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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrastriatal dopamine-rich grafts induce a hyperexpression of Fos protein when challenged with amphetamine (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 91 (1992), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dopamine-rich transplants ; Fos protein ; Nigrostriatal system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present experiment was to characterize the effect of intrastriatal grafts of embryonic dopaminergic neurones on the expression of Fos protein in the striatum when challenged with amphetamine. Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway were made in adult rats and grafting was performed 3 weeks later. The numbers of Fos-positive nuclei in the ipsi- and contralateral striata were counted on coronal sections following immunohistochemical staining 5 months after grafting. Administration of d-amphetamine induced an increase in the density of Fospositive nuclei in the intact striatum. This stimulatory effect of amphetamine on c-fos expression was blocked by 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide lesions and was restored in the striata bearing transplants. However, an overshoot was observed as the density of Fos-positive cells within the grafted striatum was larger than that observed within the intact striatum. This hyperexpression of Fos-positive nuclei was correlated with the exaggerated compensation of amphetamine-induced rotation in the same animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231653
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conditioning versus priming of dopaminergic grafts by amphetamine (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 93 (1993), S. 46-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Dopaminergic transplants ; Amphetamine ; Sensitization ; Conditioning ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous treatment with amphetamine can influence the rotational response induced by amphetamine in rats with dopaminergic grafts. In order to distinguish whether this is due to graft “priming” or conditioning effects of the drug, groups of adult rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra, or with the lesion plus grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue in the striatum, were exposed to either: (1) amphetamine in the test environment and saline in the home cage; (2) saline in the test environment and amphetamine in the home cage; or (3) saline in the test environment and saline in the home cage. During this conditioning stage of the experiment, rats with the lesion alone rotated ipsilaterally and rats with the lesion plus grafts contralaterally when tested after administration of amphetamine. The rotation sensitized, i.e. the rats with lesions made more ipsilateral and the rats with grafts more contralateral turns, with repeated injections of the drug. On a subsequent no-drug test, only the rats with grafts which had previously experienced amphetamine in the test environment (1) showed conditioned contralateral rotation. Rats with grafts which had received the same number of amphetamine injections, but experienced the effects of the drug in the home cage (2), rotated ipsilaterally on the no-drug test to the same extent as rats with grafts which had received only saline (3). Thus, amphetamine treatment per se did not “prime” grafts. Rather, the response of the rats with grafts was the result of formation of a conditioned association between the amphetamine and the environment with which it had been paired. Also, there was no evidence for graft “priming” in subsequent tail-pinch and iced water rotation tests. Grafts reduced ipsilateral rotation in these tests, but the reduction was independent of prior treatment with amphetamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227779
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the hemagglutinin molecule of influenza type A (H3N2) virus associated with increased virulence for mice (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 75-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. The H3N2 influenza virus A/Philippines/82 (Phil82) and its bovine serum-resistant mutant, Phil82/BS, were used to investigate factors that influence virulence of influenza virus for mice. Phil82/BS, which lacks the high-mannose oligosaccharide at residue 165 of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule, was found to replicate to a much higher titer in mouse lung than the parent Phil82, and had acquired lethality for mice. Further adaptation of Phil82/BS by sequential lung passage in mice yielded a strain of greater virulence, Phil82/BS/ML10, in which a change at residue 246 of HA resulted in loss of a second potential glycosylation site. Phil82 is highly sensitive to neutralization in vitro by murine serum- and lung-associated mannose-binding lectins (collectins). Characterization of the two mutant viruses indicated that resistance to murine collectins can account for the enhanced virulence of Phil82/BS but not for the further increase in virulence of Phil82/BS/ML10. Evidence is presented that residue 246 is not in fact glycosylated in Phil82/BS HA, nor presumably in the parent Phil82 virus. The HA molecule of Phil82/BS/ML10 displayed functional differences from Phil82/BS, including a change in the optimum pH of fusion and a minor change in receptor-binding specificity, which may allow improved efficiency of replication in the mouse lung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050060
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response disinhibition on a delayed matching to position task induced by amphetamine, nicotine and age (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 104 (1991), S. 137-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244568
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of d-amphetamine, alpha-flupenthixol, and mesolimbic dopamine depletion on a test of attentional switching in the rat (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 90 (1986), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Attention ; d-Amphetamine ; alpha-Flupenthixol ; Mesolimbic dopamine ; Nucleus accumbens ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A test of attentional switching was devised for the rat in which it obtained sucrose reinforcement by an appropriate nose-poke response that discriminated which of two visual events terminated first, in a specially designed chamber. The effect of mesolimbic dopamine depletion (to 20% of control values) produced by infusions of 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6-OHDA) into the nucleus accumbens (N. Acc) on stable discrimination was measured alone and in the presence of a range of doses of d-amphetamine (0.4–2.3 mg/kg IP). The 6-OHDA lesion of the N. Acc impaired post-operative performance transiently by reducing choice accuracy and slowing response latency. By post-operative days 12–16, however, performance recovered to control levels and was not differentially affected by a mainpulation of task difficulty. d-Amphetamine produced dose-dependent performance impairments, which were antagonised by the 6-OHDA treatment. In a second group of N. Acc lesioned rats, the neuroleptic alpha-flupenthixol (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) led to fewer trials being completed and longer latencies than in the sham-operated control group. The results are discussed in terms of the possible attentional mechanisms underlying the d-amphetamine-induced disruption of performance mediated by the N. Acc and of the implications for psychopathology resulting from possible dysfunction of this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172874
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