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  • Chemistry  (27)
  • Engineering  (4)
  • insulin resistance  (4)
  • Annonaceae  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of low-affinity insulin receptor isoform and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I hybrid receptors in term placenta from insulin-resistant women with gestational hypertension (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 952-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin receptor ; IGF-I receptor ; hybrid receptor ; insulin resistance ; gestational hypertension ; placenta.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gestational hypertension is associated with insulin-resistance; insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), acting through their receptors, play a role in the growth of the feto-placental unit. Since both receptors are exposed to the maternal circulation, it has been suggested that maternal metabolic abnormalities might affect placental insulin (HIR) and IGF-1 (IGF-1R) receptors. To clarify this issue, we characterized HIR and IGF-1R in placenta at term from normal women, normoinsulinaemic women with gestational hypertension (NGH), and hyperinsulinaemic women with gestational hypertension (HGH). Insulin binding was decreased in HGH women (B/T 0.12 ± 0.03) compared to control and NGH women (B/T 0.18 ± 0.07, p 〈 0.036; and 0.22 ± 0.5, p 〈 0.009 respectively). Receptor affinity was lower in HGH women (ED50 0.95 ± 0.32 nmol/l) than control and NGH women (ED50 0.42 ± 0.19 nmol/l, p 〈 0.01; and 0.40 ± 0.1 nmol/l, p 〈 0.007, respectively), whereas low-affinity Ex11+ isoform was higher in HGH women (Ex11+ 50 ± 7, %) than in control and NGH women (Ex11+ 34 ± 9 %, p 〈 0.001; and 39 ± 4 %, p 〈 0.01, respectively). Increased expression of Ex11+ isoform was correlated with ED50 (r = 0.71; p 〈 0.002) and insulinaemia (r = 0.70, p 〈 0.002). IGF-I binding was increased in HGH women (B/T 0.17 ± 0.03) compared to control and NGH women (B/T 0.09 ± 0.05, p 〈 0.002; and 0.11 ± 0.03, p 〈 0.002, respectively). IGF-IR affinity was similar in the three groups. The percentage of insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors was increased in HGH women (85 ± 3 %) compared to control and NGH women (68 ± 7 %, p 〈 0.001; and 63 ± 9 %, p 〈 0.001, respectively), and was positively correlated with insulinaemia (r = 0.62, p 〈 0.018), ED50 of insulin binding (r = 0.62, p 〈 0.05), and maximal IGF-I binding (r = 0.69, p 〈 0.004); whereas it was inversely correlated with maximal insulin binding (r = −0.69, p 〈 0.004). Results provide the first evidence for altered expression of insulin/IGF-I hybrids found in insulin-resistance states. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 952–960]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403915
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed intracellular dissociation of the insulin-receptor complex impairs receptor recycling and insulin processing in cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from insulin-resistant subjects (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin receptor ; receptor internalization ; insulin resistance ; glucose toxicity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin-receptor internalization and processing are defective in insulin-resistant subjects. To assess the reversibility of these defects, we cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed-lymphoblasts from six normal, six obese, and six non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects in media containing low (5 mmol/l) or high (25 mmol/l) glucose concentrations, and studied the insulin-receptor internalization and processing in vitro. In cells from normal, obese, and NIDDM subjects cultured in low glucose concentrations, exposure to 100 nmol/l insulin for 30 min at 37 °C reduced cell-surface 125I-insulin binding to a similar extent (82 ± 2, 77 ± 5, and 82 ± 5 % of initial values, respectively). The same results were obtained with cells cultured in high glucose concentrations. In cells cultured under both glucose conditions, and exposed to 100 nmol/l insulin for 30 min at 37 °C, a complete recovery of the initial 125I-insulin binding was observed in normal but not in obese and NIDDM subjects. Release of intracellular insulin and its degradation in vitro was determined by incubating cells with 600 pmol/l of 125I-insulin for 60 min at 37 °C, acid washing cells, and re-incubating in insulin-free buffer at 37 °C. The radioactivity released by cells was characterized by trichloroacetic acid precipitability, Sephadex G-50 column chromatography, and re-binding to fresh cells. Rates of release of internalized radioactivity were reduced in obese and NIDDM subjects (t1/2 = 61 ± 9 min, p 〈 0.02; 58 ± 10 min, p 〈 0.05; and 38 ± 4 min in obese, NIDDM, and normal subjects, respectively). The percentage of intact insulin released from cells was significantly higher in obese and NIDDM subjects than in the normal subjects. The t1/2 of intracellular dissociation of insulin-receptor complexes measured by a polyethylene glycol assay was lower in normal (6 ± 1 min) than in obese (12 ± 2 min, p 〈 0.03) and NIDDM subjects (14 ± 3 min, p 〈 0.02). The results suggest that in insulin-resistant subjects a primary defect in intracellular dissociation of insulin is responsible for alterations of receptor recycling and insulin processing. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 289–297]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418344
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed intracellular dissociation of the insulin-receptor complex impairs receptor recycling and insulin processing in cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes from insulin-resistant subjects (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptor ; receptor internalization ; insulin resistance ; glucose toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin-receptor internalization and processing are defective in insulin-resistant subjects. To assess the reversibility of these defects, we cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed-lymphoblasts from six normal, six obese, and six non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects in media containing low (5 mmol/l) or high (25 mmol/l) glucose concentrations, and studied the insulin-receptor internalization and processing in vitro. In cells from normal, obese, and NIDDM subjects cultured in low glucose concentrations, exposure to 100 nmol/l insulin for 30 min at 37
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418344
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of low-affinity insulin receptor isoform and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I hybrid receptors in term placenta from insulin-resistant women with gestational hypertension (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 952-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin receptor ; IGF-I receptor ; hybrid receptor ; insulin resistance ; gestational hypertension ; placenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gestational hypertension is associated with insulin-resistance; insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), acting through their receptors, play a role in the growth of the feto-placental unit. Since both receptors are exposed to the maternal circulation, it has been suggested that maternal metabolic abnormalities might affect placental insulin (HIR) and IGF-1 (IGF-1R) receptors. To clarify this issue, we characterized HIR and IGF-1R in placenta at term from normal women, normoinsulinaemic women with gestational hypertension (NGH), and hyperinsulinaemic women with gestational hypertension (HGH). Insulin binding was decreased in HGH women (B/T 0.12±0.03) compared to control and NGH women (B/T 0.18±0.07, p〈0.036; and 0.22±0.5, p〈0.009 respectively). Receptor affinity was lower in HGH women (ED50 0.95±0.32 nmol/l) than control and NGH women (ED50 0.42±0.19 nmol/l, p〈0.01; and 0.40±0.1 nmol/l, p〈0.007, respectively), whereas low-affinity Ex11+ isoform was higher in HGH women (Ex11+ 50±7,%) than in control and NGH women (Ex11+ 34±9%, p〈0.001; and 39±4%, p〈0.01, respectively). Increased expression of Ex11+ isoform was correlated with ED50 (r=0.71; p〈0.002) and insulinaemia (r=0.70, p〈0.002). IGF-I binding was increased in HGH women (B/T 0.17±0.03) compared to control and NGH women (B/T 0.09±0.05, p〈0.002; and 0.11±0.03, p〈0.002, respectively). IGF-IR affinity was similar in the three groups. The percentage of insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors was increased in HGH women (85±3%) compared to control and NGH women (68±7%, p〈0.001; and 63±9%, p〈0.001, respectively), and was positively correlated with insulinaemia (r=0.62, p〈0.018), ED50 of insulin binding (r=0.62, p〈0.05), and maximal IGF-I binding (r=0.69, p〈0.004); whereas it was inversely correlated with maximal insulin binding (r=−0.69, p〈0.004). Results provide the first evidence for altered expression of insulin/IGF-I hybrids found in insulin-resistance states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403915
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sylvaticin: A new cytotoxic and insecticidal acetogenin fromRollinia sylvatica (Annonaceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 324-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Sylvaticin ; acetogenin ; Rollinia sylvatica ; Annonaceae ; brine shrimp ; cytotoxicity ; insecticidal ; striped cucumber beetle ; European corn borer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sylvaticin (I), a new tetrahydroxy annonaceous acetogenin with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings, has been isolated from the dried fruits ofRollinia sylvatica St. Hil. (Annonaceae). This compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells and shows promising insect control properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951779
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gigantecin: A novel antimitotic and cytotoxic acetogenin, with nonadjacent tetrahydrofuran rings, fromGoniothalamus giganteus (Annonaceae) (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 46 (1990), S. 539-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Gigantecin ; acetogenins ; Goniothalamus giganteus ; Annonaceae ; brine shrimp ; antimitotic ; cytotoxic ; crown gall tumors ; potato disc assay ; 9 ASK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gigantecin (I), a novel tetrahydroxy-di-tetrahydrofuran fatty acid γ-lactone (acetogenin), was isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stem bark ofGoniothalamus giganteus Hook. f., Thomas (Annonaceae), by means of activity-directed fractionation (brine shrimp lethality test). This new compound is extremely cytotoxic to human tumor cells, inhibits crown gall tumors on potato discs, and is active in an assay designed to detect antimitotic agents (9 ASK).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954260
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optical properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 1148-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The optical properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate resin as described by the complex index of refraction, N = n - ik, are derived by Kramers-Kronig analysis of experimental absorption and reflectance data obtained in the range 40μm ≥ λ ≥ 105 nm. Electronic absorption processes in polycarbonate are characterized by two broad absorption peaks centered at ∼200 and ∼100 nm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271507
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optical properties of a polyetherimide (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1574-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The optical properties of polyetherimide resin as described by the complex index of refraction, N = n - ik, are derived by Kramers-Kronig analysis of experimental absorption and reflectance data obtained in the range 40 μm ≥ λ ≥105 nm. Potential uses of this polymer as a printed circuit board material and as a packaging medium for microelectronic circuitry and the relevance of optical data in laser-assisted processing schemes used in these and other applications are briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Error estimation and adaptivity in flow formulation for forming problems (1988)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 25 (1988), S. 23-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A very simple and reliable error estimator has recently been developed for problems of linear elasticity.1 This leads naturally toa predication of an h-mesh refinement required for a given accuracy and with a suitable mesh generator2 for an efficient adaptive process. In this paper we extend the methodology developed previously to incompresible plastic flow of metals or polymers using the ‘flow formulation’ approach.3The examples of application include steady state extrusion problems for which exact solutions are available and hence allow the efficiency of the error estimates to be tested as well as more complex problems of upsetting in which the mesh is updated. It is found that the estimator performs well under various circumstances and provides an economical adaptive process.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620250105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ methane enrichment in anaerobic digestion (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A major cost consideration in the use of anaerobic digestion to convert biomass and waste to utility-grade gas is the expense of separating CO2 from the product gas. Anaerobic digestion has a number of inherent properties that can be exploited to increase the methane content of the gas directly produced by the digester, the most important of which is the high solubility of CO2(40-60 times that of methane) in water under digestion conditions. The methane enrichment concept examined in this study involved the recirculation of a liquid stream from the digester through a CO2 desorption process and the return of the liquid stream back to the digester for absorption of additional CO2 produced by the conversion of organic materials. A steady-state equilibrium model predicted that a digester gas methane content exceeding 94% could be achieved with this scheme using modest recirculation rates provided a desorption process could be designed to achieve a 60+% CO2 removal efficiency in the degassing of the liquid recycle stream. Using fixed-film laboratory digesters operated on synthetic feedstocks, the technique of methane enrichment was tested under pressurized and unpressurized conditions. A 93 + 2% methane gas stream was produced from a volatile-acid-fed bench-scale digester simulating the methanogenic stage of two-phase digestion under conditions of (1) a pH swing achieved without caustic addition that allowed digestion at pH 7. 5 and air stripping at pH 6. 5-7. 0, (2) digester pressurization to 30 psig, and (3) a recycle rate of 0. 33 L/L reactor/day. Significant but lower levels of methane enrichment were achieved with the single-stage digester at the low experimental recycle rate. However, the narrow range among all experiments of CO2 desorption efficiencies achieved in air stripping the recycle stream (35-60% CO2 removal) suggests that comparable methane enrichment-may be achieved with unpressurized single-stage digestion using greater recycle rates. A materials balance analysis of data from an unpressurized, single-stage digester employing no chemical addition and using laboratory degassing efficiencies indicated that 94% methane could be produced at recycle rates of less than 1. 4 L/L reactor/day with a methane loss of less than 2%.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350111
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