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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Breeding for Disease Resistance in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) (1991)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 29 (1991), S. 279-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.py.29.090191.001431
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential for Incorporation of Early and Late Leafspot Resistance in Peanut (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 97 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A detached leaf technique was used to evaluate components of resistance to both early and late leafspot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk, and Curt.) Deighton, respectively, for F2 plants of two peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crosses (FESR 5-P2-B1 /PI 269685 and PI 35068Q/GP-NC 343), No negative correlations were obtained when comparing components of resistance to early leafspot with components of resistance to late leafspot, indicating that the resistances are inherited independently. A small number of F2 plants had greater partial resistance to both leafspots than their parents when evaluated by an index including percent necrotic area, latent period and sporulation. Broad sense heritabilities of resistance components were moderate to high (0.4 to 0.8) for the F2 populations. A visual sporulation rating scale was significantly correlated (0.8 to 0.9) with conidia per lesion and conidia per necrotic area. The data suggest that peanut cultivars resistant to both leafspots can be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1986.tb01047.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Bradyrhizobium Strain on Combining Ability for Nitrogen Fixation in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 103 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Improving the host genotype is one method of increasing biological nitrogen fixation by Bradyrhizobium in symbiosis with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), but host-strain interactions also must be considered. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of Bradyrhizobium strains on the inheritance of traits related to nitrogen fixation. Eight parents and the F1 generation of a diallel cross were evaluated in symbiosis with two bacterial strains for combining ability in a factorial arrangement in the greenhouse. The parents represented three taxa of cultivated peanuts. The two Bradyrhizobium strains NC 92 and NC 123 produced different general and specific combining ability, maternal (reciprocal general) effects, and reciprocal specific effects for the host genotypes. With strain NC 92, the peanut cultivars NC 7 and NC Ac 2821 had the best general combining ability for all traits evaluated; while, with strain NC 123, Robut 33-1 exhibited a high general combining ability (GCA) for nitrogenase activity and specific activity. Genotype NC Ac 2821, when inoculated with strain NC 123, had a negative GCA effect for nodule number, while with strain NC 92 this cultivar had the highest GCA effect. The importance of strain selection in evaluating lines in a breeding program is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1989.tb00362.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection Among Early Generation Peanut Progeny for High and Low Acetylene Reduction and Plant Weight (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 101 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Selection of superior host genotypes in symbiosis with native Bradyrhizobium has been suggested as a means of increasing nitrogen fixation m peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In this study progeny from a cross of cultivars ‘Florigiant’ and ‘Florunner’ inter-mated twice and selected for yield formed the base population. The 44 selected S2,1 families, ‘Florigiant’ and ‘Florunner’ were evaluated at two sampling dates at each of two locations for traits indicative of nitrogen fixation. Five families were selected in each of four selection groups — high and low acetylene reduction and high and low plant weight. Selected families were retested in a second year and inter-mated. S2,1 progeny within each selection group were bulked and evaluated for nitrogen-if using characteristics at two ‘sampling dates at two locations. After intermating, the mean of the high acetylene reduction group, 62.9 μ/moles C2H4/plant hr, was Significantly greater than the mean of the low acetylene reduction group, 52.5 μmoles C2H4/plant/hr, and of the mid-parent, 55.8 μ/moles C2H4/plant/hr. The associated estimate of realised heritability was 55 ± 08 indicating the response to selection was approximately halt the selection differential and that the distinction between families selected for high and low acetylene redaction was maintained after intermating. However, the realized heritability estimate obtained from the means of the base population and the selected families inbred one generation was .14 ± .06 indicating a failure to maintain distinct groups after one generation of inbreeding. The utility of early generation selection for enhanced N: fixation is, therefore, doubtful in this population.Selection based on plant weight was not effective. A significant difference in the plant weight means of the high and low plant weight groups was not detected when selections were retested or after inter-mating. Plant weight was not a useful indirect selection criterion for enhanced N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1988.tb00290.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation means analysis for productivity in two diverse peanut crosses (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 784-792 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Germplasm ; Genetic diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Utilization of exotic germplasm resources for population improvement in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) has increased as the need to increase genetic diversity among peanut cultivars was recognized. Progeny of crosses of two unadapted germplasm lines (GP-NC 343 and FESR-11-P11-32) with an adapted cultivar (‘NCV11’) of peanut were evaluated for the genetic factors influencing the inheritance of yield and fruit characters in crosses among diverse lines. Objectives were to (1) estimate the relative importance of additive and nonadditive genetic effects in the inheritance of yield and fruit characters in two diverse peanut crosses; (2) determine the proportion of exotic germplasm that gave the optimum combination of mean productivity and genetic variability for each of the crosses; (3) relate the results to theories regarding the transfer of desirable alleles from exotic germplasm into adapted breeding populations. Crosses and backcrosses were made to generate germplasm lines (ten generations) ranging from 0 to 100% exotic germplasm for each cross. The populations were evaluated in replicated field trials. Yield and six fruit characters were measured, and a weighted analysis of variance was conducted to determine if significant differences existed among generations. Generation means analyses were performed for each trait measured in each of the crosses using both three- and six-parameter models, which were tested for goodness-of-fit with a joint-scaling test. Significant differences were detected among generations for most traits measured in both crosses. Estimates of additive genetic effects were significant for pod weight and seed weight in cross 1 (‘NC-V11’ x GP-NC 343) and for all traits in cross 2 (‘NC-V11’ x FESR-11-P11-32) except seed∶pod ratio. Significant estimates of dominance effects were found for pod length, pod width, and pod weight in cross 1 and for pod length in cross 2. No significant estimates of digenic effects were observed in cross 1, whereas in cross 2 estimates of additive x dominance epistatic effects were significant for yield and pod length, while estimates of additive x additive effects were significant for seed number. Regression of trait means on generations showed a curvilinear response for all traits in cross 1 except seed weight, which gave a linear response. For all traits in cross 2, the relationship between productivity and proportion of unadapted germplasm was effectively linear. Based on generation means and variances, progeny from the first or second backcross generation to the recurrent parent should be expected to give an optimum combination of mean productivity and relative variability in the population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227326
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diallel and generation means analyses for the components of resistance to Cercospora arachidicola in peanut (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 228-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Early leafspot ; Arachis hypogaea L. ; Groundnut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The inheritance of the components of partial resistance to Cercospora arachidicola Hori in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) was examined in two five-parent diallels and in the six generations of two single crosses in greenhouse tests. The Griffing (1956) analysis indicated general combining ability (GCA) to be of most importance, yet large ratios of SCA/GCA sum of squares suggested nonadditive genetic variance as well. Reciprocal effects were found for lesion area and lesion number/10 cm2 leaf area. The importance of nonadditive genetic variance was substantiated by the lack of fit for the additive-dominance model in the Hayman's analysis (1954 a, b). Further evidence from the Hayman's analysis indicated that epistasis may be important in determining the inheritance of some of the components of resistance. Additive gene effects alone accounted for the genetic variability observed among the generation means from two single crosses for all components of resistance except latent period. There was evidence that epistasis was an important mode of gene action for the inheritance of latent period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289279
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of microspore stage and media on anther culture of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (1991)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 24 (1991), S. 25-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: anther culture ; Arachis ; media ; microspore development ; peanut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to study the effects of stage of microspore development and culture medium on androgenic response in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Anthers of various developmental stages were cultured for 7 days, then fixed and observed cytologically. Three sets of media, involving different basal media, growth regulators, sucrose levels and glutamine concentrations, were tested. In all experiments, the stage of development of the microspores at the time of culture was highly significant. The early uninucleate microspores stage was identified as producing the highest anther response rating. The effect of media was nonsignificant in all experiments. However, the stepwise modification of the media through the course of the study resulted in an almost 8 x increase in anther response rating. Numerically, the best media tested was N6 basal medium with 1 mg 1-1 NAA, 0.1 mg 1-1 BA, 5.5% sucrose, and 3.5 g 1-1 glutamine. While no haploids were obtained, four-nucleate cells were observed, indicating the potential in peanuts for an androgenic reponse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044261
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field and greenhouse evaluation of the components of partial resistance to early leafspot in peanut (1986)
    Springer
    Euphytica 35 (1986), S. 561-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; groundnut ; peanut ; Cercospora arachidicola ; early leafspot ; partial resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes were evaluated fro components of partial resistance to Cercospora arachidicola Hori in the field and in two detached leaf tests in the greenhouse. The relationships among the resistance components in the two environments were examined by computing rank correlations among the components measured in the greenhouse and among those measured in the field. A comparison of field and greenhouse testing for partial resistance was made by determining the correlations between components measured in the two testing methods. The genotypes were significantly different for all the components of resistant measured in the field and for most of the components measured in the greenhouse. In the field study necrotic area/10 cm2 leaf area was moderately correlated (r=0.58) with lesion number/10 cm2 leaf area and highly correlated (r=0.71−0.76) with total lesion number, predicted number of days after planting (X) to reach a standard lesion count, and defoliation. In the greenhouse only the correlation between necrotic area (mm2)/10 cm2 leaf area and sporulation/leaf was highly significant (r=0.71−0.83) in both greenhouse tests. Necrotic area (mm2)/10 cm2 leaf area measured in the field was significantly correlated with that measured in the greenhouse (r=0.66). Sporulation/leaf measured in the greennhouse was significantly correlated (r=0.66) with lesion increase in the field (measured as predicted X). It should thus be possible to evaluate and select for components of partial resistance in the greenhouse to develop resistant lines for the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021865
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recurrent selection progress in a population derived from an interspecific peanut cross (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 79-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut ; groundnut ; recurrent selection ; interspecific hybrid ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two cycles of recurrent selection for yield were previously conducted using a population of Arachis hypogaea L.-like tetraploid hybrid derivatives selected from among the progeny of a cross between A. hypogaea and A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., a diploid species with resistance to late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum (Burk. and Curt.) Deighton). Using the 10 highest yielding parents from each of the above cycles of recurrent selection, a study was conducted for 12 morphological traits and susceptibility to leafspot infection in a replicated test at a single location. The two parents used to initiate the interspecific hybrid population (PI 261942-3 and A. cardenasii) as well as two adapted cultivars (Florigiant and NC 7) were included as checks. The objectives of the study were to determine the amount of genetic variation remaining in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection in order to predict whether further progress from selection could be expected and determine the potential for utilizing wild species for the improvement of quantitative traits in peanut. The results indicate that significant levels of genetic variation remain in the population after two cycles of recurrent selection for all traits measured, including several components of yield and leafspot resistance. This suggests that continued progress in population improvement from further cycles of selection should be possible while enhancing the genetic diversity of cultivated peanut germplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021318
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining ability for yield, protein and oil of peanut lines from South American centers of diversity (1980)
    Springer
    Euphytica 29 (1980), S. 561-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis hypogaea ; peanut ; groundnut ; diallel ; general combining ability ; centers of diversity ; maternal effects ; early generation testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lines, two from each of five centers of diversity in South America, and the F2 generation of all possible crosses among them were used to characterize the variation for yield, fruit and seed traits and protein and oil content and to determine the breeding potential of the parents. Two of the parental lines belong to subspecies hypogaea and the other eight to subspecies fastigiata. Several crosses gave heterotic responses for yield. The parents of the crosses with significant heterosis generally came from different centers of diversity. Variation among both general and specific combining abilities was significant for all traits with the exception of the SCA estimate for protein percent. The component of variation for GCA was larger than the SCA component for all traits. A Spanish line and a Valencia-like intermediate line from the Guarani region had the highest GCA effects for fruit yield, seed yield and meat content and transmitted consistently their characteristics to their F2 progeny. Some lines showed significant but small maternal effects for oil, protein and oil + protein percent. Differences between reciprocal crosses were significant for fruit length, fruit weight and oil + protein percent. A significant portion of the variation among crosses was explained by differences among parental lines within centers of diversity. This supports the fact that centers are founded because of the diversity of the peanuts grown there. The performance of parental lines per se was useful in predicting the performance of the lines in hybrid combination for all traits except fruit yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023203
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