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  • Ballistocardiogram  (3)
  • Gas exchange  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 59 (1985), S. 339-345 
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Chicken ; Conductance, egg shell ; Egg ; Embryo, chicken ; Gas exchange ; Metabolic rate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Respiration Physiology 53 (1983), S. 173-185 
    ISSN: 0034-5687
    Keywords: Acid-base balance ; Avian egg ; Birds ; Blood gases ; Cardiac output ; Gas exchange ; Lactate ; Oxygen uptake
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 27 (1989), S. 399-404 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Avian embryos ; Ballistocardiogram ; Heart rate monitoring ; Noninvasive measurement ; Signal processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A noninvasive heart rate (HR) monitoring system for avian embryos has been developed based on the ballistocardiogram (BCG). The BCG was detected using a phonograph cartridge as a record of the velocity of the minute ballistic movements of the eggshell, which are generated by recoil and impact of heart contraction and blood ejection. The autocorrelation coefficients (ACCs) of the detected signal were computed to confirm whether the detected signal contained ballistic movement. An envelope of ACC was calculated by the monitoring system to measure the intervals between peaks and/or highly correlated parts in the ACC, and then the system obtained HR by measuring these intervals. To demonstrate the valid range of the detecting method, the BCGs of chickens and Japanese quail embryos of different ages were measured. The result of the experiment shows that the BCGs of chickens and quail embryos are detected fully after about two-thirds of the incubation period has passed. The monitoring system will enable us to perform long-term HR measurement for developing avian embryos up to hatching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 29 (1991), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Audiocartridge ; Avian egg ; Ballistocardiogram ; Embryo ; Laser displacement meter ; Laser speckle ; Noninvasive measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the incubated avian egg, minute movements occur that are synchronised with embryonic cardiac contractions. We previously developed two systems to noninvasively record this cardiogenic ballistic movement of the egg (referred to as the ballistocardiogram, BCG); one was based on applying an audiocartridge and the other a laser speckle phenomenon. A third system, which detects the ballistic movement as the measurement of displacement (referred to as displacement BCG), is applied in the present study, together with the previous two systems, to the ballisto-cardiography of the egg. The BCG is measured with three systems simultaneously for comparison. The differentiation of the displacement BCG produces a pattern identical to the BCG recorded by the cartridge method, and the integrated pattern of the latter BCG is identical to the displacement BCG. This indicates that the cartridge system detects the cardiogenic movement as the measure of velocity and it may be referred to as velocity BCG. The BCG by the laser speckle method is not related to that recorded by the other two systems, which may be referred to as movement BCG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Apex-cardiogram ; Ballistocardiogram ; Egg ; Embryo ; Heart rate ; Noninvasive measurement ; Piezoelectric film
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using a flexible piezoelectric film, the authors developed a simple system to determine noninvasively the heart rate of chicken embryos and hatchlings. The film was piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), which is sensitive enough to detect cardiogenic ballistic movements of the egg (ballistocardiogram (BCG)) and precordial movements of the hatchling attributable to cardiac contractions (apexcardiogram (ACG)). The BCG could be detected, during the second half of incubation, by placing the egg on the PVDF film on a soft substrate. The detected signal was found to be a measure of movement velocity. The ACG could be measured when the hatchling's chest wall made contact with the PVDF film installed in a box in which the hatchling was confined. The heart rate was counted from the lag time of autocorrelation calculated for a certain time segment (e.g. 2s) of the BCG and ACG recordings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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