significantly (P = 0.004) higher post-alcoholic changes in the phase shift. In summary, low doses of ethanol disturbed the visually guided oculomotor response during fixation of an earth-fixed target while the observer was subject to linear vertical acceleration. This effect led to an increasing delay between the beginning of body and eye movements. The consequence was an increasing phase shift and thus a decrease in DVA during whole-body oscillation which was comparable to movements during human locomotion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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