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  • Alzheimer’s disease  (1)
  • Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation  (1)
  • Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Syndrom ; Hereditäre motorisch-sensible Neuropathien ; CMT ; HMSN ; Key words Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome ; Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common inherited disorder of the peripheral nervous system with an incidence of 40:100,000. Clinically, it is characterized by distal muscle weakness and wasting, primarily of the legs and later of the arms, foot deformity, diminished or absent tendon reflexes, and mild-to-moderate sensory loss. Molecular genetic studies over the past 2 decades have revealed the genetic heterogeneity of this disorder and the identification of different genes or gene loci, respectively. Therefore, a current CMT classification though constantly changing due to ongoing detection of further genetic defects must take into consideration both phenotypic and genotypic criteria. Since certain clinical features appear to be associated with specific genetic subtypes, we provide a detailed description of characteristic phenotypic variants to facilitate differential diagnosis and allow more precise referral to subsequent genetic investigations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Charcot-Marie-Tooth-(CMT-)Syndrom ist mit einer Prävalenz von 40:100000 die häufigste vererbte Erkrankung des peripheren Nervensystems. Hauptmerkmale sind peroneale Muskelschwäche und -atrophie, Fußdeformität, abgeschwächte oder fehlende Reflexe, geringe bis mäßig ausgeprägte Sensibilitätsstörungen und später auch distale Muskelatrophie und -schwäche der oberen Extremitäten. Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte haben gezeigt, daß diese Erkrankung sehr heterogen ist. Der Nachweis einzelner Gendefekte innerhalb vieler Familien hat zu einer Unterteilung in zahlreiche Subtypen des CMT-Syndroms geführt. Die derzeitige Klassifikation der hereditären Neuropathien kann somit nunmehr auf Genotyp und Phänotyp aufbauen. Sie ist allerdings in einem ständigen Wandel begriffen, da weiterhin neue genetische Defekte erkannt und beschrieben werden. Trotz der genetischen Vielfalt erlauben phänomenologische Besonderheiten der Subtypen dennoch häufig eine gewisse Zuordnung zu bestimmten Gendefekten. Diese vorliegende Übersicht charakteristischer Merkmale soll die entsprechende Differenzierung bereits auf klinischer Basis erleichtern und ermöglichen, beim einzelnen Patienten bzw. innerhalb einer Familie eine gezielte genetische Untersuchung zu veranlassen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. 81-87 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Dementia ; Vascular ¶dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Risk factors, stroke ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This review describes differing profiles of vascular risk factors in different types of dementia. Although vascular risk factors are related to various types of strokes, their independent effect on the occurrence of poststroke dementia appears to be small. Various risk factors have been identified for microangiopathy-related cerebral abnormalities, such as white matter changes and lacunae, which are the core lesions for the development of a vascular dementia syndrome without stroke symptoms. Most consistently, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus have been found to be associated with such brain abnormalities. Diastolic blood pressure seems to be of particular importance as recent investigations demonstrate that this factor is related to the course of multiple lacunar strokes and the progression of white matter disease. Epidemiological studies report that various vascular risk factors including arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation may also be associated with Alzheimer’s disease. There is also evidence of a direct relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and general atherosclerosis. Further investigations are needed to determine whether these associations are due to the weakness of diagnostic criteria, or whether vascular risk factors indeed modulate the clinical expression of primary degenerative dementia. Common susceptibility genes leading to shared risk factors may be one of the reasons for a higher coincidence of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia than can be expected by chance. A modulatory effect of vascular risk factors in the development of primary degenerative dementia may extend treatment options.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Multiple sclerosis ; Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation ; Consensus guidelines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent reports suggest the possible beneficial effects of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The definition of the risk/benefit ratio for such a treatment is perceived as a major issue for the neurological community worldwide. The First Consensus Conference on Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis was held in Milan, Italy on 21 February 1998. Participants from 16 European, North American, and South American countries discussed the guidelines form performing HSCT in MS. This conference was organized in order to : (a) define criteria for patient selection; (b) define transplantation procedures to maximize efficacy of the treatment and minimize its toxicity; (c) standardize patient outcome evaluation; and (d) establish an international working group to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HSCT in MS and to study the immunological changes related to HSCT in MS patients. During the meeting in Milan agreement was reached on: (a) the preparation and distribution of a consensus report on HSCT in MS and (b) the design of an open trial for an initial assessment of the safety and efficacy of HSCT in MS. The consensus reached during the meeting and the design of the clinical trial are summarized in this contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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