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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field and greenhouse evaluation of the components of partial resistance to early leafspot in peanut (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 561-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; groundnut ; peanut ; Cercospora arachidicola ; early leafspot ; partial resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were evaluated fro components of partial resistance to Cercospora arachidicola Hori in the field and in two detached leaf tests in the greenhouse. The relationships among the resistance components in the two environments were examined by computing rank correlations among the components measured in the greenhouse and among those measured in the field. A comparison of field and greenhouse testing for partial resistance was made by determining the correlations between components measured in the two testing methods. The genotypes were significantly different for all the components of resistant measured in the field and for most of the components measured in the greenhouse. In the field study necrotic area/10 cm2 leaf area was moderately correlated (r=0.58) with lesion number/10 cm2 leaf area and highly correlated (r=0.71−0.76) with total lesion number, predicted number of days after planting (X) to reach a standard lesion count, and defoliation. In the greenhouse only the correlation between necrotic area (mm2)/10 cm2 leaf area and sporulation/leaf was highly significant (r=0.71−0.83) in both greenhouse tests. Necrotic area (mm2)/10 cm2 leaf area measured in the field was significantly correlated with that measured in the greenhouse (r=0.66). Sporulation/leaf measured in the greennhouse was significantly correlated (r=0.66) with lesion increase in the field (measured as predicted X). It should thus be possible to evaluate and select for components of partial resistance in the greenhouse to develop resistant lines for the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021865
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent selection progress in a population derived from an interspecific peanut cross (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut ; groundnut ; recurrent selection ; interspecific hybrid ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two cycles of recurrent selection for yield were previously conducted using a population of Arachis hypogaea L.-like tetraploid hybrid derivatives selected from among the progeny of a cross between A. hypogaea and A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., a diploid species with resistance to late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Burk. and Curt.) Deighton). Using the 10 highest yielding parents from each of the above cycles of recurrent selection, a study was conducted for 12 morphological traits and susceptibility to leafspot infection in a replicated test at a single location. The two parents used to initiate the interspecific hybrid population (PI 261942-3 and A. cardenasii) as well as two adapted cultivars (Florigiant and NC 7) were included as checks. The objectives of the study were to determine the amount of genetic variation remaining in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection in order to predict whether further progress from selection could be expected and determine the potential for utilizing wild species for the improvement of quantitative traits in peanut. The results indicate that significant levels of genetic variation remain in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection for all traits measured, including several components of yield and leafspot resistance. This suggests that continued progress in population improvement from further cycles of selection should be possible while enhancing the genetic diversity of cultivated peanut germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining ability for yield, protein and oil of peanut lines from South American centers of diversity (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 561-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut ; groundnut ; diallel ; general combining ability ; centers of diversity ; maternal effects ; early generation testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines, two from each of five centers of diversity in South America, and the F2 generation of all possible crosses among them were used to characterize the variation for yield, fruit and seed traits and protein and oil content and to determine the breeding potential of the parents. Two of the parental lines belong to subspecies hypogaea and the other eight to subspecies fastigiata. Several crosses gave heterotic responses for yield. The parents of the crosses with significant heterosis generally came from different centers of diversity. Variation among both general and specific combining abilities was significant for all traits with the exception of the SCA estimate for protein percent. The component of variation for GCA was larger than the SCA component for all traits. A Spanish line and a Valencia-like intermediate line from the Guarani region had the highest GCA effects for fruit yield, seed yield and meat content and transmitted consistently their characteristics to their F2 progeny. Some lines showed significant but small maternal effects for oil, protein and oil + protein percent. Differences between reciprocal crosses were significant for fruit length, fruit weight and oil + protein percent. A significant portion of the variation among crosses was explained by differences among parental lines within centers of diversity. This supports the fact that centers are founded because of the diversity of the peanuts grown there. The performance of parental lines per se was useful in predicting the performance of the lines in hybrid combination for all traits except fruit yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in progenies of an Arachis hypogaea x diploid wild species hybrid (1979)
    Springer
    Euphytica 28 (1979), S. 675-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; groundnut ; peanut ; Arachis sp. ; germplasm ; interspecific hybrids ; Cercospora arachidicola ; Cercosporidium ; leafspot ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Derivatives of a cross between cultivated peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L. (2n=40), and the wild species collection GKP 10017 (2n=20) were compared morphologically, for leafspot resistance and for yield. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of wild species germplasm on the A. hypogaea genome. The sterile F1 hybrid which resulted from crossing the two species was treated with colchicine to restore fertility at the 6x ploidy level. The resulting hexaploid was cytologically unstable and progeny lost chromosomes until stability was regained at the 2n=40 chromosome level. Forty-seven characters were used to analyze the variation among plants in the tetraploid interspecific hybrid population. The plants were compared to four cultivated lines plus GKP 10017. Many hybrids were intermediate to the two parents in morphology. Individual traits such as growth habit, pod and seed size, elongation of the constricted area between pods, nodulation and leaflet size were altered by the presence of GKP 10017 germplasm in many of the hybrid plants. Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton resistances were evaluated for all plants. Several hybrids had few lesions due to either leafspot pathogen. In addition, 24 largeseeded interspecific hybrid selections were compared to the cultivated variety NC 5 for yield. Five selections were superior to both parents at p=0.01. Morphology, disease resistance and yields appeared to be greatly influenced by the wild species GKP 10017 germplasm in plants of the interspecific hybrid population. The potentials of using wild species for improvement of the cultivated peanut are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038934
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytology and leafspot resistance in Arachis hypogaea x wild species hybrids (1982)
    Springer
    Euphytica 31 (1982), S. 885-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; groundnut ; peanut ; interspecific hybrids ; Cercospora arachidicola ; leafspot
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Introgression of germplasm from diploid wild Arachis species to A. hypogaea has great potential for improving pest resistance in cultivated peanuts. This investigation evaluated methods for incorporating exotic germplasm into cultivated peanuts, especially for Cercospora arachidicola Hori resistance. Interspecific hybrids between A. hypogaea (cvs. NC 2 and NC 5) and the wild species A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. and A. chacoense Krap. et Greg. nom. nud. were analyzed cytologically and for leafspot resistance. All F1 hybrids were sterile, had irregular meiosis, and very few multivalents. They were highly resistant to C. arachidicola in field tests and had a 10-fold reduction of conidia per lesion in the greenhouse as compared to A. hypogaea cultivars. After colchicine treatments of F1 hybrids, hexaploids (2n=60) and aneuploids (2n=54, 56, 63) were observed. The hexaploids had up to 18 univalents per pollen mother cell and very few multivalents, indicating a low frequency of intergenomic chromosome pairing. For C. arachidicola resistance, significant differences were not found among wild species parents, F1 hybrids and two generations of hexaploids. Most hexaploids were stable at 2n=60 and embryos aborted when backcrosses with the respective wild species were attempted. However, when hexaploids were backcrossed to A. hypogaea, several fertile pentaploid (2n=50) offspring were obtained. Use of self-pollinating pentaploids is believed to be the quickest method to recover 40-chromosome hybrid derivatives in these hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039228
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