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  • Tetanus toxin  (14)
  • Palytoxin  (7)
  • Spinal cord  (4)
  • Antitoxin  (3)
  • Depolarization  (3)
  • Kidney  (3)
  • Peptides  (3)
Material
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 861 (1986), S. 165-176 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Erythrocyte membrane) ; (Na^+ + K^+)-ATPase ; Ligand binding ; Membrane permeability ; Ouabain ; Palytoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 649 (1981), S. 481-486 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Erythrocyte) ; Hemolysis ; K^+loss ; Palytoxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 688 (1982), S. 486-494 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Erythrocyte) ; Amphotericin B ; Palytoxin ; Permeability
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 242 (1989), S. 245-248 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Chromaffin cell) ; Exocytosis ; Light chain ; Streptolysin O ; Tetanus toxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: (Aplysia) ; Central synapse ; Heavy chain ; Light chain ; Tetanus toxin ; Transmitter release
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: E. coli, Chromaffin cell ; Exocytosis ; Recombinant protein ; Site directed mutagenesis ; Tetanus toxin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 224-226 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; botulinum toxin ; noradrenaline ; GABA ; brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat brain homogenate was preloaded with [3H]noradrenaline or [3H]GABA and stimulated with high K+. Tetanus toxin and botulinum A neurotoxin partially prevent the evoked [3H]noradrenaline release in the same range of toxin concentrations starting below 10−10M. In contrast, release of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) is much more sensitive to tetanus than to botulinum A toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 334 (1986), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Depolarization ; Ion channels ; Phosphatidylinositol ; Inositol phosphates ; Voltage-dependence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the accumulation of inositol phosphates (InsP) due to depolarization. A particulate preparation of rat brain was introduced to rule out transmitter activated mechanisms and to allow free access for drugs of high molecular weights. Potassium depolarization doubled InsP within a few minutes. InsP accumulation depended on time and K+ concentration, and was affected neither by tetrodotoxin nor by atropine. Radioactive metabolites co-eluted with inositol mono-phosphate and inositol bis-phosphate, whereas only minor amounts appeared with inositol tris-phosphate. The content in phosphatidylinositols was decreased. No evidence was found for the involvement of a neurotransmitter. Sea anemone toxin II (around 1 μmol/l), which keeps the Na+-channels open, promoted the InsP accumulation in an atropine-resistant manner. Tetrodotoxin prevented it when given before, and inhibited it when given after initiation by sea anemone toxin II. Moreover the K+ channel blockers 4-aminopyridine, dendrotoxin and tetraethylammonium all caused InsP accumulation. Palytoxin was by far the most potent promoter of InsP accumulation with a detection limit below 10 pmol/l, and displayed a unique bell-shaped concentration-effect correlation. Ouabain (3 μmol/l) and above) also elicited the InsP accumulation. The response to carbachol was not only inhibited completely by atropine, but also partially (more than 50%) by tetrodotoxin, which indicates the involvement of voltage-dependent sodium channels in the receptor-triggered InsP accumulation. Thus independent of the causative agent, depolarization promotes an InsP accumulation. We conclude that degradation of phosphatidylinositols is mediated not only by receptor occupation but also by a positive shift in membrane voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 323-329 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Tetanus toxin ; Limited proteolysis ; Leucocytes ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single-chain toxin was investigated in vitro and in vivo for limited proteolysis into the fully active two-chain toxin. Plasmin from serum, elastase and gelatinase from leucocytes, as well as clostripain from C. histolyticum cleaved single-chain toxin and increased by that way its ability to inhibit [3H]noradrenaline release in vitro. Cultured mouse brain generated fragments from 125I-single-chain toxin which were cell-associated. Some of them comigrated in electrophoresis with light and heavy chain after mercaptolysis. When injected i. v. into rats, 125I-single-chain-toxin disappeared from the blood with a half-life of about 11 h without signs of nicking. However, after its injection into the triceps surae muscle both single- and two-chain toxin were found in the ipsilateral ventral horn of the spinal cord. Thus single-chain toxin is subjected to limited proteolysis by enzymes involved in tissue damage, by cultured brain tissue, and during or after its retrograde axonal transport to the spinal cord. Limited proteolysis is necessary for the release of the light chain known to mediate the action of toxin on several systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 264 (1969), S. 172-186 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Bovine Serum ; Kininogen ; Peptides ; Enzymes ; Structure Evaluation ; Rinderserum ; Kininogen ; Peptide ; Enzyme ; Struktur-aufklärung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Rinderserum ergab beim Umsatz mit Pepsin niedermolekulare, kininliefernde Spaltstücke. Das durch Fällung, Verteilung, Gelfiltration und Jonenaustausch-Chromatographie vorgereinigte Hydrolysat ließ sich durch Papierchromatographie in 2 Fraktionen trennen, auf die sich die kininliefernde Gruppierung im Verhältnis 5∶1 verteilte. 2. Beide kininliefernde Fraktionen waren resistent gegen Carboxypeptidase B, was gegen eine C-terminale Position der Kininsequenz spricht. Sie waren aktivierbar durch Trypsin, Pankreaskallikrein und auch Carboxypeptidase A. Trypsin in höherer Konzentration entwickelte aus der Hauptfraktion (L) Bradykinin, während mit Pankreaskallikrein, Carboxypeptidase A und kleinen Trypsinmengen Met-Lys-Bradykinin entstand. Die „direkte“ Aktivität der Fraktionen am Meerschweinchenileum lag bei maximal 1–2% der „indirekten“. 3. Aus der chromatographisch langsameren Hauptfraktion (L) wurde hoch-spannungselektrophoretisch ein einheitliches Minimalsubstrat für Kininogenasen isoliert. In seiner Aminosäurenanalyse entsprach es dem aus gereinigtem Rinderserum-Kininogen isolierten Hauptpeptid PKFL; auch beim Edman-Abbau ergaben sich keine Unterschiede. 4. Die früher für gereinigtes Kininogen beschriebenen Sequenzen sind also auch für Gesamtserum repräsentativ. Hinweise auf andersartige Peptide, insbesondere auf solche mit der Kininsequenz in C-terminaler Position, ergaben sich nicht.
    Notes: Summary 1. Peptic treatment of bovine serum produced kinin yielding substances of low molecular weight. The hydrolyzate was purified by precipitation, partition, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Subsequent paper chromatography revealed two fractions with a 5∶1 distribution of the kinin-yielding property. 2. Both kinin-yielding fractions were resistant to carboxypeptidase B, a finding which argues against a C-terminal position of the kinin sequence. They could be activated by trypsin, pancreatic kallikrein, and carboxypeptidase A. Higher concentrations of trypsin released bradykinin from the main fraction (L), whereas pancreatic kallikrein, carboxypeptidase A and low amounts of trypsin produced met-lysbradykinin. The “direct” activity of the fractions as measured on the guinea pig ileum was no more than 1–2% of the “indirect” activity. 3. A homogeneous minimal substrate was isolated from the chromatographically slower fraction L by high voltage electrophoresis. With respect to amino acid analysis and Edman degradation, it could not be distinguished from the peptide PKFL isolated from purified bovine kininogen. 4. Therefore, the sequences described previously in purified kininogen are also representative for whole serum. Evidence for different peptides, especially with the kinin sequence in C-terminal position, was not found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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