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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of allopurinol and hydrochlorothiazide during prolonged oral administration of both drugs in normal subjects (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 72 (1994), S. 1071-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Allopurinol ; Oxipurinol ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Uric acid ; Drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of allopurinol (300 mg/day) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) was studied in seven healthy male volunteers during prolonged coadministration of the two drugs using defined dietary conditions. A formula diet was administered with the allopurinol throughout the 24-day study, while hydrochlorothiazide was added during days 11–21. After the addition of hydrochlorothiazide both plasma uric acid and plasma oxipurinol rose for 6 days – 24% and 30%, respectively, compared to steady-state levels during allopurinol alone (P 〈 0.01 each). In neither substance were variations in renal excretion significant. By the end of combined treatment (day 21), the changes induced by hydrochlorothiazide had already been reversed to a considerable extent. It is concluded that both in normal individuals and in patients with normal renal clearance of uric acid the effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the plasma concentration and renal excretion of oxipurinol is small. When taking both drugs, there is no increased risk during long-term treatment, and a risk is even questionable during the first days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00577758
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of dose-response relationships of allpurinol in the presence of low or high purine turnover (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Allopurinol ; Uric acid ; Oxypurines ; Orotic acid ; Dietary purines ; Overproduction ; Purine deficit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of allopurinol (125–500 mg/m2 body surface) were studied in normal subjects during periods of 18 days both during a purine-free, isoenergetic liquid formula diet and additional intake of ribonucleic acid, 4 g/day. Plasma uric acid and renal excretion of uric acid, oxypurines (hypoxanthine plus xanthine) and orotic acid were measured and total purine excretion calculated. Effects of allopurinol were evaluated by comparison of the results obtained in the steady state during diet alone (average of days 7–10) with those during allopurinol administration (days 16–18). During the purine-free diet, plasma uric acid was lowered more than urinary uric acid by allopurinol on doses of 250–500 mg/m2 (44%–54% of control values on 500 mg/m2), demonstrating an increase in renal clearance. At the same dose, the uric acid lowering effect of allopurinol was more pronounced with than without purine loads (plasma 41%, urine 32% of control on 500 mg/m2 during purine intake), while renal uric acid clearance was decreased. The more pronounced reduction of uric acid excretion during purine administration was balanced to the greater part by a more pronounced increased in oxypurine excretion. Total purine excretion was reduced by about 20% during the purine-free diet irrespective of dose. The size of this purine deficit was doubled, but was also independent of dose during addition of purines. Orotic acid excretion increased with dose during allopurinol treatment and was reduced by addition of purines. With respect to uric acid lowering effects, these results are in accordance with findings in patients overproducing uric acid endogenously and suggest that the uric acid lowering effect of allopurinol is enhanced with increasing concentrations of purine bases, presumably due to the tight binding of oxipurinol to xanthine oxidase. The small uricosuric effect of allopurinol seen during ingestion of the purine-free diet possibly is attributable to drug-induced orotic aciduria. The increase in size during purine intake of the purine deficit may result from reduced absorption of dietary purines during allopurinol treatment. Apparently, maximum effects of allopurinol on endogenous synthesis and/or absorption of purines from the gut are exerted by low doses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727784
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Therapeutic effects of HS-3, HS-6, benactyzine, and atropine in soman poisoning of dogs (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 36 (1976), S. 71-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Antidotes ; Dogs ; Oximes ; Soman ; Antidote ; Hunde ; Oxime ; Soman
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Versuchen an nicht narkotisierten, männlichen Beagle-Hunden wurden die therapeutischen Wirkungen verschiedener Kombinationen der Bispyridiniumsalze HS-3 und HS-6 mit den Cholinolytica Atropin und Benactyzin gegenüber der Somanvergiftung untersucht. Die Untersuchungen erbrachten folgende Ergebnisse: 1. Die beste therapeutische Wirkung war zu erzielen, wenn beide Oxime zusammen mit den Cholinolytica frühzeitig — 6 min nach Vergiftung — verabfolgt wurden. 2. HS-6 zeigte gegenüber HS-3 bei früher Gabe unter Berücksichtigung des klinischen Bildes und der Überlebensrate eine bessere therapeutische Wirkung. 3. HS-3 wies dagegen bei früher Gabe bei Vergiftungen mit niedrigen Somankonzentrationen (bis 3 DL50) einen meßbaren Schutz- oder Reaktivierungs-effekt auf die Serumcholinesterase auf. 4. HS-3 erhöhte auch noch bei später Gabe zu Krampfbeginn — durchschnittlich 28 min nach Vergiftung — die Überlebensrate. 5. Nach i.m. Applikation wurde für HS-3 der maximale Blutspiegel nach 20 min und eine Halbwertszeit von 45 min, für HS-6 der maximale Blutspiegel nach 30 min und eine Halbwertszeit von 60 min gemessen.
    Notes: Abstract Investigations into the therapeutic properties of various combinations of the bispyridinium salts HS-3 and HS-6 and the cholinolytics atropine and benactyzine against soman poisoning in unanesthetized male beagles were performed. In our investigations we observed that: 1. The most effective protection against soman poisoning was attained if both oximes were applied early i.m. 6 min after intoxication together with the cholinolytics. 2. On the basis of clinical symptoms HS-6 proved to have a more intensive therapeutic effect than HS-3 upon early application. 3. If HS-3 was applied early after s.c. intoxication with low concentrations of soman (up to 3 LD50), a significant protection or reactivation effect on serum cholinesterase was measured. 4. When HS-3 was applied at the beginning of convulsions — generally 28 min after s.c. intoxication — it also raised the rate of surviving animals. 5. The maximal blood levels for HS-3 and HS-6 were measured 20–30 min after i.m. injection; the half-life values of HS-3 and HS-6 in plasma were 45–60 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277565
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber Wasserstoff- und Hydroxylionen-Gleichgewicht in Lösungen. I. Mitteilung (1919)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 2 (1919), S. 417-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19190020142
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Wasserstoff- und Hydroxylionen- Gleichgewicht in Lösungen. II. Mitteilung (1919)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 2 (1919), S. 533-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19190020155
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Isolierung neuer Stoffwechselprodukte aus Penicillium brefeldianum DODGE (1963)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 46 (1963), S. 1235-1243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new mold metabolites, Brefeldin A (C16H24O4) and Brefeldin B (C15H2205), have been isolated from the fermentation broth of a strain of Pefiicillium brefeldiawm DODGE. Their chemical, physical and biological properties have been described.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19630460419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Verrucarine und Roridine, eine Gruppe von cytostatisch hochwirksamen Antibiotica aus Myrothecium-Arten (1962)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 45 (1962), S. 839-853 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: From cultures of Myrothecium verrucaria (Albertini et Schweinitz) Ditmar ex Fries and Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fries (Fungi imperfecti) a group of 10 new metabolites has been isolated in pure crystalline form and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic data: Verrucarin A (C27H34O9), B (C27H32O9), C, D, E, F, G, and Roridin A (C29H40-42O9), B (C28H46O?) and Roridin C. They are neutral lipophilic compounds. The main constituents, Verrucarin A and B and Roridin A, show in vitro antifungal and high cytostatic activity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19620450314
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 69. Mitteilung [1]. Über das Venturicidin B, das Botrycidin und die Zuckerbausteine der Venturicidine A und B (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 51 (1968), S. 1293-1304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The known antibiotic Venturicidin A and two new antifungal compounds, Venturicidin B and Botrycidin, have been isolated from a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens DUGGAR. Venturicidin B gave on methanolysis the methyl glycoside of 2-deoxy-D-rhamnose, Venturicidin A the corresponding 3-O-carbamate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19680510612
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