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  • Rat  (4)
  • isopropylnoradrenaline  (3)
  • Adrenergic innervation  (2)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 7 (1971), S. 414-422 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): 5-hydroxytryptamine ; 5-hydroxytryptophan ; monoamine oxidase inhibition ; decarboxylase inhibition ; glucose ; glibenclamide ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; alloxan diabetes ; mouse ; blood glucose ; immunoreactive insulin ; tissue glycogen ; hypoglycaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Chez la souris normale a été étudiéein vivo la signification fonctionnelle du stockage de 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) dans les cellules β du pancréas pour les mécanismes de la sécrétion d'insuline. Un traitement préalable des animaux avec leL-5-hydroxytryptophane (L-5-HTP) a nettement réduit la capacité de sécrétion d'insuline après stimulation par sulfonylurée. Cette inhibition de la sécrétion d'insuline pouvait être évitée par l'administration préalable d'un inhibiteur de décarboxylation d'acide aminé aromatique. D'un autre côté, le traitement préalable avec la nialamide, inhibiteur de la monoamine oxydase, réduisait la sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par sulfonylurée. Le traitement combiné avec la nialamide et leL-5-HTP n'a pas réduit davantage la réponse de l'insuline. Il a été trouvé que la sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par laL-isopropylnoradrénaline (L-IPNA) se réduisait également aprés l'administration préalable deL-5-HTP ou de nialamide, mais, contrairement à la réponse de l'insuline après sulfonylurée, la sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par l'IPNA pouvait être totalement supprimée par le traitement combiné avec la nialamide ou la pargyline et leL-5-HTP. La sécrétion d'insuline provoquée par le glucose n'était influencée de façon significative par aucun des traitements ci-dessus. Le taux basal d'insuline du plasma n'était pas affecté par l'injection deL-5-HTP et n'était pas réduit de façon certaine par le traitement combiné avec l'inhibiteur de la monamine oxydase et leL-5-HTP. Il a été trouvé que le traitement combiné avec l'inhibiteur de la monoamine oxydase et leL-5-HTP provoquait une hypoglycémie profonde à la fois chez la souris normale et chez la souris diabétique par l'alloxane. L'hypoglycémie était accompagnée d'un épuisement du contenu du glycogène du foie et des muscles. Il était possible d'éviter l'hypoglycémie par un traitement préalable avec un inhibiteur de décarboxylation d'acide aminé aromatique. Un traitement combiné avec la pargyline et la 5-HT a provoqué une nette hyperglycémie. — En conclusion: 1. Le taux intracellulaire de la 5-HT dans les cellulesβ du pancréas a la capacité de modifier les mécanismes de la sécrétion d'insuline. 2. L'action hypoglycémique des inhibiteurs de la monoamine oxydase est provoquée par l'accroissement du taux intracellulaire de 5-HT qui s'accompagne d'une nette augmentation de l'utilisation du glucose par les tissus.
    Kurzfassung: Zusammenfassung Es wurde bei normalen Mäusenin vivo die funktionelle Bedeutung der Speicherung von 5-Hydroxytryptamin (5-HT) in den B-Zellen des Pankreas für die Mechanismen der Insulinsekretion untersucht. Eine Vorbehandlung der Tiere mitL-5 Hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) verminderte deutlich die Insulinsekretion nach Stimulation mit Sulfonylharnstoff. Diese Hemmung der Insulinsekretion konnte durch vorherige Behandlung mit einem Hemmer der aromatischen Aminosäurendekarboxylase verhindert werden. Andererseits wurde die durch Sulfonylharnstoff bewirkte Insulinsekretion nach alleiniger Vorbehandlung mit dem Monoamino-oxidasehemmer Nialamid vermindert. Die kombinierte Behandlung mit Nialamid undL-5-HTP hat die Insulinantwort nicht weiter gemindert. Die durchL- Isopropylnoradrenalin (L-IPNA) bewirkte Insulinausschüttung wurde ebenfalls nach einer vorherigen Behandlung mitL-5-HTP oder Nialamid reduziert. Aber im Gegensatz zu der Insulinantwort nach Sulfonylharnstoff konnte die durch IPNA induzierte Insulinausschüttung völlig durch die kombinierte Behandlung mit Nialamid oder Pargylin plusL-5-HTP unterdrückt werden. Die durch Glucose herbeigeführte Insulinausschüttung wurde nicht wesentanimals lich durch eine der oben erwähnten Behandlungen verändert. Die basale Plasmainsulinkonzentration wurde durch dieL-5-HTP-Injektion nicht beeinflußt und war auch nicht wesentlich durch die kombinierte Behandlung mit dem Monoaminooxidasehemmer undL-5-HTP vermindert worden. — Die kombinierte Behandlung mit Monoaminooxidase-Inhibitoren undL-5-HTP erzeugte eine tiefe Hypoglykämie in normalen und alloxandiabetischen Mäusen. Der hypoglykämische Zustand wurde von einem Verschwinden des Leber- und Muskelglykogens begleitet. Die Hypoglykämie konnte durch eine Vorbehandlung mit einem Inhibitor der aromatischen Aminosäuredekarboxilation verhindert werden. Die kombinierte Behandlung mit Pargylin und 5-HT führte zu einer starken Hyperglykämie. — Daraus wurde geschlossen, 1. daß die intrazelluläre Konzentration von 5-HT in den B-Zellen des Pankreas die Fähigkeit besitzt, den Mechanismus der Insulinsekretion zu beeinflussen, 2. daß die hypoglykämische Wirkung der Monoaminooxidase-Inhibitoren durch eine erhöhte intrazelluläre 5-HT-Konzentration erzeugt wird, welche von einer stark erhöhten Glucoseutilisation der Gewebe begleitet wird.
    Notizen: Summary The functional significance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) storage in the pancreatic B cells for insulin secreting mechanisms was studied in normal micein vivo. Pretreatment of the animals withL-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) markedly decreased the insulin releasing capacity after sulphonylurea stimulation. This inhibition of insulin release could be abolished by previous administration of an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation. On the other hand, pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor nialamide alone, decreased sulphonylurea-induced insulin release. The combined treatment with nialamide andL-5-HTP did not further decrease the insulin response. Insulin release induced byL-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA) was also found to diminish after previous administration ofL-5-HTP or nialamide; but, unlike the insulin response to sulphonylurea, insulin release induced by IPNA could be totally suppressed by the combined treatment of nialamide or pargyline andL-5-HTP. Insulin release induced by glucose was not significantly influenced with any of the above treatments. Basal levels of plasma insulin were not affected byL-5-HTP injection, and were not consistently diminished by the combined treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor andL-5-HTP. The combined treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors andL-5-HTP was found to elicit a profound hypoglycaemia in both normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. The hypoglycaemic condition was accompanied by exhaustion of liver and muscle glycogen. The hypoglycaemia could be abolished by previous treatment with an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylation. Combined treatment with pargyline and 5-HT brought about a marked hyperglycaemia. It is concluded that: 1. intracellular levels of 5-HT in the pancreatic B cells possess the ability to modify insulin secreting mechanisms; and 2. the hypoglycaemic action of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is brought about by raised intracellular levels of 5-HT, which is accompanied by a markedly increased glucose utilization by the tissues.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Blood glucose ; glibenclamide ; immunoreactive insulin ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; mouse ; pancreatic islets ; ultrastructure ; vinblastine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The effect of vinblastine in vivo on ultrastructure and insulin releasing capacity of the B-cell was studied in mice. Treatment with vinblastine (1.1 μmole/mouse) resulted in a 75% decrease of the amount of normal microtubules and the appearance of characteristic paracrystals. Basal plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were depressed to about 60% of the control level. The dose-response pattern for insulin release (first phase) following two chemically unrelated insulin secretagogues, the potent sulphonylurea derivative, glibenclamide, and the β-adrenergic agonist L-isopropylnoradrenaline, (L-IPNA), was tested with and without vinblastine pretreatment. The dose-response curves for L-IPNA-induced insulin release in vinblastine-treated and control animals did not deviate significantly from each other, whereas insulin release following glibenclamide was almost totally suppressed by vinblastine except at the lowest dose level. Injection of maximal doses of glibenclamide or L-IPNA did not alter the ultrastructural changes induced by vinblastine in the B-cells. It is suggested that the microtubular system of the B-cell might play a minor role for certain insulin-releasing processes and/or that vinblastine might have other important effects on the insulin secretory machinery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): B-cell ; B-cell granules ; DOPA ; dopamine ; electron microscopic autoradiography ; glibenclamide ; glucose ; insulin secretion ; isopropylnoradrenaline ; mouse
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Accumulation and subcellular localization of dopamine (DA) in pancreatic B-cells and its effects on insulin secretion were investigated in mice following a single injection of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine (L-DOPA). Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that3H-DA formed from administered3H-DOPA was present over B-cells as well as over other types of islet cells. Pretreatment of the animals with a decarboxylase inhibitor greatly reduced the number of autoradiographic grains. In the B-cells the3H-DA-grains were associated with the secretory granules. The location of the label may suggest an incorporation in the periphery of the β-granule, rather than in the dense core, supposed to contain insulin. Accumulation of DA in the B-cells following L-DOPA administration was found to inhibit partially the insulin secretory response to different insulin secretagogues (glucose, glibenclamide and L-isopropylnoradrenaline (L-IPNA)). Treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitor + L-DOPA induced an almost total suppression of L-IPNA-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas glucose-induced insulin release was still only partially inhibited. Pretreatment with a decarboxylase inhibitor abolished the effects of L-DOPA. It is suggested that intracellularly accumulated DA in the B-cell exerts an inhibitory action on insulin releasing mechanisms induced by different secretagogues and that this action might involve interference with a calcium translocation process at the level of the secretory granule.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 171-174 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Discrimination ; Avoidance ; PCP ; Dopamine ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Rats were trained to performed an aversely motivated discriminative task in a shuttle-box. The administration of phencyclidine (PCP), 2 mg kg−1 SC at −20 min, produced disruption of discriminative performance and an increase in intertrial crosses. There were no changes in avoidance performance or in avoidance latency. Pretreatment with haloperidol, 0.1 or 0.2 mg kg−1 SC at −40 min, or remoxipride 8 mg kg−1 IP at −30 min, did not antagonize the PCP-induced disruption of discriminative performance, nor was the PCP-induced increase in number of intertrial crosses antagonized. In fact, there appeared to be a further increase in intertrial crosses, above PCP levels, by haloperidol treatment and this effect was statistically significant after remoxipride treatment. The present results, together with previous observations that alsod-amphetamine disrupts discriminative conditioned avoidance behavior, suggest the possibility that this model could be used in the search for new, non-dopaminergic, antipsychotic drugs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 189-196 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Acoustic startle response ; Prepulse inhibition ; Sensorimotor gating ; Schizophrenia ; Medial geniculate body ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle is the normal reduction in startle response to an intense auditory stimulus when this stimulus is immediately preceded by a weaker prestimulus. Previous studies have shown that several neuroanatomical structures and pathways in the brain are involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition. In the present study, the functional importance of the medial geniculate body (MG) in the modulation of prepulse inhibition was investigated. To this end, in vivo brain microdialysis probes were used to infuse drugs locally into the MG of awake, freely moving rats simultaneously with startle response and prepulse inhibition measurements in the same animals. Intrageniculate infusion of the sodium channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, significantly reduced prepulse inhibition without affecting baseline startle amplitude. A similar effect was obtained after intrageniculate infusion of the GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen. In addition, intrageniculate infusion of muscimol, an agonist at the GABAA receptor complex, reduced prepulse inhibition, although this effect was obtained at a higher concentration of the drug compared to that of baclofen. These studies suggest that the MG is involved in the modulation of prepulse inhibition and that auditory signals relayed via the MG may be subjected to inhibitory control at this level, involving GABA neurotransmission.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 406-425 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Parafollicular Cells ; Rat ; Normalcalcemia ; Vitamin D2 ; Electronmicroscopy ; Histochemical fluorescence method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thyroid parafollicular cells of normocalcemic and vitamin D2-treated rats were investigated by electron microscopy and with the histochemical fluorescence technique of Hillarp and Falck. Administration of high doses of vitamin D2 caused hypercalcemia and an extensive degranulation of the parafollicular cells. The formation and storage of monoamines in granulated and degranulated parafollicular cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy after injection of monoamine precursors (DOPA, 5-HTP), alone or in combination with Ro 4-4602, nialamide or reserpine. No fluorescence was observed in parafollicular cells of untreated rats. l-DOPA and l-5-HTP (but not the corresponding D-amino acids) were taken up by a process closely linked to the decarboxylation of the amino acids to the corresponding amines (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine). Treatment with vitamin D2 did not seem to affect the formation of amines in the parafollicular cells or the formation and storage of amines in other cell systems investigated. The amine itself (dopamine) was not taken up by the parafollicular cells. In normocalcemic rats, the amine formed was retained in the cytoplasm of the parafollicular cells by a partially reserpine-resistant mechanism. The storage of amines is concluded to occur in association with the calcitonin-containing granules. In parafollicular cells of vitamin D2-treated rats, a certain amount of amine was bound in the cytoplasm in the absence of typical granules. As a considerable amount of calcitonin is known to remain in the thyroid of vitamin D2-treated rats, the present observations may indicate an association between the amine and the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, whether the latter is confined to typical granules or not.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 248 (1987), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Enterochromaffin cells ; Serotonin ; Duodenum ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Enterochromaffin cells of the rat duodenum have been studied immunocytochemically by use of a specific antiserum to serotonin. At the light-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity was observed in enterochromaffin cells located in the epithelium of the duodenal mucosa. Most of the serotonin-immunoreactive material was localized to the basal portion of the enterochromaffin cells, but small amounts of immunoreactive material were regularly observed in the apical portion. At the electron-microscopic level serotonin immunoreactivity in enterochromaffin cells was found to be concentrated over the dense cores of the cytoplasmic granules. The majority of these granules was located in the basal cytoplasm of the enterochromaffin cells, but serotonin-immunoreactive granules were also observed in the apical cytoplasm immediately beneath the microvilli. These observations indicate that duodenal enterochromaffin cells are bipolar and that they secrete serotonin both basally, to the circulation, and apically, to the gut lumen. Rat duodenal enterochromaffin cells thus appear to have an exocrine as well as an endocrine function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pancreatic islets ; Adrenergic innervation ; Insulin secretion ; Chemical sympathectomy ; Adrenalectomy ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Morphological changes in the adrenergic innervation of pancreatic islets after chemical sympathectomy by use of 6-hydroxydopamine and the influence of the sympatho-adrenal system on insulin secretion were investigated in the mouse and rat. Fluorescence histochemistry revealed a clear-cut reduction in the number of adrenergic nerve fibers in the pancreatic islets 2 days after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine; the reduction was more pronounced in the rat than in the mouse. In the rat, a partial regeneration was seen after 6 weeks. In the pancreas of the mouse, after administration of 6-hydroxydopamine, a severe damage of unmyelinated nerve fibers was revealed electron microscopically. However, no ultrastructural or immunohistochemical alterations could be demonstrated in the endocrine cells of the islets. 6-Hydroxydopamine induced a depression of basal plasma insulin concentrations in mice and an elevation in rats. Adrenalectomy depressed basal plasma insulin levels in mice. The α-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine enhanced insulin secretion in normal mice. The secretory response of insulin to phentolamine was diminished by chemical sympathectomy and almost abolished by adrenalectomy or the combination of chemical sympathectomy and adrenalectomy. Thus, the effect of phentolamine is probably mediated by liberated catecholamines. It is concluded that basal insulin secretion is partially regulated by the sympatho-adrenal system and that species differences exist in this respect. In addition, the results suggest that endogenous catecholamines have the ability to promote insulin secretion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 73-85 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insulin release ; Adrenergic receptors ; Stereospecificity ; Adrenergic innervation ; Electron microscopic autoradiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An investigation of the stereospecificity of β-adrenergic insulin release, its relation to α-adrenergic blockade and the adrenergic innervation of the pancreatic islets was performed in the mouse. It was observed that in vivo β-adrenergic stimulation of insulin release by isopropylnoradrenaline was stereospecific for the L-stereoisomer and selectively blocked by the L-isomer of the β-adrenergic antagonist L-propranolol. D-propranolol had no effect. Pretreatment of mice with a dose of D-isopropylnoradrenaline devoid of insulin releasing activity, slightly increased the subsequent insulin response to a halfmaximal dose of L-isopropylnoradrenaline. Basal insulin secretion was blocked by L-propranolol (β-adrenergic blockade) and increased by phentolamine (α-adrenergic blockade). A β-blocked insulin response to L-isopropyl-noradrenaline could be overcome by α-adrenergic blockade depending on the dose of the β-agonist, suggesting a close association between the adrenergic receptors. The adrenergic innervation of the islet cells was studied by electron microscopic autoradiography after injection of 3H-L-noradrenaline. It was observed that labelled adrenergic nerve terminals were associated with both A1(D-), A2 and B-cells. The nerves were mainly distributed in the periphery of the islets either as single axons or as bundles. The majority of the terminals were associated with A2-cells, the most frequent cell type in the islet periphery. However, in all islets examined terminals were found close to B-cells. Adrenergic terminals often caused indentations in the contour of an islet cell and were separated from the islet cell membrane only by a narrow intercellular space, about 20 nm in width. It is concluded that the islet cells of the mouse are equipped with the morphological substrate for direct adrenergic regulation. Further it is suggested that the B-cell is supplied with L-stereospecific β-adrenergic receptors and that the α- and β-adrenergic receptors are at least partially interrelated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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