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  • Enzyme Histochemistry  (3)
  • Hydrocephalus  (2)
  • Adult glycogenosis type II  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 367 (1975), S. 181-194 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Malignant Hyperthermia ; Latent Myopathy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die maligne Hyperthermie ist charakterisiert durch einen rapiden Anstieg der Körpertemperatur, Muskelkontraktionen und zunehmende Hypoxie. Sie ist eine moderne Narkosekomplikation mit einem sehr hohen Letalitätsrisiko von über 60%. Da über die morphologischen Veränderungen bei maligner Hyperthermie sehr wenig bekannt ist, wurden an Muskelbiopsien von 3 Patienten mit maligner Hyperthermie und einem sog. Risikopatienten histologische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Histologisch zeigten sich akute Muskelfasernekrosen, außerdem wurden Hinweise für eine latente Myopathie erhoben. Histochemisch ergab sich, daß beide Muskelfasertypen I und II befallen waren. Mit der Phosphorylase-Reaktion konnten auch bei Fasern, die bei üblicher histologischer Bearbeitung unauffällig waren, pathologische Veränderungen nachgewiesen werden. Elektronenmikroskopisch konnten neben einer akuten Rhabdomyolyse eine Erweiterung der Zisternen des sarkoplasmatischen Beticulums und eine eigentümliche Einrollung bzw. Wucherung des Sarkolemms beobachtet werden. Die Befunde unterstützen die pathogenetische Vorstellung anderer Autoren, daß dieses Syndrom, das durch Inhalationsnarcotica und Muskelrelaxantien (Halothan bzw. Succinylcholin) ausgelöst wird, auf der Grundlage eines Defektes caloiumspeichernder Membranen des sarkoplasmatischen Reticulums beruht. Wegen des familiären Auftretens dieser Komplikation sollte angestrebt werden, klinische, laborchemische und morphologische Untersuchungen auch bei den Verwandten solcher Patienten zum Ausschluß einer derartigen latenten Myopathie durchzuführen.
    Notes: Summary Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but severe complication of modern anesthesia, induced by halothane and succinylcholine. The syndrome is characterized by a rapid sustained and extreme rise in body temperature associated with muscular rigidity, tachycardia, tachypnoea and cyanosis. The lethality is about 60%. The present paper describes the histological, histochemical and electron microscopical findings performed on muscle biopsies of 3 patients with malignant hyperthermia (1 patient died) and a so called risk patient. In all patients morphological findings consistent with a pre-existent myopathy were found. Histologioally there were acute necrotic muscular fibers as well as in types I and II, variations in the fiber diameter and centralization of the nuclei. In two cases even fibers that had a normal aspect in HE slides, showed a pathologic pattern after phosphorylase reaction. In addition to acute rhabdomyolysis, electron-microscopic investigations revealed cystic expansion of the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum with a peculiar proliferation of the sarcolemma. In a degenerating mitochondrium, a crystalline inclusion was identified. These findings support the pathogenetic concept of Britt and coworkers of a functional defect in the calcium release or binding mechanism of sareoplasmic reticulum. Since it is known that malignant hyperthermia has a familial predilection, it seems very important that clinical, biochemical, and morphological investigations be performed such as CPK estimations and muscular biopsies not only of the patients but also of the relatives in order to rule out this type of latent myopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 348-353 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neurozystizerkose ; Zerebrale Verkalkungen ; Immuntoleranz ; Hydrozephalus ; Hirninfarkt ; Key words Neurocysticercosis ; Cerebral calcification ; Immuntolerance ; Hydrocephalus ; Cerebral infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A 54-year-old female patient with a 10-year history of ventriculoperitoneal shunt resulting from communicating hydrocephalus of undetermined aetiology is reported. Transient gait disturbances and cerebral infarction at the age of 46 did not lead to further insights into the nature of the disease. After many years with only occasional disturbances, a distinct organic brain syndrome developed. Thorough examination led to a tentative diagnosis of neurocysticercosis; this was based on the history, liquor diagnosis and cerebral microcalcifications in CT. Despite the initiation of specific therapy, the patient died of the sequelae of the disease. At autopsy, characteristic cicatricial residues of mainly basal leptomeningitis were found with collapsed parasitic cysts. Additional intracerebral mesenchymal-glial reactions were less conspicuous. Residual ependymitis had caused aqueductal stenosis. Death was due to cachexia, bronchopneumonia and a lung abscess. The clinical course and morphology of neurocysticercosis are discussed. The disease has become rare in our country, but is globally the most important parasitic disease of the central nervous system.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 54 jährige Patientin mit bereits 10 Jahre altem ventrikuloperitonealem Shunt wegen eines ätiologisch unklaren Hydrocephalus communicans. Eine passagere Gangstörung und ein Hirninfarkt mit 46 Jahren führten zu keiner weiteren Klärung der Krankheitsgenese. Nach langjähriger Zwischenphase mit gelegentlicher Verwirrung der Patientin trat ein ausgeprägtes hirnorganisches Psychosyndrom auf. Eingehende Diagnostik ergab aufgrund der Anamnese, der Liquor- und der CT-Befunde mit nachweisbaren kleinen zerebralen Verkalkungen den Verdacht auf eine Neurozystizerkose. Die Patientin starb trotz eingeleiteter spezifischer Therapie an den Folgen der Erkrankung. Bei der Obduktion zeigen sich charakteristische narbige Residuen einer v. a. basalen Leptomeningitis mit kollabierten Parasitenzysten. Zusätzliche intrazerebrale mesenchymal-gliöse Residuen waren weniger auffällig. Eine abgelaufene Ependymitis war Ursache einer Aquäduktstenose. Todesursache waren eine Kachexie, Bronchopneumonie und ein Lungenabszeß. Diskutiert werden Klinik, Verlauf und Morphologie der Neurozystizerkose, die – bei uns selten geworden – weltweit die wichtigste parasitäre Erkrankung des ZNS darstellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 213 (1976), S. 199-216 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acid maltase deficiency ; Adult glycogenosis type II ; Muscle dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über einen 40jährigen Patienten, der seit 5 Jahren an einer progredienten Myopathie litt und neurologisch das Bild einer atypischen Beckengürteldystrophie bot. Im EMG wurden myotone und pseudomyotone Entladungen beobachtet. Die enzymhistochemischen und elektronenoptischen Untersuchungen der Muskelbiopsien und eines Leberpunktates wiesen auf eine Glykogenose hin; die biochemische Untersuchung bestätigte den Mangel an saurer Maltase. Weitere Literaturfälle von Saure-Maltase-Mangel-Syndrom im juvenilen und Erwachsenenalter wurden überprüft. Es stellt sich heraus, daß mit zunehmendem Alter des Patienten ein fast selektiver Befall der proximalen Muskeln auftritt, was oft Anlaß zur Verwechslung mit anderen sog. degenerativen neuromuskulären Erkrankungen gibt. Bioptische und biochemische Untersuchungen sind daher in solchen Fällen besonders indiziert. Der langsamere Verlauf dieser generalisierten Speicherkrankheit im Erwachsenenalter — gegenüber der rasch verlaufenden infantilen Form (Pompesche Erkrankung) — bleibt ungeklärt.
    Notes: Summary A 40-year-old man suffered for 5 years from a progressive proximal myopathy mimicking an atypical limb-girdle dystrophy. A “myopathic” pattern with myotonic and pseudomyotonic discharges was determined by electromyography. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural investigations of muscle and liver biopsies pointed to a glycogenosis. Biochemical investigations of muscle and liver samples confirmed this diagnosis, disclosing an acid maltase deficiency. Glycogen filled lysosomes were also revealed electron optically in skin fibroblasts but not in white blood cells. The literature concerning the late onset forms of acid maltase deficiency (type II glycogenosis) has been reviewed, and the clinical course has been compared with that of the infantile form (Pompe's disease). In early infancy the disease has a short and fatal course, with involvement of many organs, primarily skeletal muscles, liver and heart. In the late infantile and juvenile forms the course of the disease is slower, the organ involvement beeing not as severe; muscular symptoms begin to prevail. In adults, type II glycogenosis mimics muscular dystrophy with its prolonged course and the almost exclusive clinical involvement of proximal muscles. Biochemical and ultrastructural investigations have nevertheless demonstrated that other organs and tissues are also involved. The reasons for the variability of organ involvements in different ages are as yet unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Sympathetic Ganglioneuroblastoma ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of combined tissue culture, ultrastructural and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on a sympathetic ganglioneuroblastoma are reported.In vitro a vigorous sprouting of newly formed neuritic processes was observed a few days after explantation. The enzymatic reactions for acethylcholinesterase were positivein situ as well asin vitro. The tumor elements showed the ultrastructural characteristics of nerve cells with many microtubuli and filaments, plenty of ribosomes, well developed endoplasmic reticulum. Dense bodies, corresponding to neurosecretion granula (catecholamines) were also observed. Synaptic structures were missing. The results of these investigations confirm that this kind of tumor is different from so-called medulloblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; Tissue Culture ; Electron Microscopy ; Enzyme Histochemistry ; Keratine ; Enamel ; Rosenthal Fibers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron optical and enzyme histochemical investigations carried out on four craniopharyngiomas and their tissue cultures demonstrated that the tumour elements are keratinizing epithelial cells, plenty of tonofilaments, glycogen granules, mitochondria and desmosomes. Their ultrastructural and histochemical characteristics are the same in every part of the tumour (solid; cystic; “adamantinoma-like”). In the keratinizing cells, the reactions for non-specific esterases were high positive. The ultrastructural characteristics of the tumour cells grownin vitro are the same as thosein situ; the cells remain attached to one another by desmosomes and retain their capacity to produce keratine. This therefore seems to be a primary characteristic of the tumour cells and not a secondary dysmetabolic disturbance. Calcium was found onlyin situ. That the tumour cells may produce enamelin situ seems to be possible, but it could not be confirmed with certainty. The glial proliferation which is always presentin situ, is reactive and not neoplastic; thein vitro new built cell colonies consist only of epithelial elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 3 (1987), S. 232-234 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Arachnoid cysts ; Subdural hematoma ; Hydrocephalus ; Peritoneal shunt ; Microsurgical technique ; Congenital lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 11 cases of intracranial, temporal arachnoid cysts the etiology, clinical and radiographic findings, surgical treatment, and outcome are reviewed in respect of post-traumatic subdural hematoma. Cysts of the middle cranial fossa are susceptible to trauma, which may cause bleeding either into the cyst or into the subdural space. Signs and symptoms of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), local neurological deficits, and sometimes epileptic seizures may lead to hospitalization. CT or MRI scans are diagnostic in these cases. In cases of intracranial mass lesion with displacement of the midline structures and increasing ICP, osteoplastic craniotomy is performed and the lateral wall of the cyst is resected down to the tentorial notch by a microsurgical procedure, with opening into the basal cisterns. There were no operative or postoperative complications in 11 consecutive cases. However, one boy required a cystoperitoneal shunt 3 months later as a result of hydrocephalus following subdural hematoma. Asymptomatic arachnoid cysts are discussed with respect to brain function and social behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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