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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 233-237 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Vitamin D ; Acidosis ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and phosphate deficiency were produced in rats in order (a) to evaluate the degree of bone mineral and matrix maturation using a bromoform/toluene density gradient technique; and (b) to compare the aforementioned bone maturational changes due to vitamin D and phosphate deprivation to those produced with superimposed severe acidosis. Rats were fed a diet deficient in vitamin D and phosphorus (0.2%) from 3 weeks through 7 weeks of age. To examine the additional contribution of dietary calcium, we gave one-half of the animals either a low (0.06%) or high (1.3%) calcium diet. Following the 4 weeks of vitamin D deficiency, one-half of each group was given 1.8% NH4Cl in the drinking water for 4 succeeding days to induce an acute, severe acidosis. The degree of bone maturation was quantitated via bromoformtoulene density gradient fractionation; total mineral and hydroxyproline (collagen) levels were quantitated as well. The vitamin D-deficient rats deprived of adequate dietary phosphate responded by conserving phosphorus, and as a consequence total bone phosphorus levels were maintained within that level for control rats. This conservation was independent of calcium intake but was extremely sensitive to acute acid loading, where a significant reduction in total bone phosphorus was noted. The bone maturational profile obtained from the vitamin D-phosphate deficient rats, however, revealed a significant accumulation of less mature or dense bone collagen and mineral with a corresponding decrease in the most mature or dense moieties. In contrast to the reduction of the total bone phosphorus content by acute acidosis, the skeletal collagen-mineral maturational profile was not significantly affected by the short-term systemic acidosis. The observed retardations in the bone collagen and mineral maturation of the vitamin D-deficient, phosphate-deprived state provide an additional observation which may well relate to the progressive osteopenia documented in states of chronic, mild acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Diet ; Children ; Growth ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Protein ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten children with chronic renal failure (CRF) were managed for 3 years using a strict low-protein and low-phosphorus diet supplemented by a mixture of the keto and amino forms of the essential amino acids and histidine (phase II). All of these children were previously managed for at least 2 years with a less rigorous diet of limited protein intake with no specific reduction of phosphorus (phase I). Energy, vitamin D, bicarbonate, phosphate binders and vitamin and mineral mixtures were added as required during both dietary phases. Data on dietary intake showed a significant fall in protein and phosphorus intake and a rise in calcium intake during phase II compared with phase I. Plasma calcium increased and phosphate fell, with an associated fall in intact parathyroid hormone levels. There was a marked improvement in urea creatinine ratios, which suggested an improved anabolic state. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were improved. Height and weight velocity were increased, becoming significant after 3 years of phase II. Renal function deteriorated at a slower rate than predicted. The diet was well tolerated by the children, with fitness and school performance showing improvement. We conclude that long-term strict dietary management of children with CRF is feasible. Our data suggest an overall improvement in general health and an apparent reduction in the rate of deterioration of renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure ; Short stature ; Recombinant human growth hormone ; Diet ; Protein ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a 12-month study, nine boys, aged 4.8–15.6 years, with bone ages 4.6–13 years, with moderate to severe chronic renal failure and resultant growth failure were treated with daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), in conjunction with a strict low-protein/low-phosphate diet supplemented with keto and amino forms of the essential amino acids, histidine and additional energy. Improved growth had previously been observed with this dietary management over that obtained with conventional treatment for chronic renal failure. Each child had been on this diet for at least 2 years before rhGH was commenced. Mean height velocity increased from 4.6±1.3 to 9.0±1.3 cm/year (P〈0.001) in the pre-pubertal group, and in the pubertal group from 5.4±1.4 to 10.4±1.8 cm/year (P〈0.01). The mean height velocity standard deviation scores (SDSs) increased from −1.2±0.6 to +2.3±0.9 (P〈0.001) in the pre-pubertal group and from −0.4±0.6 to +1.9±1.1 (P〈0.01) in the pubertal group. Mean height SDS for chronological age increased from −2.2±0.7 to −1.5±0.5 (P〈0.01) in the pre-pubertal group and from −1.9±0.7 to −1.3±0.9 in the pubertal group (P〈0.02). There was no significant deterioration in renal function or renal bone disease, and bone age did not advance more than chronological age over the 12-month period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 623-625 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The collisional activation mass spectra of the [M - H]- ions of dipeptides containing Met or Cys show the usual backbone fragmentation allowing the sequence of the peptide to be determined. A methionine residue may be identified by the presence of a pronounced peak resulting from loss of MeSH, while a cysteine residue may be identified by the presence of a peak corresponding to loss of either H2S or (H2S + CO2).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) amino acid derivatives are formed during sequential Edman degradation of peptides and proteins. Isomeric Leu and Ile (which differ only in respectively having iso-butyl and sec-butyl chains, and are often difficult to distinguish by conventional mass spectrometric techniques) may be readily identified by the characteristic decompositions of the [M — H]- ions of their PTH derivatives. The Leu spectrum shows major loss of propane, while that of the Ile derivative shows elimination of both methane and ethane. This method may be used routinely with 10 μg quantities of peptide material.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 169-173 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The structures of underivatized di- and tripeptides may be determined from a consideration of the collision-induced dissociations of their [M - H]- ions. There are three types of fragmentation, viz. (i) the backbone cleavage which provides sequencing information, (ii) α side-chain cleavage irrespective of the position of the amino acid residue, and (iii) cleavages which are characteristic of amino acid residues in specific positions, in particular the N- or C-terminal positions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 677-685 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The [M — H]- ions derived from tetrapeptides generally show two different collision-induced backbone cleavages which allow the determination of the amino acid sequence of the peptide. The first of these involves the formation of the carboxylate anions of either constituent amino acids or fragment peptides. In the second, amino acids or fragment peptides are eliminated as neutrals. There are a number of residues which undergo characteristic sidechain fragmentations irrespective of their position in the tetrapeptide, e.g. Ser, Thr, Cys, Met, Phe and Tyr. However, there are also some residues which, when situated at the C-terminal end of the peptide, promote pronounced fragmentation at the C-terminal position which occurs to the exclusion of the normal backbone cleavages. We conclude that the data obtained from these negative-ion cleavages are analytically useful, and complement those provided by the cognate positive-ion technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ab initio calculations indicate that the ion [ONCO]- is linear, whereas [HNNCO]- is effectively coplanar. The ions may be formed by collisional activation of deprotonated hydroxy and aminocarbamates. The characteristic fragmentations of [ONCO]- and [HNNOO]- are losses of O and NH respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 338-339 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ion MeOCO2- fragments upon collisional activation by competitive losses of Me, CH2 and CO2. The loss of formaldehyde involves hydride-ion transfer to form HCO2-. MeOCO2- reacts as a methoxyl-ion donor in a characteristic reaction with sulphur dioxide, i.e. MeOCO2- + SO2→ MeOSO2-+ CO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 4 (1972), S. 433-439 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The PMR spectra of 1,4-dioxin and 1,4-dithiin have been studied in nematic phase liquid crystalline solvents. The ratio of the interproton distances r12 and r13 and the CCH angles have been determined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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