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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 10 (1971), S. 3968-3979 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 143-160 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: New nucleoside-peptide antibiotic ; Chitin biosynthesis ; Structure elucidation ; Mass spectrometry ; Streptomyces tendae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Streptomycet Tü 901, Streptomyces tendae, bildet ein antifungisch wirkendes Nukleosid-Antibioticum, Nikkomycin. Als Angriffsort kommt die Chitinsynthese in Frage. Mit Hilfe der Massenspektrometrie und des chemischen Abbaus konnten Uracil, eine Aminohexuronsäure und eine neue, einen Pyridinring enthaltende Aminosäure nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Abstract From the fermentation broth of Streptomyces tendae Tü 901 a substance was isolated, which inhibits the growth of several fungi. The new antibiotic affects the chitchin biosynthesis. Its structure was identified by mass spectrometry of the products obtained after chemical degradation. Nikkomycin is a nucleoside-peptide antibiotic consisting of uracil, an amino hexuronic acid and a new amino acid containing a pyridin ring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chlorobium ; Chloroflexus ; Cell wall ; Diaminopimelic acid ; Muramic acid-6-phosphate ; Ornithine ; Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract L-Ornithine is the only diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the gliding phototrophic Chloroflexus aurantiacus. The other constituents are L- and D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid (in part as muramic acid-6-phosphate), all in approximate equimolar ratios to L-ornithine, aside from small amounts of glycine and histidine. Furthermore unlike typical Gram-negative bacteria, protein is not bound to this peptidoglycan. Instead, the rigid layer (sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble cell wall fraction) contained large amounts of a complex polysaccharide consisting of sugar O-methyl ethers, hexoses and pentoses. Its binding site is presumably muramic acid-6-phosphate of the peptidoglycan. In contrast, in Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilium, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found as the only diamino acid of this peptidoglycan. As with other Gramnegative bacteria, L- and D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid (no muramic acid-6-phosphate) were observed in approximate equimolar ratios to meso-diaminopimelic acid, except a lower D-alanine content. The rigid layer of Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum contained protein, and there were no indications for a complex polysaccharide comparable to that of Chloroflexus aurantiacus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Microcystis aeruginosa ; Cyanobacterium ; Toxin ; Oligopeptides ; D-Amino acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Toxic and nontoxic peptides were isolated from the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 by a procedure including extraction of cells with water-saturated 1-butanol, chromatography of the extract on silica gel plates and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on Partisil-5. The toxin was shown to be only a minor constituent, being negatively charged and thus separable by electrophoresis, within the HPLC-purified fraction. It contained erythro-β-methyl-D-Asp, D-Glu, D-Ala, L-Leu, and L-Arg known to be part of the Microcystis peptide-toxin with Mr 994. The major part of the HPLC-purified fraction was assigned, however, to a nontoxic peptide with a Mr of 956. Partial hydrolysis studies of the nontoxic peptide(s) revealed amino acid sequences composed of D-Glu, N-methyl-Phe, and 3,4-dehydro-Pro, aside from the common L-amino acids. Cyclic linkage in the nontoxic peptide(s) appears likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 99 (1974), S. 307-321 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Peptide Antibiotic ; Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitor ; Uncommon Amino Acids ; Mass Spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Stenothricin ist ein neues Antibioticum, das die Zellwandsynthese verschiedener Bakterien hemmt. Es konnte mittels Verteilungs-Chromatographie, Ionenaustauscher-Chromatographie und Gelfiltration in reiner Form isoliert werden. Die Strukturuntersuchungen ergaben, daß es sich bei Stenothricin um ein Peptidantibioticum mit mehreren ungewöhnlichen Aminosäuren handelt, die durch Gas-Chromatographie und Massenspektrometrie identifiziert wurden.
    Notes: Abstract Stenothricin is a new antibiotic, which inhibits the cell wall synthesis of certain bacteria. It was isolated by partition chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The structural studies show, that stenothricin is a peptide antibiotic containing several uncommon amino acids, which could be identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 107 (1976), S. 249-256 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Antibiotic derivatisation ; Yeast antibiotic ; Tryptanthrin ; Tryptophan metabolism ; Candia lipolytica
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Candida lipolytica synthetisiert das Antibioticum Tryptanthrin aus 1 Mol Tryptophan und 1 Mol Anthranilsäure. Bei Verfütterung von Tryptophan und substituierter Anthranilsäure, bzw. substituiertem Tryptophan und Anthranilsäure, konnten die zu erwartenden Tryptanthrinderivate isoliert und identifiziert werden. Die Enzyme der Tryptanthrinbiosynthese wiesen in bezug auf diese Substrate, mit Ausnahme von Bromtryptophan, keine Spezifität auf. Parallel zu diesen Versuchen wurden durch chemische Synthese substituierte Tryptanthrine hergestellt. Die Dierivate wurden auf ihre antibiotische Wirksamkeit geprüft; als besonders wirksam erwiesen sich die halogenierten Verbindungen.
    Notes: Abstract Candida lipolytica synthesizes the antibiotic tryptanthrin from 1 mole tryptophan and 1 mole anthranilic acid. When feeding tryptophan and substituted anthranilic acids, or substituted tryptophans and anthranilic acid, we could isolate and identify the expected derivatives of tryptanthrin. The enzymes of the biosynthesis of tryptanthrin, with the exception of bromotryptophan, had no specifity for these substrates. In addition to these experiments substituted tryptanthrines were chemically synthesized. We checked them for antibiotic action; the halogen compounds turned out to be especially effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung δ-N-Hydroxy-L-arginin wurde aus Kulturfiltraten des Dermatophyten Nannizzia gypsea (Familie Gymnoascaceae, Ordnung Eurotiales, Klasse Ascomycetes) isoliert. Das Antibioticum hemmt verschiedene Bakterien und Pilze. Mit L-Arginin und L-Citrullin läßt sich die Wirkung aufheben. Die Reinigung erfolgte durch Ionenaustausch an Dowex 50WX8 mit Ammoniumhydroxid, präparative Chromatographie an Kieselgel (Laufmittel: n-Propanol-Wasser), Säulenchromatographie an Cellulose und Elution mit Äthanol-Essigsäure-Wasser. Dabei entstand das Acetat, welches zum Schluß wieder in das ursprüngliche Antibioticum überführt werden konnte. Zur chemischen Charakterisierung und Ermittlung der Struktur wurden unter anderem Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie, 13C- und Protonen-NMR-Spektrometrie benutzt.
    Notes: Summary δ-N-hydroxy-L-arginine was isolated from culture filtrates of Nannizzia gypsea, a dermatophyte of the family Gymnoascaceae, order Eurotiales, class Ascomycetes. Several bacteria and fungi are inhibited by the antibiotic. The inhibition is compensated by L-arginine and L-citrulline. The substance has been purified by: ion exchange on Dowex 50WX8 with ammonium hydroxide, chromatography with n-propanol-water on silicagel layers, column chromatography on cellulose and elution with ethanol-acetic acid-water, yielding the acetate of the compound. The antibiotic was then obtained from the acetate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H- and 13C-NMR and other techniques have been applied in order to elucidate the constitution and configuration of the novel compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 100 (1974), S. 73-95 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Asposterol ; Aspergillus microcysticus ; Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ; Steroid Antibiotic ; Cytoplasmic Membrane ; Cytolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aspergillus microcysticus Sappa, Stamm TÜ 502, bildet ein bisher unbekanntes Antibioticum, das Asposterol genannt wird. Es läßt sich aus dem Filtrat von Submerskulturen des Pilzes mit Äthylacetat extrahieren und nach anschließender Säulenchromatographie an Kieselgel durch Elution mit Benzol/Äthylacetat in Ausbeuten bis zu 35 mg/l in praktisch reiner Form darstellen. Asposterol ist lipophil und instabil. Ihm kommt die Summenformel C24H33NO4, MG 399, zu. Die Verbindung liegt in zwei isomeren Formen vor und besitzt vermutlich ein Steran-Grundgerüst. Asposterol hemmt das Wachstum von Bakterien und Pilzen. Die minimale Hemmkonzentration liegt für Bacillus subtilis bei 0,3 μg/ml, für Schizosaccharomyces pombe bei 1,2 μg/ml. Die Hemmwirkung des Asposterols wird durch α-Tocopherol aufgehoben. Als primärer Wirkort des Antibioticums wird die Cytoplasma-Membran angesehen. Linolensäure, Undecen(10)säure und andere ungesättigte Fettsäuren ähneln dem Asposterol in der Art ihrer antimikrobiellen Wirkung.
    Notes: Abstract Aspergillus microcysticus Sappa TÜ 502 produces a formerly unknown antibiotic named asposterol. Extractions of culture filtrates from fermentations with ethyl acetate and subsequent column chromatography of the extracts on silica gel using benzene/ethyl acetate for the elution yielded up to 35 mg/l of practically pure preparations of the antibiotic. Asposterol is lipophilic and instable. The elemental composition was determined as C24H33NO4, molecular weight 399. The antibiotic exists in two isomeric forms. A steran skeleton is attributed to the compound. There is no evidence for other similarities with known steroid antibiotics. Asposterol inhibits both bacteria and fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentrations are 0.3 μg/ml for Bacillus subtilis and 1.2 μg/ml for Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The inhibitory effect of asposterol is compensated by α-tocopherol. It is assumed that the cytoplasmic membrane is the site of the primary antibiotic action. Linolenic acid, undecylenic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids show similarities with respect to the type of their antimicrobial effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 20 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 7 resin acids, 3 symbolically prepared derivatives and the neutral fraction of Chinese colophony were studied by experimental sensitization using a modified FCA method. 4 resin acids, laevopimaric. abietic. podocarpic and tetrahydroabietic. proved to be weak sensitizers Neoabietic, dehydroabietic, isopimarie acid and larixol remained negative. However, the derivative, methyl abietate and calcium abietate. were shown to be moderate sensitizers. and the maleic-modified adduct to be a moderate to strong sensitizer. As laevopimaric acid plays only a minor rote in colophony, abietic acid must he considered a major, even if weak, allergen in non-modified colophony. The neutral fraction of colophony is also partially involved in colophony allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experimental and chemical investigations revealed that common ivy (Hedera helix susp. Helix) contains 3 compounds which are powerful irritants and moderate sensitizers. Only 2 of these constituents, falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol, are present in the plant during the whole year. Besides Panax ginseng and Schefflera arboricala, this is the third species of the Araliaceae in which these polyacetylenic sensitizers have been found. Falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol also occur in Hedera helix subsp. canariensis. 4 patients have been patch tested. Even in low concentrations (0.03%). the main allergen falcarinol elicited strong reactions in all of them. One of the authors became sensitized during the investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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