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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polytrauma ; Behandlungskosten ; Key words Multiple trauma ; Cost for
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Treatment costs of emergency therapy, surgery and intensive care were analysed in 20 randomly chosen, representative patients with severe multiple trauma (mean ISS 32 p). For an average stay of about 22.5 days in the ICU, the total costs were DM 106,924.36 (about 70,000 US $), which breaks down as DM 39,635.88 (=37%) for physicians and nurses, DM 67,289.08 (=63%) for materials, X-rays, laboratory investigations, drugs and blood components. The whole treatment caused daily costs of DM 4.752.22, or DM 3.30 per min. The first emergency diagnostic procedures and emergency therapy take a mean of 451.9 min from admission to the beginning of the ICU treatment and itself generates costs of about DM 12,325.99. In Germany a new system of compensation by diagnosis-related group was introduced in 1996. Therefore, these data indicate that treatment of severe multiple trauma is very expensive and trauma care could be economically by damaging for smaller hospitals. We conclude that treatment of multiply injured patients (ISS〉16 p) should be concentrated in selected trauma centres and compensated by payment of a special daily amount of about DM 5,000 (about 3,500 US $).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Unfallchirurg 100 (1997), S. 477-482 
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polytrauma ; Prognose ; Verlauf ; Alter ; Key words Multiple trauma ; Polytrauma ; Outcome-Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Multiple injuries in elderly patients are still a common problem. The present study was performed to investigate mortality and complications in multiple trauma patients aged 65 years or more. A total of 1154 multiple trauma patients with an injury severity score (ISS) of at least 18 points were divided in two age groups: Y: 16 – 64 years, n = 1022; O: 65 – 94 years, n = 132. Older patients were injured as pedestrians in most cases (69%), while younger patients were more frequently injured as car and drivers passengers (41%). ISS was comparable in both groups (Y 28±1, O 27±1). During ICU-therapy incidence of ARDS (Y 10%, O 11%), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MOF; Y 6%, O 9%) and pneumonia (Y 17%, O 21%) were comparable. In contrast, septic complications were more frequent in older patients (Y 19%, O 27%). Length of ICU stay (Y 19±2, O 18±1) and ventilation time (Y 14±2, O 17±1) were comparable. Mortality was significantly higher in older patients (Y 15%, O 53%). The major cause of death was sepsis in older patients (Y 15%, O 31%) and MOF in younger patients (Y 54%, O 29%). In conclusion, older trauma patients had a higher mortality due to the development of septical complications.
    Notes: Die Versorgung polytraumatisierter, älterer Patienten ist aufgrund vielfältiger Probleme besonders aufwendig und mit einer hohen Letalität bei diesen Patienten verknüpft. Der Verlauf und die Prognose älterer polytraumatisierter Patienten sollte durch Vergleich mit jüngeren Patienten untersucht werden. Dazu wurden 2 Gruppen gebildet: Gruppe J: 16 – 64 Jahre, n = 1022, Gruppe A: 65 – 94 Jahre, n = 132. Ältere Patienten wurden häufiger als Fußgänger (69%), jüngere Patienten vor allem als PKW-Insassen (41%) verletzt. Die Verletzungsschwere im ISS (J: 28±1, A: 27±1) war in beiden Gruppen gleich. Im Verlauf traten ARDS (J: 10%, A: 11%), MOV (J: 6%, A: 9%) und Pneumonien (J: 17%; A: 21%) in beiden Gruppen gleichhäufig auf, während septische Komplikationen bei den älteren Patienten signifikant häufiger beobachtet wurden (J: 19%, A: 27%). Ältere Patienten verstarben signifikant häufiger (J: 16%, A: 58%) an der Sepsis (J: 15%, A: 31%), jüngere Patienten dagegen häufiger an den Folgen des Organversagens (J: 54%, A: 29%). Die Intensiv-(J: 19±2, A: 18±1) und Beatmungsdauer (J: 17±1, A: 14±2) war bei den älteren Patienten nicht verlängert. Zusammengefaßt haben ältere Patienten nach schweren Unfallverletzungen bei vergleichbarer anatomischer Verletzungsschwere eine deutlich höhere Letalität als jüngere Patienten, wobei diese auf der Entwicklung septischer Komplikationen beruht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: ARDS ; Alveolar cells ; Bronchoalveolar lavage ; Lung contusion ; Polytrauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine whether alveolar cells are involved in the pathogenesis of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we assessed the distribution and function of alveolar cells from 30 polytraumatized patients with trauma-induced respiratory failure, 5 of whom also had lung contusion. Cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage performed daily begining on the day of trauma and continuing for 14 days. Neutrophils constituted about 60% of lavage cells in ARDS patients with lung contusion 0–2 days after polytrauma and about 50% in ARDS patients without lung contusion. In ARDS patients with lung contusion the neutrophil fraction decreased to 52% 3–6 days after trauma and to 40% 7–14 days after trauma. In patients without lung contusion the neutrophil fraction increased to 77% and then decreased to 60% at these times. Total cell counts in ARDS patients with lung contusion were more than twice as high as in patients without lung contusion 0–2 days after trauma. The difference in total cell counts decreased during days 3–6 and disappeared by day 7. In all patients morphologically altered alveolar cells were observed 4 days and more after trauma. In non-survivors significantly more altered cells were found. The chemiluminescence-response pattern of the alveolar cells was enhanced throughout the study and correlated with the neutrophil fraction (r=0.6). The neutrophil fraction also correlated with the pulmonary vascular resistance during the first two days after trauma (r=0.53). We conclude that alveolar cells are involved in the pathogenesis of trauma-induced ARDS and that the alveolar cell distribution is different in patients with and without lung contusion during the development of posttraumatic respiratory failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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