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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 431-441 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Genetik ; Dystonie ; Übersicht ; Key words Genetics ; Dystonia ; Review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To date, at least 12 types of primary dystonia can be distinguished on a genetic basis. A 3-bp deletion in the DYT1 gene causes early onset, generalized torsion dystonia (TD), and mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I and the tyrosine hydroxylase genes result in dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5). A missense change in the D2 dopamine receptor in one large family (DYT11) has recently been implicated in myoclonus-dystonia. Furthermore, seven other loci for dystonia genes have been mapped to chromosomal regions, including a locus for a mixed dystonia phenotype (DYT6), one form of focal dystonia (DYT7), three types of paroxysmal dystonia (DYT8–10), X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT3), and rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT12). No positive linkage results have yet been obtained for autosomal recessive TD (DYT2) and several other families of different types of dominantly inherited TD (DYT4). In addition, hereditary secondary dystonia may occur as part of familial diseases of the basal ganglia, metabolic and storage disorders, and various X-linked and other familial neurodegenerative syndromes affecting the basal ganglia. It may be anticipated that the traditional clinical and etiological classifications of dystonia will increasingly be replaced by a genetic one and that the identification of more dystonia genes may lead to a better understanding of these largely nondegenerative disorders.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gegenwärtig lassen sich 12 Typen von primären Dystonien (DYT1 – 12) genetisch unterscheiden. Die Deletion dreier Basenpaare im DYT1-Gen verursacht die generalisierte Torsionsdystonie (TD) mit frühem Beginn. Weiterhin konnten Mutationen im GTP-Zyklohydrolase-I- und im Tyrosinhydroxylase-Gen gefunden werden, die in Zusammenhang mit Dopa-responsiver Dystonie (DYT5) stehen, sowie eine mit myoklonischer Dystonie assoziierte Sequenzveränderung im D2-Dopaminrezeptor (DYT11). Außerdem wurden 7 weitere Dystonieloki kartiert, darunter die für einen gemischten Dystoniephänotyp (DYT6), eine Form der fokalen Dystonie (DYT7), 3 Typen von paroxysmaler Dystonie (DYT8–10), das X-chromosomal vererbte Dystonie-Parkinson-Syndrom (DYT3) und das Dystonie-Parkinson-Syndrom mit plötzlichem Beginn (DYT12). Für die autosomal-rezessive TD (DYT2) und einige größere Familien mit verschiedenen Formen dominant vererbter TD (DYT4) konnten bislang noch keine positiven Kopplungsstudien durchgeführt werden. Zusätzlich kommen erbliche, aber sekundäre Dystoniesyndrome im Rahmen von familiären Basalganglienerkrankungen, Stoffwechselstörungen und Speicherkrankheiten sowie verschiedener X-chromosomal vererbter und anderer familiärer neurodegenerativer Syndrome vor. Es ist anzunehmen, dass die klassische Einteilung der Dystonien nach klinischen und ätiologischen Kriterien mehr und mehr durch eine genetische ersetzt werden wird. Hierbei kann die Identifikation weiterer Dystoniegene zu einem besseren Verständnis dieser größtenteils nicht-degenerativen Erkrankungen beitragen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0736-0266
    Keywords: Angiogenesis ; Bone healing ; Bone repair ; Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A lipid material extracted from the omentum has previously been shown to contain a potent angiogenetic activator (20), capable of creating intense vasoproliferation in traumatized tissues (19). This study was undertaken to analyze the efficacy of local administration of this omental lipid fraction on osseous vascularization and bone repair. An osteoperiosteal segmental femoral defect in the rat was replaced by a demineralized allogenic bone graft exposed to continuous local delivery of omental lipid via an implanted miniosmotic pump. Saline solution delivered in the same way served as a control. Neovascularization and bone formation in the transplant were quantitatively evaluated by means of dynamic radioisotopic bone imaging, radiographic photodensitometry, microangiography, and biomechanical testing. Compared with the control group, the omental lipid angiogenic fraction-treated specimens showed an 80% overall increase (p 〈 0.001) in bone density as well as a twofold increase (p 〈 0.001) in regional blood perfusion, maximal at 2 weeks following surgery. At 12 weeks, biomechanical testing demonstrated significantly higher union rate (p 〈 0.05) and strength (p 〈 0.01) in the treated specimens as compared with the controls. These data demonstrate that the omental lipid fraction factor has potent angiogenic properties that enhance bone blood perfusion and bone regeneration.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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