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  • Astrocytoma  (1)
  • Key words Tethered spinal cord syndrome  (1)
  • Subarachnoid haemorrhage  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 68 (1997), S. 285-291 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tethered-spinal-cord-Syndrom ; Erwachsene ; Key words Tethered spinal cord syndrome ; Adults
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The tethered spinal cord syndrome is more often encountered in children, but does also occur in adults. Its clinical spectrum comprises low back pain, neurological deficits such as distal motor weakness and trophic and sensory disturbances in the legs, urological symptoms and such musculoskeletal signs as scoliosis or foot deformities. In addition, cutaneous lesions or subcutaneous lipomas in the lumbosacral region may be indirect signs of an intraspinal pathology. This consists in a tight, thickened and sometimes shortened filum terminale, an intraspinal lipoma, intradural scar formation or other lesions that lead to conus fixation. The common mechanism of injury of these types of pathologies is an impairment of longitudinal movement of the spinal cord, especially the conus medullaris, which subsequently leads to chronic local ischemia. Diagnosis is most readily achieved by magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is aimed at the restoration of cord mobility by means of microsurgical release of the conus, the cauda equina and the filum terminale with the aid of cauda equina neuromonitoring. Further progression can be effectively halted; in fact almost half of the patients actually improve. Therefore, every patient presenting with the clinical diagnosis of tethered cord syndrome should be offered specialized surgical treatment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Tethered-spinal-cord Syndrom ist ein auch bei Erwachsenen auftretender klinischer Symptomenkomplex. Er umfaßt Lumbalgien, neurologische Ausfälle, wie distal betonte Paresen, trophische und Sensibilitätsstörungen der Beine und des Gesäßes, urologische Symptome, wie Miktionsstörungen, und orthopädische Veränderungen, wie Wirbelsäulenfehlhaltungen und Fußdeformitäten. Nävi und subkutane Lipome in der Lumbosakralregion können den klinischen Verdacht auf eine für die Symptomatik verantwortliche intraspinale Pathologie lenken. Diese besteht in einem gespannten, verdickten und z.T. auch verkürzten Filum terminale oder einem intraspinalen Lipom, das den Konus des Rückenmarks fixiert. Der gemeinsame zu den klinischen Veränderungen führende Pathomechanismus dieser Läsionen ist eine Einschränkung der longitudinalen Bewegungsfreiheit des Rückenmarks, insbesondere des Conus medullaris, was aufgrund der biophysikalischen Eigenschaften des Marks eine lokale Ischämie im Rückenmark zur Folge hat. Zur bildgebenden Diagnostik eignet sich in erster Linie die lumbosakrale Magnetresonanztomographie. Die Behandlung besteht in einer Wiederherstellung der Bewegungsfreiheit des Conus medullaris mittels mikrochirurgischer Durchtrennung des Filum terminale unter Monitoring der sakralen Nervenwurzeln. Die Aussichten, einer Verschlechterung des Zustands bei geringem Komplikationsrisiko Einhalt zu gebieten, sind gut, zusätzlich wird immerhin in etwas weniger als der Hälfte der Fälle eine Besserung erreicht. Allen Patienten, die mehr als nur kutane Dysraphiezeichen aufweisen und besonders denjenigen mit progredienter Symptomatik sollte eine spezialisierte chirurgische Behandlung angeboten werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Subarachnoid haemorrhage ; vasospasm ; intracranial blood flow ; ultrasound ; nimodipine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 70 consecutive patients admitted within four days after the first aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were evaluated by daily transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) measurement of the blood flow velocities (BFVs) of both middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and by daily recordings of their clinical grade (Hunt and Hess). Patients with no or only little subarachnoid blood in the first CT after admission were classified as low-risk for the development of symptomatic vasospasm (VSP), and patients with big subarachnoid clots or thick layers of subarachnoid blood were graded as high-risk patients for symptomatic VSP. The first series of 33 patients received no nimodipine whereas the second series of 37 patients were treated with nimodipine 2 mg/h intravenously, starting within 24 hours after the SAH in the majority of patients. 7–14 days postoperatively, the intravenous dose was changed to oral nimodipine 60 mg/q4h for one week and then discontinued. A mean BFV curve of the side with the higher flow velocities correlated with the mean clinical status (Hunt and Hess) was calculated by computer analysis for the patients treated without nimodipine and for those receiving nimodipine in each risk group. The mean BFV curves of the same risk groups were compared in order to evaluate the effect of nimodipine for the prevention of vasospasm following SAH. The delayed neurological deficits (DIND) and the functional outcome six months after the SAH were recorded in each group and compared. Nimodipine given within four days after the SAH did not prevent vasospasm evaluated by TCD, but it significantly reduced the severity of the vasoconstriction, especially in high-risk patients. It reduced significantly the incidence of DIND in high-risk patients and improved their functional outcome. Although nimodipine may have a reduced efficacy in preventing vasospasm after early operation of high-risk patients, it probably protects the brain by increasing its tolerance to focal ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Astrocytoma ; brain neoplasm ; outcome ; prognosis ; epilepsy ; radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 50 adult supratentorial low-grade astrocytomas operated upon between 1984 and 1988 were analysed retrospectively with respect to postoperative condition and progression-free survival. Pilocytic lesions were excluded. In 32 instances the tumour was macroscopically completely removed and partially in 4. In 14 cases a stereotactic biopsy was performed only. 10 patients received postoperative radiotherapy with 55 to 65 Gy. 1 patient died perioperatively from pulmonary embolism. 39 patients could resume their previous activities after discharge from the hospital, 10 were significantly disabled by neurological deficit, reduced neuropsychological performance or medically intractable epilepsy. Postoperatively, most patients required continuous anti-epileptic medication. 10 recurrences or tumour progressions of incompletely removed or merely biopsied lesions were observed within the mean follow-up period of 22 months. All recurrences after gross total removal, that were reoperated, had progressed to a malignant glioma. Of the prognostic tumour characteristics analysed, a histologically well-delineated tumour demarcation was most clearly associated with a favourable prognosis. Concerning treatment modalities, gross total resection was associated with a favourable prognosis. Radiotherapy was associated with an unfavourable outcome but this is probably due to selection of otherwise unfavourable cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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