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  • Light-sensitivity  (3)
  • Addition lines  (2)
  • Battered child syndrome  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 94 (1985), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Infant skull fractures ; Biomechanical fragility ; Battered child syndrome ; Schädelfraktur, Säuglinge ; Biomechanische Fragilität ; Kindesmißhandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Fortführung früherer experimenteller, postmortaler Schädelbruchverletzungen von Säuglingen nach Stürzen aus 82 cm Höhe wurden weitere 35 Sturzversuche durchgeführt, so daß insgesamt Ergebnisse von 50 Fällen vorliegen. Bei je 5 Sturzversuchen auf harten Untergrund — (Steinkachelboden, Teppichboden und Linol-Schaumstoff) — waren in allen Fällen Kalottenfrakturen entstanden. Bei den 35 Sturzvorgängen auf weich gepolsterten Untergrund — (Schaumstoffmatte, Kamelhaardecke) — traten bei 5 Fällen gleichartige Frakturen auf, die im Os parietale lokalisiert waren. In dieser Region besteht bis zum späten Säuglingsalter wegen primärer Einschichtigkeit der Ossifikation, noch fehlender Diploe und Vaskularisation eine besondere Prädilektionszone für Bruchverletzungen nach stumpfer Gewalt, insbesondere bei Sturz auf den Kopf. Diese Untersuchungsergebnisse haben somit bestätigt, daß nach angeblichen Sturzvorgängen aus Wickeltischhöhe die Annahme der Unversehrtheit des Säuglingsschädels nicht berechtig ist.
    Notes: Summary Following previous experiments on postmortem skull fractures of infants, falls from 82-cm heights onto stone (A), carpet (B) and foam-backed linoleum (C), 35 further falling tests were carried out onto softly cushioned ground. In 10 cases a 2-cm thick foam rubber mat (D) was chosen and in 25 further cases a double-folded (8-cm-thick) camel hair blanket (E). Hence the results of altogether 50 tests could be evaluated. In test groups A–C on a relatively hard surface, skull fractures of the parietale were observed in every case; in test group D this fracture was seen in one case and in test group E in four cases. Measurements along the fracture fissures showed bone thicknesses of 0.1–0.4 mm. The fracture injuries originated in paper-thin single-layer bone areas without diploe, which can also be considered the preferred regions for skull fractures of older infants following falls from low heights. These results indicate that it is no longer possible to assume that the skull of infants is not damaged after falls from table height.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 92 (1984), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Infant skull fractures, experimental study ; Battered child syndrome ; Schädelfraktur, Säuglinge ; Sturzhöhe ; Kindesmißhandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach pädiatrischen Untersuchungen sollen Stürze aus Standhöhe zu Schädelfrakturen des Säuglings führen können und meist symptomlos bleiben. Fast jeder Säugling hat einen oder mehrere Stürze aus „niedriger Höhe“, z. B. aus dem Kinderwagen, vom Wickeltisch, von der Treppe etc., erlitten. Unter den forensischen Aspekten der Aufsichtspflichtverletzung, der Kindesmißhandlung bzw. der Kindestötung stellt sich für den Rechtsmediziner oft die Frage, ob Schädelbrüche beim Säugling tatsächlich bei angeblich geringen Fallhöhen entstehen können. In 3 Testserien (à 5) ist der Sturz aus 0,82 m im freien Fall 1) auf Stein-Kachelboden, 2) auf Teppichboden, 3) auf Linol-Schaumstoffboden erfolgt. Nach den Obduktionsbefunden sind in allen Fällen Schädelbrüche entstanden, unabhängig von der Beschaffenheit des Bodens. In 3 Fällen haben die Bruchlinien die Schädelnähte überschritten. Fazit: 1. Bei Stürzen aus Wickeltischhöhe ist prinzipiell mit Brüchen des Säuglingsschädels zu rechnen. 2. Bei dem Verdacht einer Kindesmißhandlung bleibt letztlich der Gesamtaspekt entscheidend.
    Notes: Summary According to pediatric statements, falls from a standing position may cause skull fractures in infants without specific symptoms. Nearly every infant has at some time fallen from the changing table or the baby carriage, etc. From the forensic aspect it is the duty of experts to discuss the “battered child syndrome.” Evidence given by the defendants concerning the height of the fall are unreliable. Experimental test series concerned with the stumbling height (82 cm in free fall) and three various types of floor—stone, carpet, and foam-backed linoleum—were carried out. In each case skull fractures were seen. In three cases the fractures crossed the sutures. Conclusions: (1) Each fall of an infant from the height of a table may cause a skull fracture, which may lead to death; (2) when child mishandling is suspected, all circumstances must be taken into consideration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Aegilops markgrafii ; Triticum aestivum ; Addition lines ; Chromosome markers ; Homoeology ; Wheat ; Wheat microsatellites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We describe the use of wheat microsatellites for the discrimination of Aegilops markgrafii chromosomes. Twenty out of eighty eight wheat microsatellites (WMS) tested were able to distinguish Triticum aestivum-Ae. markgrafii addition lines. Six, three, three, one and six of 18 WMS can be used as markers for single Ae. markgrafii chromosomes B, C, D, F and G, respectively. Addition line A is not available but additional bands, appearing only in Ae. markgrafii and the T. aestivum-Ae. markgrafii amphiploid and not in any of the available addition lines, indicate that three WMS detect markers for Ae. markgrafii chromosomes A. Addition line E could not be detected by any of the WMS markers applied, although the 20 WMS represented all the homologous groups of wheat. All three WMS located on the short arm of group-2 chromosomes were located on Ae. markgrafii chromosome B; three of four WMS, located on the long arm of wheat group-2 chromosomes, were specific to Ae. markgrafii chromosome G and three of four WMS, specific to group-5 chromosomes, were markers for Ae. markgrafii chromosome C, indicating the homoeology of these wheat chromosome arms with the respective Ae. markgrafii chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Aegilops markgrafii ; Triticum aestivum ; RAPD ; Addition lines ; Leaf rust ; Powdery mildew
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Aegilops markgrafii contains resistance genes to powdery mildew, leaf rust and stripe rust, and also has high crude protein and lysine contents, which can be useful for wheat improvement. These important traits are localized on different chromosomes. Disomic Triticum aestivum-Ae. markgrafii addition lines and euploid introgression lines showing leaf-rust and powdery mildew resistance were screened with RAPDs to detect chromosome-specific markers which can accelerate the breeding process. RAPD markers for all six available disomic addition lines were obtained. The additional chromosomes B, C, D, E, F and G were identified by three, three, three, two, one and seven primers, respectively. All three chromosome-B-specific RAPD markers demonstrated the presence of alien chromatin in the leaf-rust-resistant 42-chromosome introgression lines as well as in the segregating progeny. The three chromosome-C-identifying primers also demonstrated the presence of that chromosome in powdery mildew-resistant euploid introgression lines. The substitution lines (5A)5C and (5D)5C with different genetic backgrounds for both parents, in comparison to the lines mentioned above, showed the chromosome C-specific band with only two of the three primers. The chromosome F-specific primer and a primer evident on all the Ae. markgrafii chromosomes analysed did not generate the expected fragments on the chromosome Fdel addition line, indicating that the markers are located on the deleted part of chromosome F.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 148 (1974), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoeboid pigment cell ; Colour change ; Echinoidea ; Light-sensitivity ; Interference contrast microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pigment cells isolated from the epithelium of the sea urchin Centrostephanus longispinus display light-sensitivity in the same manner as in normal tissue. In complete darkness they have a round to ovoid shape. On illumination a successive extension of pigment-bearing processes can be observed. Darkness leads to a successive retraction of the pseudopodia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 182 (1977), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatophores ; Light-sensitivity ; Granule motion ; Echinoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations in cell shape of the light-sensitive chromatophores of Centrostephanus longispinus are described. Upon illumination a centrifugal pigment movement starts within extremely thin filopodia which radiate from the cell body. With continued pigment migration the cellular processes increase in length and diameter and give the cell an irregular stellate appearance. Pigment movement within the cellular processes is discontinuous in space and time and may occur independently in single filopodia. The motion of single granules shows characteristic features of a saltatory movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 21-33 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Chromatophores ; Light-sensitivity ; Alteration in cell shape ; Microtubules ; Echinoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations in cell shape of the light-sensitive chromatophores of the sea urchin Centrostephanus longispinus were studied by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. Transition of the aggregated to the dispersed state is accompanied by incorporation of vesicles into the membrane of the pigment cell. During dispersion a system of microtubules originating from centriole-like structures is established throughout the stellate cell. Within restricted areas of the cell, cytoplasmic differentiation and condensation is found. The possible functional significance of the findings is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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