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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • Rat  (4)
  • Adrenergic innervation  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of the medial geniculate body in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Acoustic startle response ; Prepulse inhibition ; Sensorimotor gating ; Schizophrenia ; Medial geniculate body ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle is the normal reduction in startle response to an intense auditory stimulus when this stimulus is immediately preceded by a weaker prestimulus. Previous studies have shown that several neuroanatomical structures and pathways in the brain are involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition. In the present study, the functional importance of the medial geniculate body (MG) in the modulation of prepulse inhibition was investigated. To this end, in vivo brain microdialysis probes were used to infuse drugs locally into the MG of awake, freely moving rats simultaneously with startle response and prepulse inhibition measurements in the same animals. Intrageniculate infusion of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, significantly reduced prepulse inhibition without affecting baseline startle amplitude. A similar effect was obtained after intrageniculate infusion of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen. In addition, intrageniculate infusion of muscimol, an agonist at the GABAA receptor complex, reduced prepulse inhibition, although this effect was obtained at a higher concentration of the drug compared to that of baclofen. These studies suggest that the MG is involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition and that auditory signals relayed via the MG may be subjected to inhibitory control at this level, involving GABA neurotransmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050824
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phencyclidine-induced disruption of an aversely motivated two-choice successive discrimination in the rat (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 171-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Avoidance ; PCP ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to performed an aversely motivated discriminative task in a shuttle-box. The administration of phencyclidine (PCP), 2 mg kg−1 SC at −20 min, produced disruption of discriminative performance and an increase in intertrial crosses. There were no changes in avoidance performance or in avoidance latency. Pretreatment with haloperidol, 0.1 or 0.2 mg kg−1 SC at −40 min, or remoxipride 8 mg kg−1 IP at −30 min, did not antagonize the PCP-induced disruption of discriminative performance, nor was the PCP-induced increase in number of intertrial crosses antagonized. In fact, there appeared to be a further increase in intertrial crosses, above PCP levels, by haloperidol treatment and this effect was statistically significant after remoxipride treatment. The present results, together with previous observations that alsod-amphetamine disrupts discriminative conditioned avoidance behavior, suggest the possibility that this model could be used in the search for new, non-dopaminergic, antipsychotic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245918
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoamines in rat thyroid parafollicular cells and the effect of vitamin D2-induced degranulation (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 406-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Parafollicular Cells ; Rat ; Normalcalcemia ; Vitamin D2 ; Electronmicroscopy ; Histochemical fluorescence method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thyroid parafollicular cells of normocalcemic and vitamin D2-treated rats were investigated by electron microscopy and with the histochemical fluorescence technique of Hillarp and Falck. Administration of high doses of vitamin D2 caused hypercalcemia and an extensive degranulation of the parafollicular cells. The formation and storage of monoamines in granulated and degranulated parafollicular cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy after injection of monoamine precursors (DOPA, 5-HTP), alone or in combination with Ro 4-4602, nialamide or reserpine. No fluorescence was observed in parafollicular cells of untreated rats. l-DOPA and l-5-HTP (but not the corresponding D-amino acids) were taken up by a process closely linked to the decarboxylation of the amino acids to the corresponding amines (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine). Treatment with vitamin D2 did not seem to affect the formation of amines in the parafollicular cells or the formation and storage of amines in other cell systems investigated. The amine itself (dopamine) was not taken up by the parafollicular cells. In normocalcemic rats, the amine formed was retained in the cytoplasm of the parafollicular cells by a partially reserpine-resistant mechanism. The storage of amines is concluded to occur in association with the calcitonin-containing granules. In parafollicular cells of vitamin D2-treated rats, a certain amount of amine was bound in the cytoplasm in the absence of typical granules. As a considerable amount of calcitonin is known to remain in the thyroid of vitamin D2-treated rats, the present observations may indicate an association between the amine and the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, whether the latter is confined to typical granules or not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00306979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets and modulation of insulin secretion by the sympatho-adrenal system (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 216 (1981), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; Adrenergic innervation ; Insulin secretion ; Chemical sympathectomy ; Adrenalectomy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Morphological changes in the adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets after chemical sympathectomy by use of 6-hydroxydopamine and the influence of the sympatho-adrenal system on insulin secretion were investigated in the mouse and rat. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed a clear-cut reduction in the number of adrenergic nerve fibers in the pancreatic islets 2 days after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine; the reduction was more pronounced in the rat than in the mouse. In the rat, a partial regeneration was seen after 6 weeks. In the pancreas of the mouse, after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a severe damage of unmyelinated nerve fibers was revealed electron microscopically. However, no ultrastructural or immunohistochemical alterations could be demonstrated in the endocrine cells of the islets. 6-Hydroxydopamine induced a depression of basal plasma insulin concentrations in mice and an elevation in rats. Adrenalectomy depressed basal plasma insulin levels in mice. The α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine enhanced insulin secretion in normal mice. The secretory response of insulin to phentolamine was diminished by chemical sympathectomy and almost abolished by adrenalectomy or the combination of chemical sympathectomy and adrenalectomy. Thus, the effect of phentolamine is probably mediated by liberated catecholamines. It is concluded that basal insulin secretion is partially regulated by the sympatho-adrenal system and that species differences exist in this respect. In addition, the results suggest that endogenous catecholamines have the ability to promote insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234541
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-adrenergic insulin release and adrenergic innervation of mouse pancreatic islets (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 73-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Insulin release ; Adrenergic receptors ; Stereospecificity ; Adrenergic innervation ; Electron microscopic autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An investigation of the stereospecificity of β-adrenergic insulin release, its relation to α-adrenergic blockade and the adrenergic innervation of the pancreatic islets was performed in the mouse. It was observed that in vivo β-adrenergic stimulation of insulin release by isopropylnoradrenaline was stereospecific for the L-stereoisomer and selectively blocked by the L-isomer of the β-adrenergic antagonist L-propranolol. D-propranolol had no effect. Pretreatment of mice with a dose of D-isopropylnoradrenaline devoid of insulin releasing activity, slightly increased the subsequent insulin response to a halfmaximal dose of L-isopropylnoradrenaline. Basal insulin secretion was blocked by L-propranolol (β-adrenergic blockade) and increased by phentolamine (α-adrenergic blockade). A β-blocked insulin response to L-isopropyl-noradrenaline could be overcome by α-adrenergic blockade depending on the dose of the β-agonist, suggesting a close association between the adrenergic receptors. The adrenergic innervation of the islet cells was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography after injection of 3H-L-noradrenaline. It was observed that labelled adrenergic nerve terminals were associated with both A1(D-), A2 and B-cells. The nerves were mainly distributed in the periphery of the islets either as single axons or as bundles. The majority of the terminals were associated with A2-cells, the most frequent cell type in the islet periphery. However, in all islets examined terminals were found close to B-cells. Adrenergic terminals often caused indentations in the contour of an islet cell and were separated from the islet cell membrane only by a narrow intercellular space, about 20 nm in width. It is concluded that the islet cells of the mouse are equipped with the morphological substrate for direct adrenergic regulation. Further it is suggested that the B-cell is supplied with L-stereospecific β-adrenergic receptors and that the α- and β-adrenergic receptors are at least partially interrelated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration of press-fit implants in cortical bone: A study on interface kinetics (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 574-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: artificial implants ; calcium phosphates ; titanium ; osteointegration ; arthroplasty ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The early healing phase of hard tissue implants is important to their long-term success. Problems during this phase can result in a so-called primary biological failure. In 24 New Zealand white rabbits, the healing in cortical bone of noncoated TiAlV and cpTi cylinders and of TiAlV cylinders plasma-spray-coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) or fluorapatite (FA) was investigated histologically and histomorphometrically after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. Histomorphometry consisted of bone contact measurements and the use of a new semi quantitative scoring system that discriminated various tissues in contact with the implant. The results demonstrated that the most important parameter in initial implant healing is the bone itself and not the characteristic of the implanted material. For all implants, healing was characterized by a sequence of hematoma formation, bone resorption, and new bone formation where the initial press-fit situation revealed more bone-implant contact than after 7 and 14 days. There were only minor differences between the implant types: the new bone formation directly on the implant surface was qualitatively histologically superior to the CaP-coated implants, but this could be confirmed with the scoring method only for the HA-coated implants. It is concluded that initial press-fit fixation in cortical bone is not an end situation; rather, what happens is that as a result of interface remodeling, early postoperatively implant integration in the bone will decrease temporarily prior to a subsequent phase of new bone formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Biomed Mater Res, 41, 574-583, 1998.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference in tissue response to nitrogen-ion-implanted titanium and c.p. titanium in the abdominal wall of the rat (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 24 (1990), S. 847-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Ion implantation modifies the surface properties of different materials. We have compared the biological properties of titanium implanted with nitrogen with those of pure titanium. Implants were inserted in the abdominal wall of rats. The implants with surrounding tissue were excised after 1 and 6 weeks, and embedded in epoxy resin. The bulk metal was removed electrochemically and the tissue cut for light and electron microscopy. Using this technique the implant surface, formed by a thin oxide layer, remains and appears in sections as a dense line. After 1 week both types of implants were surrounded by a fluid space containing proteins and scattered macrophages but few polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The fluid space was wider around ionimplanted titanium (52 ± 22 μm) than around pure titanium implants (15 ± 3 μm). After 6 weeks the fluid space had largely disappeared around both type of implants. Around pure titanium implants macrophages and fibroblasts, quantified in 1-μm-thick sections in the light microscope, were present in about the same concentration in the inner tissue zone (within 25 μm from the implant surface). Around ion-implanted titanium macrophages predominated in the inner zone and multinuclear giant cells were present in almost all sections. Around both type of implants fibroblasts increased and macrophages decreased with increasing distance from the surface. In the electron microscope macrophages close to the surface of pure titanium were of small size and had an ultrastructure indicating a low activity. Macrophages close to ion-implanted titanium were large and had an active appearance as indicated by the presence of large amounts of endoplasmic reticulum and large Golgi areas in the cytoplasm. Our observations indicate that modification of the surface properties of titanium implants by ion implantation changes the biological properties.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820240705
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bipolarity of duodenal enterochromaffin cells in the rat (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239961
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational Auger depth profiling of a GaAs/AlGaAs multilayer structurePaper presented at the 13th Symposium on Applied Surface Analysis, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 12-14 June 1991. (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 18 (1992), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A superlattice sample consisting of 200 alternating 5 nm layers of GaAs and Al0.45Ga0.55As was analyzed to explore some of the factors affecting depth resolution in rotational depth profiling by AES, including coincidence of sample rotation and probe beam axes, stability of analysis position and probe beam current density. Because of the periodic nature of the layers involved, it was possible to detect very small (〈 2 nm) changes in surface topography. A mathematical model is proposed which explains the unusual features observed in the AES profile.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740180602
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface preparation and spectroscopic analysis of titanium implant materials (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 16 (1990), S. 567-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.7401601119
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