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  • Photochromism  (3)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Aromatics, condensed ; [8 + 2] Cycloadditon ; Azulenes, tetrahydro- ; Photochromism ; Thermochromism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Substituent Dependency of the Dihydroazulene ⇄ Vinylhpeptafulvene Photochromism: Steric and electronic effects of 9-Anthryl Compounds - New Access to Condensed HydropentalenesThe synthesis of 2-(9-anthryl)-1,8a-dihydro-1,1-azulenedicarbonitrile (1a) from 8-methoxyheptafulvene (3) by [8 + 2] cycloaddition (via tetrahydroazulene 5a) and elimination of methanol is described. On irradiation with visible light 1a is transformed into the vinylheptafulvene 2a, which is reconverted into 1a under thermal conditions. The steric congestion caused by the 9-anthryl substituent determines the rate of the [8 + 2] cycloaddition as well as the kinetics of the thermal back reaction 2a → 1a and causes thermochromic behavior of dihydroazulene 1a. By intramolecular electrophilic substitution tetrahydroazulene 5a yields the condensed hydropentalene 9 which on oxidation leads to the condensed polycycle 11. The stereochemical assignments of the 9-anthryl compounds were achieved mainly by one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
    Notizen: Die Synthese von 2-(9-Anthryl)-1,8a-dihydro-1,1-azulendicarbonitril (1a) über das Tetrahydroazulen 5a, ausgehend von 8-Methoxyheptafulven (3) durch [8 + 2]-Cycloaddition, wird beschrieben. Durch Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht wird 1a in das Vinylheptafulven 2a umgelagert. Dieses wiederum kann unter thermischen Bedingungen in 1a zurückverwandelt werden. Die sterische Hinderung 9-anthrylsubstituierter Verbindungen beeinflußt die Geschwindigkeit der [8 + 2]-Cycloaddition sowie die Kinetik der thermischen Rückreaktion 2a → 1a und verleiht dem Dihydroazulen 1a zudem thermochrome Eigenschaften. Aus 5a entsteht durch intramolekulare elektrophile Substitution das kondensierte Hydropentalen 9, das durch Oxidation in den kondensierten Polycyclus 11 umgewandelt wird. Die stereochemischen Eigenschaften der 9-Anthrylverbindungen werden durch ein- und zweidimensionale 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie ermittelt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 126 (1993), S. 1631-1634 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Photochromism ; Photoresponsive crown ether ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Photosensitive crown ether 1 composed of 1,8a-dihydroazulene as a photodynamic unit and a benzo[15]crown-5 ether subgroup has been synthesized from C-7-substituted cycloheptatriene 8, which has been obtained by nucleophilic addition of 4-acetylbenzo[15]crown-5 (6) to tropenylium tetrafluoroborate (7). Dehydrogenation of dicyanovinyl derivative 9 leads to heptafulvene 2 which thermally rearranges to dihydroazulene 1. Attempts to synthesize 1 according to the „[8 + 2]-cycloaddition route“ have been unsuccessful. Crown ether 1 shows photochromic bistability with a photochemically driven forward and a thermal back reaction. The spectroscopic properties of 1 and the photochemical isomerization 1 → 2 have been shown to be almost insensitive to sodium iodide addition. The rate of the thermal back reaction 2 → 1 slightly is affected by sodium iodide addition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Schlagwort(e): Thermal and photochemical electrocyclization reactions ; Photochromism ; Molecular switching ; Luminescent properties ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The reversible interconversion of dihydroazulene (DHA) and vinylheptafulvene (VHF) can be utilized to switch a number of physical properties. This communication reports on a fluorescent switch. By a multistep sequence involving an [8 + 2] cycloaddition route 9-anthracenyl-1,4-phenylene was covalently attached to C-2 of the DHA chromophore affording DHA-1 which undergoes complete and clean photochemical ring opening to vinylheptafulvene VHF-1. The latter is thermally reverted to DHA-1. The kinetics and the energetics of the thermal back reaction are discussed. On/off switching of luminescence was investigated: DHA-1 displays fluorescence whereas VHF-1 is nonfluorescent at ambient temperature.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 33 (1995), S. S94 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Schlagwort(e): ESR ; ENDOR ; organic conductors ; radical cation ; 1,3-dithiol ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The radical cations of two electron donors containing two 1,3-dithiol moieties were characterized by the use of ESR/ENDOR/general TRIPLE spectroscopy. The spin population resides mainly in the central part of the molecules. The g-factors are correlated with the 33S coupling constants, which are determined from satellite lines.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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