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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harmaline induced tremor III. A combined simple units, horseradish peroxidase, and 2-deoxyglucose study of the olivocerebellar system in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1984), S. 128-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Harmaline tremor ; Cerebellum ; Inferior olive ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Purkinje cells were recorded extracellularly and mapped in the cerebellar cortex of the rat under tremogenic doses of harmaline. Four différent types of responses were encountered, of which two were considered as being responsible for the harmaline tremor. The latter had a regular firing pattern of complex spikes at 5 to 10 Hz and were mostly found in the vermis. Their number decreased in the more lateral region of the cerebellar cortex until they eventually disappeared. Horseradish peroxidase was injected into all the areas of the cerebellar cortex containing Purkinje cells with harmaline-induced activity. Labeled neurons were in all cases traced to the medial accessory olive. The metabolic activity of the inferior olive under harmaline was measured with 2-deoxyglucose. Increased labeling was only found in the medial accessory olive. Such an increase was demonstrated as being due to a direct effect of the drug on the inferior olivary neurons, indicating that the medial accessory olive is responsible for the harmaline tremor in the rat. Our results point out that, in the rat, there is an inverse relationship between serotoninergic innervation of a region in the inferior olivary nucleus and that with harmaline sensitivity, therefore a serotoninergic mechanism hypothesis for the harmaline tremor needs further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231139
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebellar output response to afferent stimulation: Energy consumption and unit activity in the cat fastigial nucleus (1983)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 52 (1983), S. 400-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebellum ; Fastigial nucleus, [14C]-2-deoxyglucose ; Unit activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cerebellar output function was studied using cerebellopetal proprioceptive stimulation hich produces simple and complex excitatory discharges as well as inhibitory activity in the Purkinje cells. The activity of the intracerebellar nuclei (and of the entire brain stem) was measured by the energy consumption as revealed with the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose method. The stimulations consisted of repetitive (1–20 c/s) electrical excitation of the nerve leading to the inferior oblique, to the masseteric and to the gastrocnemius soleus muscle. Compared to a group of non-stimulated controls, heavy bilateral labeling was obtained in the posterior pole of the fastigial nucleus. This was not observed with stimulation of the vibrissal pad which, however, produced a clear increase of [14C]-2-deoxy glucose uptake in the secondary trigeminal complex. Labeling of the posterior part of the fastigial nuclei was suppressed by ablation or pharmacologic inactivation of the overlying cerebellar cortex which suppresses the inhibitory activity of the Purkinje cells into the nuclear cells. Labeling of the posterior fastigial nuclei was also decreased in animals not stimulated but with ablation or pharmacologic inactivation of the overlying cerebellar ortex. The hypothesis proposed is that the marking results are the consequence of an increased activity in the Purkinje cell terminals. The activity of the Purkinje cells was also recorded extracellulary both before and during repetitive stimulation of a muscle nerve. The discharge activity of those in the cerebellar vermis and giving axons to the posterior fastigial nucleus was increased by the stimulation, whereas the activity of those of the hemispheral parts remained unchanged. Units in the fastigial nucleus were also recorded. Their activity was found to be deeply depressed so that only a few units were encountered and no further decrease of their discharge could be detected with the stimulation of a muscle nerve. Nevertheless, using the present data and those previously obtained, the conclusion is advanced that the cerebellar output function is actually decreased during afferent cerebellar stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238033
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the maize transposonsActivator andDissociation to show that phosphinothricin and spectinomycin resistance genes act non-cell-autonomously in tobacco and tomato seedlings (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 63-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: transposon ; Activator ; Dissociation ; cell-autonomous ; spectinomycin ; tomato ; phosphinothricin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-autonomous genes have been used to monitor the excision of both endogenous transposons in maize andAntirrhinum, and transposons introduced into transgenic plants. In tobacco andArabidopsis, the streptomycin phosphotransferase (SPT) gene reveals somatic excision of the maize transposonActivator (Ac) as green sectors on a white background in cotyledons of seedlings germinated in the presence of streptomycin. Cotyledons of tomato seedlings germinated on streptomycin-containing medium do not bleach, suggesting that a different assay for transposon excision in tomato is desirable. We have tested the use of the spectinomycin resistance (SPEC) gene (aadA) and a Basta resistance (BAR) gene (phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, or PAT) for monitoring somatic excision ofAc in tobacco and tomato. Both genetic and molecular studies demonstrate that genotypically variegated individuals that carry clones of cells from whichAc orDs have excised from either SPEC or BAR genes, can be phenotypically completely resistant to the corresponding antibiotic. This demonstrates that these genes act non-cell-autonomously, in contrast to the SPT gene in tobacco. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969379
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the chromosomal distribution of transposon-carrying T-DNAs in tomato using the inverse polymerase chain reaction (1994)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 242 (1994), S. 573-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Tomato ; Agrobacterium T-DNA ; Inverse PCR ; Activator ; Transposon tagging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We are developing a system for isolating tomato genes by transposon mutagenesis. In maize and tobacco, the transposon Activator (Ac) transposes preferentially to genetically linked sites. To identify transposons linked to various target genes, we have determined the RFLP map locations of Ac- and Dissociation (Ds)-carrying T-DNAs in a number of transformants. T-DNA flanking sequences were isolated using the inverse polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) and located on the RFLP map of tomato. The authenticity of IPCR reaction products was tested by several criteria including nested primer amplification, DNA sequence analysis and PCR amplification of the corresponding insertion target sequences. We report the RFLP map locations of 37 transposon-carrying T-DNAs. We also report the map locations of nine transposed Ds elements. T-DNAs were identified on all chromosomes except chromosome 6. Our data revealed no apparent chromosomal preference for T-DNA integration events. Lines carrying transposons at known map locations have been established which should prove a useful resource for isolating tomato genes by transposon mutagenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285281
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of block copolymers in solution: Tree approximation (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 57 (1989), S. 1069-1098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Block copolymers ; generating function ; Polya's theorem ; gelation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We determine the statistical properties of block copolymer complexes in solution. These complexes are assumed to have the topological structure of (i) a tree or of (ii) a line-dressed tree. In case the structure is that of a tree, the system is shown to undergo a gelation transition at sufficiently high polymer concentration. However, if the structure is that of a line-dressed tree, this transition is absent. Hence, we show the assumption about the topological structure to be relevant for the statistical properties of the system. We determine the average size of the complexes and calculate the viscosity of the system under the assumption that the complexes geometrically can be treated as porous spheres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of block copolymers in solution: A graph-theoretical approach (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 57 (1989), S. 1099-1122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Block copolymers ; generating function method ; Polya's theorem ; gelation ; nonnested structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We determine the statistical properties of block copolymers in solution. These complexes are assumed to have the topological structure of connected graphs with “nonnested” loops and cycles. The generating function method is used to determine the number of topologically different complexes containing a given number of block copolymers. It is shown that at sufficiently high concentration the system undergoes a transition to a gel phase. Furthermore, the average number of polymers per complex is calculated. Finally, the relative increase in viscosity is found under the assumption that the complexes can be treated as porous spheres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020050
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dialysis fermentation. III. Anomalous inhibition of threonine biosynthesis in an auxotrophic mutant of Escherichia coliArticle No. 4979, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 603-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dialysis was attempted as a means to alleviate the product-activated controls presumed to limit the formation of threonine by an auxotrophic mutant of Escherichia coli strain W. The occurrence of inhibition rather than enhancement of yields by dialysis was traced to the fact that threonine actually was not inhibiting its own synthesis. Instead, α,ε-diaminopimelic acid became depleted, but the imbalance could not be corrected by exogenous replacement.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dialysis fermentation. I. Enhanced production of salicylic acid from naphthalene Pseudomonas fluorescensArticle No. 4977, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 577-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The conversion of naphthalene to salicylic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied as a model for dialysis fermentation. In a demonstration experiment, the continual removal of the product by dialysis and by intermittent replenishment of the dialysate reservoir caused cyclical changes in the concentrations of viable cells and product. The cumulative total amount of both cell mass and salicylate, however, continued to increase steadily until the experiment was terminated after 15 days. At this time the rate of product formation was highest and still increasing, although less than 10% of the cells were viable. The terminal amount of salicylate was about 20-fold greater than the maximum reached in the control fermentation, and was calculated to be 2.6-fold more productive even if the control were optimally recycled. Methods were projected to achieve still further improvements.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of alkylbenzenes on n-alkane utilization (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 441-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been shown that alkylbenzenes which do not support growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exert a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the utilization of n-alkanes by this organism. The effect is a function or the number of methyl substitutions to the benzene ring and the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbon. The alkylbenzenes have been shown to exert the stimulatory and inhibitory effect, on all phases of growth. The data suggests different mechanisms involved in the inhibition by benzene and p-xylene but a similar mechanism by all of the stimulatory compounds. Warburg data demonstrates changes in the rate of oxygen uptake in the presence of trimethylbenzene at different stages of the fermentation. The release of water soluble material in the presence of trimethylbenzene suggests a permeability effect on the cells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110315
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship of substrate, growth rate, and maintenance coefficient to single cell protein production (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various organic compounds were assessed as potential substrates for single cell protein production. Substrate evaluation was based on the costs associated with the substrate, oxygen, and heat yield coefficients: Ysub, Yo, and Ykcal, respectively. Yo, and Ykcal, were calculated from experimental values of Ysub, and from the elemental composition of bacterial cells. The dependence of the yield coefficients on the specific growth rate (μ) and maintenance coefficient (m) also was assessed. The analysis disclosed that m caused two- to threefold variations in the yield coefficients as μ was increased from 10% to 100% of μmax. The effect of different m values at constant specific growth rates also was determined. The value of m had a significant effect on the yield coefficients even at high specific growth rates. Assignment of cost factors to the yield coefficients provided an estimation of the impact m and μ on biomass production costs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260150109
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