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  • Engineering General  (18)
  • open boundaries  (2)
  • Anal sonography  (1)
  • Berufsrolle  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 1037-1041 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anorectal manometry ; Transcutaneous electromyography ; Anal sonography ; Defecation disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: A direct comparison of anal sphincter physiology (muscle performance and anatomy-muscle thickness) has not yet been undertaken but may be of importance in patients with defecation disorders. METHODS: We evaluated 15 healthy volunteers by means of anorectal manometry to determine pressure functions of the internal and external anal sphincter. Transcutaneous electromyography was recorded to assess the electrical activity of the external anal sphincter. Thickness of the anal sphincter muscles was measured sonographically from within the anal canal with dorsal projection using a 7.5-MHz 360° rectal panorama scanner. RESULTS: It was shown that neither is the muscle thickness of the external anal sphincter during rest (6.26±1.02 mm) or during squeezing (7.40±1.39 mm) correlated to its squeeze pressure (138.8±15.2 mmHg), nor is the diameter of the internal anal sphincter (2.09±0.58 mm) correlated to its resting pressure (61.1±15.2 mmHg). Finally, the thicker the internal anal sphincter muscle, the lower the electrical activity of the external anal sphincter during squeezing (r=0.74,P 〈0.001). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that both manometry to assess sphincter function and sonography to determine sphincter morphology are important measures in the evaluation of continence function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite elements ; fluid flow ; open boundaries ; Sommerfield boundary conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We examine a method to impose boundary conditions on arbitrary boundaries, introduced to make domains of infinite extent finite for the purpose of numerical calculations, when a finite element discretization based on linear, bilinear or trilinear elements is used, in one, two or three dimensions, respectively. In particular, we look at the so-called ‘free’ boundary condition, which consists in retaining the boundary integrals generated by the weighted-residuals formulation along the open boundaries and adding them to the stiffness matrix. We show that this procedure is exactly equivalent to imposing on the boundary nodes a Sommerfeld radiation condition in one dimension, and a slightly modified form of the Sommerfeld boundary condition in two and three dimensions. We also show that the procedure is not applicable to the purely elliptic case.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychotherapeut 43 (1998), S. 171-178 
    ISSN: 0935-6185
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychotherapeutische Versorgung ; Psychosomatische Rehabilitation ; Qualitätssicherung ; Berufsrolle ; Key words Psychotherapeutical care ; Psychosomatic rehabilitation ; Quality assurance ; Role of the physician
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany inpatient psychotherapy generally takes place in special psychosomatic hospitals. Their aims are often not clear, just as their place in the whole system of medical care. Although most of them are rehabilitation hospitals from a juridical point of view, they are many times defined as specialised hospitals which do not differentiate between treatment and rehabilitation. This lack of clear definition leads to a number of structural conflicts which largely influence the staff’s scope of action and the therapeutic work. In psychosomatic rehabilitation the doctor is taking over three social roles: the role of physician, the role of psychotherapist and the role of the expert in social medicine towards the social security institution. These social roles can be understood as a complex of behavioral expectations arising from different reference systems (social security-, hospital-, treatment-, patient-system) directed towards the social position of the doctor. Within his social position the doctor is thereby involved into certain conflicts. This article will analyze the described structural problems and try to contribute to further development of the concepts in psychosomatic rehabilitation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit stationärer Psychotherapie erfolgt in Deutschland überwiegend in „Psychosomatischen Fachkliniken”. Deren Zielbestimmung ist oft unklar, wie überhaupt ihre Stellung im Gesamtsystem der gesundheitlichen Versorgung. Obwohl sie von ihrem (juristischen) Status her in der Regel Rehabilitationskliniken sind, verstehen sie sich vielfach als Fachkliniken, in denen zwischen Behandlung und Rehabilitation nicht unterschieden wird. Diese Unklarheiten führen zu mannigfaltigen strukturellen Konflikten, die den Handlungsspielraum der in ihnen Tätigen wesentlich mitbestimmen und die therapeutische Arbeit beeinflussen. Das gilt insbesondere für den Arzt, der in der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation drei soziale Rollen übernimmt: die des Körperarztes, die des Psychotherapeuten und die des sozialmedizinischen Sachverständigen gegenüber der Rentenversicherung. Zwischen diesen sozialen Rollen als einem Komplex von Verhaltenserwartungen aus unterschiedlichen Bezugssystemen (Sozialversicherungs-, Kliniks, Behandlungs-, Patientensystem) an die soziale Position des Arztes kommt es zu bestimmten Konflikten. Dies wird als Beitrag zur konzeptuellen Weiterentwicklung der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation näher analysiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 30 (1990), S. 349-361 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The calculation of pressures when the penalty function approximation is used in finite element solutions of laminar incompressible flows is addressed. A Poisson equation for the pressure is formulated that involves third derivatives of the velocity field. The second derivatives appearing in the weak formulation of the Poisson equation are calculated from the C0 velocity approximation using a least squares method. The present scheme is shown to be efficient, free of spurious oscillations, and accurate. Examples of applications are given and compared with results obtained using mixed formulations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 1343-1343 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 153-155 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 131-143 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1041-1052 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1705-1711 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In one dimension, Petrov - Galerkin nonsymmetric weighting for the convective diffusion equation can be interpreted as an added dissipation. The addition of an appropriate amount of dissipation can therefore give the same oscillation-free solutions as the ‘unwinding’, Petrov - Galerkin, finite element methods. The ‘balancing dissipation’ is optimally chosen so that excessive dissipation does not occur. A scheme is presented for extending this approach to two-dimensional problems, and numerical examples show that the new method can be used with improved computational efficiency.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1408-1412 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Pontriagin-Vitt equation governing the mean of the time of first passage of a randomly accelerated particles has been studied extensively by Franklin and Rodemich.1 In their paper is presented the analytic solution for the two-sided barrier problem and solutions by several finite difference procedures.This note demonstrates solution of the problem by a Petrov-Galerkin finite element method using upstream weighting functions,2 shown to give rapidly convergent results. In addition, the equation is generalized to include higher statistical moments, and solutions for the first few ordinary moments are reported.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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