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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose proportional absorption of 25–150 mg atenolol (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 305-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atenolol ; bioavailability ; intestinal absorption ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We investigated the dose proportionality after the intake of oral atenolol 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg. Standard tablets were taken by 8 healthy volunteers in randomised order of doses. The area under the curve divided by dose did not differ between the doses, indicating that the absorption of this hydrophilic compound, with known incomplete bioavailability, was constant over the range tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271380
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The availability of orally administered nortriptyline (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 181-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; single-dose kinetics ; plasma/blood concentrations ; metabolites ; absorption ; availability ; apparent volume of distribution ; plasma/blood clearances ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The availability of an orally administered drug may be defined as the fraction of the total dose that enters the blood. Three healthy subjects were given identical doses of nortriptyline hydrochloride (NT-HCl) by the oral and intramuscular routes. The availability was assessed by comparing the total areas under the NT plasma concentration-time curves produced by the two methods of administration. The concentrations of NT in plasma and blood were determined by gas chromatography — mass spectrometry and were found to be almost identical. The observed availability of NT in these subjects ranged between 56 and 70% (mean 64%). The availability predicted from the parenteral plasma levels (assuming an average hepatic blood flow of 1.7 l/min) differed from the observed availability in one subject, perhaps because of the known variation in liver blood flow between individuals. The gastrointestinal absorption of NT-HCl was complete, since the recovery of the main metabolite, 10-hydroxynortriptyline, was the same after the two routes of administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the data showed that there might exist interindividual differences in the apparent volume of distribution of NT, (Vd)β. There was no apparent relationship between the variations in availability of NT and “steady-state” plasma levels or the disposition plasma half-lives of the drug. The calculated (Vd)β and (t 1/2)β of NT for each subject were in good agreement with those obtained from a previous study of single oral does of NT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00564900
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations and effects of methaqualone after single and multiple oral doses in man (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 449-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methaqualone ; single and multiple dose kinetics ; dose-effect relationship ; sedation ; plasma concentration ; protein binding ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three healthy subjects took methaqualone (1.0 mg/kg) once daily for 16 days. Equilibrium concentrations in plasma were established after multiple oral doses and there was a linear post-steady state decline in the log plasma concentration of methaqualone. The drug was also given as single oral doses and plasma concentrations were followed for 5 days (t1/2=36 to 38 h.). Sedative effects were studied by psychophysiological tests and subjective ratings both in the single and multiple dose experiments. A significant impairment of flicker fusion discrimination ability occurred during the increase in the plasma concentration of the drug; maximum effects preceded peak plasma concentrations and the impairment disappeared whilst plasma concentrations were still high. The same effects were found in the subjective ratings. The drug was shown to have a possible tremorogenic effect after a hypnotic dose. One subject experienced sedation during the multiple dose experiment, despite the use of a low dose, an observation that should be taken into account, e.g. in car driving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00560357
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of activated charcoal on plasma levels of nortriptyline after single doses in man (1973)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 5 (1973), S. 236-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Activated charcoal ; tricyclic antidepressant ; nortriptyline ; intoxication ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six healthy volunteers were given nortriptyline (NT) in doses of 0.86–1.00 mg/kg. There was a significant (P〈0.05) decrease in absorption of the drug if 5 g of activated charcoal was administered half an hour afterwards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567010
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of phenytoin in man (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 7 (1974), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenytoin ; single- and multiple dose pharmacokinetics ; dose-dependent kinetics ; bioavailability ; plasma concentration ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentration of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) have been studied in 5 volunteers after single oral and iv doses (5.0 mg sodium DPH/kg), and after multiple oral doses (2.0 mg sodium DPH/kg b.i.d. for 12 days). The data were analysed according to a one compartment model. The plasma half-life was 14.5 h±1.2 S.D. after i.v. administration, its apparent volume of distribution varied little (0.52 l/kg±0.04) and its bioavailability ranged between 0.70 and 1.0 (mean 0.87). After oral administration peak plasma concentrations were reached in 4 to 12 h. Elimination curves were slightly convex, probably due to an effect of slow absorption. Steady-state plasma levels varied twofold between individuals after multiple oral doses and exceeded those predicted from the single i.v. dose by 29 to 77%. The discrepancy was considered to be due to transition to dose-dependent kinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561319
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of fluoride in man after single and multiple oral doses (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Fluoride ; single- and multiple dose kinetics ; plasma concentration ; urinary excretion ; saliva/plasma concentration ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The doses of fluoride (F) recommended in the literature for caries prevention and for the treatment of osteoporosis vary. This partly reflects inadequate knowledge of F pharmacokinetics. In the present study various single and multiple oral doses of F were given to eight volunteers, who had a strictly controlled F intake in the diet. The resulting plasma and parotid saliva concentrations as well as urinary output of F were measured. The plasma data fitted a two-compartment open model with a β-slope half-life ranging between 2 and 9 h. Plasma clearance was 0.15±0.02 (SD) liter/kg/h. Data from the highest dose (10 mg) were fitted to both two- and three-compartment models, and there was no significant difference between them. Multiple doses of F 3.0 or 4.5 mg yielded steady state concentrations ranging from 54 to 145 ng/ml. About 50 per cent of the given dose was recovered in the urine, which is indicative of considerable accumulation in the body. The saliva F/plasma F concentration ratio was 0.64 with a coefficient of variation of 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00607432
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-blind dose-response study of indomethacin in rheumatoid arthritis (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: indomethacin ; rheumatoid arthritis ; double-blind cross-over study ; placebo ; clinical effect ; technetium uptake ; plasma concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Indomethacin 0, 15, 25 and 35 mg t. i. d. was given in randomized order for two weeks to eight outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis in a double-blind study. At the end of each treatment period the clinical response was evaluated by subjective and objective methods and the plasma indomethacin concentration was measured by GLC-mass fragmentography. Compared with non-treatment periods, indomethacin had a statistically significant therapeutic effect as judged by global assessment, duration of morning stiffness, use of escape analgesia, articular index and pain score, but there was no relation between the clinical effect and the size of the dose or the plasma concentration of the drug. Technetium uptake over the affected joints did not change during indomethacin therapy, which might reflect a lack of effect on the local activity of the disease. Lower doses than those currently prescribed are probably sufficient to alleviate symptoms in this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570161
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