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  • Attention  (1)
  • Raphe nuclei  (1)
  • soft tissue sarcoma  (1)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 94 (1988), S. 84-91 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Serotonin ; 8-OH-DPAT ; Anxiety ; Stress ; Raphe nuclei ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of a selective serotonin1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), were studied in two animal models of anxiety. Peripherally injected 8-OH-DPAT in doses ranging from 0.125 to 2.0 mg/kg did not increase black-white transitions (BWT) and black square entries (BSE) in a two-compartment exploratory test or punished responding in a test of conditioned suppression of drinking. With 2.0 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT BSE and unpunished responding were reduced. In an investigation of the drinking time of water-deprived rats, naive or habituated to the test environment, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT increased the drinking time of naive rats but 2.0 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT reduced that of habituated animals. In animals deprived of water for 48 h or subjected to immobilization stress for 2 h, 1.0 mg/kg 8-OH-DPAT increased BWT and BSE values in the two-compartment exploratory test. Infusions of 5 μg/0.5 μl 8-OH-DPAT in the nucleus raphe medianus increased BWT and BSE values in the exploratory test and punished responding in the test of conditioned suppression of drinking, whereas the same dose of 8-OH-DPAT injected in the nucleus raphe dorsalis had no effect on punished but suppressed unpunished responding. The effects of 8-OH-DPAT are only detectable in the appropriate experimental conditions. When injected systemically, the effects are evident when a state of arousal of the animals contributes to the overall behavioural output. 8-OH-DPAT shows effects comparable to those of established anxiolytics such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates when it is injected in the nucleus raphe medianus, but not in the dorsalis. The data support the hypothesis that brain serotonin is involved in the mechanisms mediating behavioural suppression in the presence of aversive stimuli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Attention ; d-Amphetamine ; alpha-Flupenthixol ; Mesolimbic dopamine ; Nucleus accumbens ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A test of attentional switching was devised for the rat in which it obtained sucrose reinforcement by an appropriate nose-poke response that discriminated which of two visual events terminated first, in a specially designed chamber. The effect of mesolimbic dopamine depletion (to 20% of control values) produced by infusions of 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) into the nucleus accumbens (N. Acc) on stable discrimination was measured alone and in the presence of a range of doses of d-amphetamine (0.4–2.3 mg/kg IP). The 6-OHDA lesion of the N. Acc impaired post-operative performance transiently by reducing choice accuracy and slowing response latency. By post-operative days 12–16, however, performance recovered to control levels and was not differentially affected by a mainpulation of task difficulty. d-Amphetamine produced dose-dependent performance impairments, which were antagonised by the 6-OHDA treatment. In a second group of N. Acc lesioned rats, the neuroleptic alpha-flupenthixol (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) led to fewer trials being completed and longer latencies than in the sham-operated control group. The results are discussed in terms of the possible attentional mechanisms underlying the d-amphetamine-induced disruption of performance mediated by the N. Acc and of the implications for psychopathology resulting from possible dysfunction of this region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Schlagwort(e): alveolar soft part sarcoma ; pediatric tumors ; soft tissue sarcoma
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Background:Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignanttumor and little is known about its clinical features and management. Wereport on a series of 19 pediatric patients managed over 20 years. Patients and methods:Primary conservative surgery was performedin all patients and was radical in nine, non-radical in three; seven patientsunderwent biopsy alone (3 unresectable tumors, 4 metastatic disease). In twocases radical surgery was performed after primary chemotherapy. Radiotherapywas delivered to 8 patients, chemotherapy to 15. Results:After a median follow-up of 74 months, the five-yearsurvival was 80% for the whole series, 91% for patients withlocalized disease, 100% for patients with tumor ≤5 cm, and31% for those 〉5 cm; 16 of 19 patients were alive (12 of 12 withgrossly-resected tumor in first continuous remission). Chemotherapy achievedtwo partial remission among seven evaluable patients. Conclusions:Pediatric ASPS has a more favorable prognosis thanits adult counterpart. In this series, tumor size correlates with metastaticdisease at onset and is the major factor influencing survival. Surgery is themainstay of therapy. The effectiveness of adjuvant therapy remains to beestablished, though radiotherapy may be advisable in cases of inadequatesurgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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