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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (16)
  • Sampling techniques  (3)
  • Enantiomeric separation  (2)
  • Liver  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different effects of early endotoxaemia on hepatic and small intestinal oxygenation in pigs (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 795-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Lipopolysaccharide ; Liver ; Small intestinal serosa and mucosa ; Tissue oxygen tension ; Acid ; base balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Objective:  Study on simultaneous O2 supply/uptake relationships in liver and gut during endotoxaemia, to determine whether signs of dysoxia develop uniformly in the splanchnic region. Design: Animal study to assess the early effects of endotoxaemia on oxygenation of both liver and small intestine. Interventions: Eight anaesthetized pigs received a continuous portal venous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 μg⋅kg-1⋅h-1) for 6 h. Systemic, pulmonary and splanchnic haemodynamics as well as systemic and splanchnic O2 supply/uptake relationships were determined. Results: There was a multiphasic haemodynamic response pattern characterized by an early (within the 1st h) and a subsequent more prolonged phase (between the 2nd and 6th h) of decreases and recovery of hepatic arterial, portal venous and superior mesenteric arterial blood flows (electromagnetic flow probes) and splanchnic O2 deliveries. Unrelated to perfusion pressure and O2 delivery, there were early and sustained decreases in ileal mucosal surface partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) (multiwire PO2 electrode) and pH (tonometry). This was not reflected by ileal serosal surface PO2, O2 uptake and arteriomesenteric venous pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) gradients. There was little evidence of concomitant hepatic dysoxia as evaluated by surface PO2. Conclusions: The study demonstrates early and sustained regional (mucosa) intestinal hypoxia with little evidence of simultaneous hepatic dysoxia during initial endotoxaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709523
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different effects of early endotoxaemia on hepatic and small intestinal oxygenation in pigs (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 795-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Lipopolysaccharide ; Liver ; Small intestinal serosa and mucosa ; Tissue oxygen tension ; Acid-base balance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Study on simultaneous O2 supply/uptake relationships in liver and gut during endotoxaemia, to determine whether signs of dysoxia develop uniformly in the splanchnic region. Design Animal study to assess the early effects of endotoxaemia on oxygenation of both liver and small intestine. Interventions Eight anaesthetized pigs received a continuous portal venous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 μg·kg−1·h−1) for 6 h. Systemic, pulmonary and splanchnic haemodynamics as well as systemic and splanchnic O2 supply/uptake relationships were determined. Results There was a multiphasic haemodynamic response pattern characterized by an early (within the 1st h) and a subsequent more prolonged phase (between the 2nd and 6th h) of decreases and recovery of hepatic arterial, portal venous and superior mesenteric arterial blood flows (electromagnetic flow probes) and splanchnic O2 deliveries. Unrelated to perfusion pressure and O2 delivery, there were early and sustained decreases in ileal mucosal surface partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) (multiwire PO2 electrode) and pH (tonometry). This was not reflected by ileal serosal surface PO2, O2 uptake and arteriomesenteric venous pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) gradients. There was little evidence of concomitant hepatic dysoxia as evaluated by surface PO2. Conclusions The study demonstrates early and sustained regional (mucosa) intestinal hypoxia with little evidence of simultaneous hepatic dysoxia during initial endotoxaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709523
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modified GC-phases for the enantiomeric separation of optically active compounds: Crosslinking experiments with polymeric chiral compounds (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 391-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Crosslinking ; Enantiomeric separation ; Polymeric chiral phases ; Polysiloxane skeleton ; Polyethylene glycol skeleton ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crosslinking experiments for immobilization of the well-known chiral stationary phases XE 60-L-valine-(S)- and XE 60-L-valine-(R)-α-phenylethylamide within capillary columns have been successfully carried out. Crosslinking was also obtained with mixtures of the chiral compound acrylyl-L-valine-(S)-α-phenylethylamide and the polyethylene glycol Carbowax 20M. Immobilization of 75% to 90% was achieved by crosslinking the polymeric chiral phases, but sometimes up to 100% of these phases remained within the columns after the usual subsequent solvent treatment. The crosslinking of Carbowax 20M with acrylyl-L-valine-(S)-α-phenylethylamide led to a chiral polymer of a polarity different from that of the common siloxane type chiral phases.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080806
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practical limitations of capillary gas chromatography (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 461-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Limitations by temperature, in trace analysis, by irreversible adsorption ; Sample capacity, separation efficiency ; Multidimensional GC advantageous ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillary gas chromatography is a high resolution separation method which allows the qualitative and quantitative analysis of even complex mixtures, which may contain many components-also isomeric-in a wide range of volatilities, polarities and concentrations.The principal limitation of gas chromatographic application is given by an insufficient volatility of the species to be separated. Elevated temperatures have to be applied if the application range is to be extended and to achieve steep peak profiles, i.e. low detection limits at high resolution. The use of elevated temperatures is limited, of course, by the temperature stability of both the solvent (stationary liquid and support) and the solutes.The problems of trace analysis for low volatility compounds at high resolution and its limitational parameters regarding sampling, separation and detection are discussed.The applicability of glass capillary columns in this field is influenced by the following parameters: tailing behaviour; irreversible adsorption of polar and decomposition of unstable solutes; thermal stability of stationary liquid (including the support deactivation); separation efficiency and sample capacity (film thickness).Multidimensional gas chromatography using capillary columns coupled either with a packed or another capilllary column for preseparations may be applied with advantage in the analysis of complex mixtures.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020717
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation in capillary gas chromatography with emphasis on the problems of sample introduction (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 566-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Cooled needle split injection ; Temperature programmed (PTV) injection ; On-column injection ; Automation ; Quantitation ; Sampling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sampling techniques for practical quantitative capillary GC have to meet certain principal requirements. Both the absolute and the relative peak areas (e.g. column loads) must be reproducible with high precision and at high accuracy; discrimination of certain constituents according to their volatility should not take place on sampling. On the basis of systematic studies, the three most reliable sampling techniques used for GC analyses with the aim of achieving precise and accurate quantitative data proved to be the following: On-column, injection, splitless PTV injection, and an optimized version of split sampling called “cooled needle split” injection. The on-column technique can be optimized by using precolumns with wider internal diameters and without stationary phase coatings to overcome the problems of large liquid sampling volumes and for automation. The PTV technique should only be used in the splitless mode because discrimination cannot be suppressed completely with the split mode. All three of the techniques can be operated automatically, either to avoid “human interference”, i.e. to improve precision or for unattended operation to save man-power.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080918
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    To the editors (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 206-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240030417
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-column injection with split/splitless sampling onto gc capillary columns (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 565-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Quantitation ; On-column injection with splitting and splitless sampling ; Pre-column ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240051011
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multidimensional capillary gas chromatography-enantiomeric separations of selected cuts using a chiral second column (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240070711
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crosslinked chiral phases in GC capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas Chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Polymeric chiral phases ; Crosslinking ; Enantiomeric separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080408
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the “cooled needle” technique to split and splitless sampling onto capillary columns (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 572-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Cooled needle sampling ; Split injection ; Splitless injection ; Simulated distillation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cooled needle sampling using syringes was applied to splitless injection and to simulated distillation analyses. Slight changes of the construction of the previous device are also described. The changes concern the temperature profile within the injector and especially the vaporization insert. Even with the low carrier gas flow through the injector during splitless injection, discrimination by component volatility can be avoided. Precision and accuracy of simulated distillation data obtained with split sampling also can be improved by the cooled needle technique.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080919
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