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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of mRNA expression of the neurotrophins of the nerve-growth-factor family and their receptors in the septum and hippocampus of rats after transient postnatal thyroxine treatment. II. Effects on p75 and trk receptor expression (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 127 (1999), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Thyroid hormone ; RT-PCR ; p75 receptor ; trkA ; trkB ; trkC ; Septum ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Early postnatal application of thyroid hormones to rats results in morphological changes of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic and the hippocampal mossy fiber systems. Modulation in the expression of either neurotrophins and/or their receptors is postulated to be involved in these effects. In a recent study, we showed that, after thyroxine application, the mRNA expression of neurotrophins of the nerve-growth-factor (NGF) family is significantly upregulated both in septum and hippocampus. To test whether the neurotrophin receptors (the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 and the specific high-affinity receptors trkA, trkB, and trkC) were also affected by hormone administration, newborn rats were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thyroxine until postnatal day 12 (P12) at latest. Control animals received corresponding injections of saline. The pups were sacrificed at defined intervals from P9 to P14. The septal areas and the hippocampi were analyzed using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for quantification of p75, trkA, trkB, and trkC mRNA levels. Analysis of variance over the total investigation period revealed no significant general increases of the gene expressions of either neurotrophin receptor, neither in the septum nor in the hippocampus, although previous results have shown marked changes in neurotrophin levels. On particular postnatal days, significant upregulation could be observed in hippocampus for trkB and trkC. From these and recent data, we conclude that modulation of neurotrophin expression rather than neurotrophin-receptor expression contributes to the morphological modifications within the hippocampal mossy fiber system and the septo-hippocampal cholinergic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050800
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of mRNA expression of the neurotrophins of the nerve growth factor family and their receptors in the septum and hippocampus of rats after transient postnatal thyroxine treatment I. Expression of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin 4 mRNA (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 119 (1998), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Thyroid hormone ; Neurotrophins ; Septum ; Hippocampus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Early postnatal application of thyroid hormones to rats results in morphological changes in septum and hippocampus. Modulation in the expression of either neurotrophins and/or their receptors is postulated to be responsible for these effects. In the present study we tested whether thyroxine administration leads to changes in the expression of neurotrophins of the nerve growth factor (NGF) family. Newborn rats were treated daily with subcutaneous injections of thyroxine until postnatal day (P) 12 at maximum. The pups were killed at defined intervals from P2 to 21. The septal area and the hippocampi were analyzed using the reverse transcriptase-PCR method for quantitation of NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NT-3, and NT-4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. In hippocampus of hyperthyroid rats, as compared to controls, we found higher levels of BDNF and NT-3 mRNA over the total investigation period, whereas in the septum a thyroxine-dependent increase in NT-3 mRNA expression was observed. In addition, significant thyroxine-induced effects were found for all variables (except for NGF in the septum) at particular postnatal days. From these data we conclude that modulation of neurotrophin expression is a possible mechanism for the morphological modifications within the hippocampal mossy fiber system and the septohippocampal cholinergic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of vinblastine on the rat adrenal medulla (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 196 (1979), S. 271-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal medulla (rat) ; Vinblastine ; Ultrastructure ; Catecholamines ; Enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of a single high dose (10mg/kg) of vinblastine (vb) sulfate (“Velbe”, Lilly) on the ultrastructure, catecholamine (CA) content and activity of CA-synthesizing enzymes of the rat adrenal medulla were studied for up to 120h after intravenous injection of the drug. By 1 h, microtubules were virtually absent from chromaffin cells and preganglionic cholinergic axons, and typical paracrystals had appeared inside the nerve fibers. By 16h microtubules were completely reconstituted and paracrystals had disappeared. From 16h onwards, there was an increasing depletion of storage granules from adrenaline (A) — producing cells, which coincided with biochemical determinations showing a reduction of adrenal A to about 40 % of control levels by 48 h, with noradrenaline (NA) remaining in the range of controls. Both A- and NA-storing cells showed an extensive proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Vb caused a marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; +113%) and dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH; +82%) activities after 48 h. Splanchnicotomy completely abolished the vb-mediated increase in TH and DBH activities. A smaller increase (+ 47 %) in enzyme activity was observed with phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT). Vb (10−5M) had no apparent effect on granule content and the amount of rough ER in chromaffin cells, which were cultured for 48 h. The results demonstrate that a single high dose of vb has relatively little short-term effects on the rat adrenal medulla, but causes drastic long-term changes in CA-content and enzyme activities that are mediated by the preganglionic nerves. These changes could be interpreted as an effort to compensate for a loss of CA-stores in peripheral adrenergic nerves (cf. Cheney et al., 1973). The differential long-term effect of vb on adrenal NA and A might be due to the lower induction of PNMT as compared to TH and DBH activities and/or to a preferential release of A versus NA, which may occur at high frequencies of stimulation of the splanchnic nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung von 1,2-Bisalkinylthioether des TetrafluorethansProfessor Ulrich Wannagat zum 65. Geburtstage am 31. Mai 1988 gewidmet (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 560 (1988), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation of 1,2-Bisalkinylthioether of 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethane1,2-Bisalkinylthioether of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane are obtained by known procedures with lithiumalkinylides, prepared in situ, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane-1,2-bissulfenylchloride.The reactions proceed at low temperatures in non polar solvents. 2a-2e are obtained in acceptable yields. The compounds are air stable but moisture sensitive. The products have been characterized on the basis of n.m.r., i.r., and mass spectra.
    Notes: 1,2-Bisalkinylthioether des 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorethans werden nach bekannten Verfahren mit in situ hergestellten Lithiumalkinyliden und 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorethan-1,2,-bissulfenylchlorid 1 erhalten. Die Umsetzungen in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln bei tiefen Temperaturen ergeben die hydrolyseempfindlichen, luftstabilen Verbindungen 2a-2e. Die Produkte werden anhand von NMR-, IR- und Massenspektren charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19885600107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Darstellung, Struktur und Reaktionen von N,N-Difluorsulfonyl-fluoridamidProfessor K.-H. König zum 60. Geburtstage am 30. Mai 1986 gewidmet (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 539 (1986), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, Structure, and Reactions of N,N-DifluorosulfonylfluoridamideFSO2NF2 is obtained in high yield by fluorination of FSO2NH2 at room temperature. The reaction of FSO2NF2 with Et2NH yields FSO2NEt2 and HNF2. The structure of FSO2NF2 was determined by electron diffraction analysis.
    Notes: Die Fluorierung von FSO2NH2 bei Raumtemperatur führt in kurzer Zeit in hoher Ausbeute zu FSO2NF2. Die Umsetzung von FSO2NF2 mit Et2NH liefert FSO2NEt2 und HNF2. Der molekulare Aufbau von FSO2NF2 wurde durch Elektronenbeugung bestimmt. Das Molekül besitzt Cs-Symmetrie. Auffallend ist der relativ lange S—N-Abstand von 175,5(6) pm.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19865390819
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