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  • Barley  (2)
  • Venturia canescens  (2)
  • electrophoretic variants  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Plodia interpunctella ; Venturia canescens ; Cannibalism ; Population dynamics ; Biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of host cannibalism on a host-parasitoid system were explored through experiment and modelling. In individual encounters between parasitized and unparasitized Plodia interpunctella larvae, parasitized larvae were more likely to be cannibalized. Inclusion of this differential cannibalism into a simple Lotka-Volterra-type model of host-parasitoid population dynamics generates alternative stable states-including stable coexistence and extinction of the parasitoid — which depend on starting conditions. Possible mechanisms for differential cannibalism, and its implications for studies of host-parasitoid populations and biological control programmes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: arylsulfatase ; chondroitin-4-sulfatase ; electrophoretic variants ; house mouse ; regulation ; sulfatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Arylsulfatase B (arylsulfate sulfohydrolase; EC 3.1.6.1) activities in C57BL/6J, SWR/J, and A/J mouse liver approximate a 5:3:1 ratio. Each enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity, and the properties of the three purified enzymes were compared. The purified enzyme behaved as a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 50,000. The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis ofp-nitrocatechol sulfate (pNCS), 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (4MUS), and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) heptasaccharide. Purified SWR/J arylsulfatase B possessed a higher relative electrophoretic mobility atpH 4.0 than the A/J and C57BL/6J isozymes, and the SWR/J enzyme was more thermostable than either the C57BL/6J or the A/J enzyme. No differences were observed among the three enzymes with respect to their Michaelis constants for 4MUS and pNCS, isoelectric points, responses to inhibitors,pH optima, or electrophoretic mobilities atpH 8.3. The relativein vivo rates of synthesis of C57BL/6J, A/J, and SWR/J arylsulfatase B were comparable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: arylsulfatase ; chondroitin-4-sulfatase ; electrophoretic variants ; house mouse ; regulation ; sulfatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Arylsulfatase B (arylsulfate sulfohydrolase; EC 3.1.6.1) activities in C57BL/6J, SWR/J, and A/J mouse liver approximate a 5:3:1 ratio. Each enzyme was purified to apparent homogeneity, and the properties of the three purified enzymes were compared. The purified enzyme behaved as a monomer with an apparent molecular weight of 50,000. The purified enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis ofp-nitrocatechol sulfate (pNCS), 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (4MUS), and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) heptasaccharide. Purified SWR/J arylsulfatase B possessed a higher relative electrophoretic mobility atpH 4.0 than the A/J and C57BL/6J isozymes, and the SWR/J enzyme was more thermostable than either the C57BL/6J or the A/J enzyme. No differences were observed among the three enzymes with respect to their Michaelis constants for 4MUS and pNCS, isoelectric points, responses to inhibitors,pH optima, or electrophoretic mobilities atpH 8.3. The relativein vivo rates of synthesis of C57BL/6J, A/J, and SWR/J arylsulfatase B were comparable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Doubled haploids ; Microspore ; Isozymes ; RFLPs ; Barley
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Biochemical, molecular and morphological markers have been used to monitor the segregation of alleles at major gene loci in microspore-derived lines of four spring barley crosses and their parents. Significant deviations from the expected Mendelian ratios were observed for four of the ten markers studied in the cross. Distorted ratios were associated with loci located on chromosomes 4H and 6H. The differential transmission of alleles was in favour of the responsive parent (Blenheim) used in the anther culture studies. For the α-Amy-1 locus on chromosome 6H, the preferential transmission of Blenheim alleles was most pronounced in the haploid regenerants that were colchicine treated. These results are discussed in relation to the genetic control of androgenetic response in barley and with respect to the exploitation of another culture in barley improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Water-soluble protein (WSP) ; Barley ; β Amylase ; Linkage ; Spring/winter habit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Water-soluble proteins (WSP-2 and WSP-3) and β-amylase (β-AMY-1) were extracted from mature endosperms of 44 spring and 39 winter barley genotypes. The protein and enzyme isoforms were separated in isoelectric focusing gels with a pH gradient of 4–6.5. The Wsp-3 and β-Amy-1 loci were located to chromosomes 4H using the wheat/barley chromosome addition lines. Segregation analysis of F2 and doubled haploid populations showed Wsp-2 and β-Amy-1 to be tightly linked, with a map distance of 11 cMorgans. Isoforms of WSP-2 possessed similar pIs to that of WSP-3 and overlapping bands were observed in the gels. These bands segregated independently in F2 and doubled haploid populations, implying two unlinked genes. All three loci were found to be polymorphic: two alleles were detected at the Wsp-2 locus, three at Wsp-3 and two at β-Amy-1. The frequency of alleles at all three loci was found to be different in winter and spring genotypes. Spring genotypes possessed a wider range of phenotypes than winter genotypes. Spring and winter genotypes could be distinguished on the basis of WSP-3 and β- AMY-1 phenotypes. The linkage between Wsp-3 and β-Amy-1 loci and genes controlling spring/winter habit on chromosome 4H is discussed. It is concluded that Wsp-3 and β-Amy-1 can be used as genetic markers for spring/winter habit in barley genetic research and breeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Plodia interpunctella ; Venturia canescens ; Corcyra cephalonica ; defensive behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résmé Les intéractions, sur le plan comportemental, entre le parasitoïde solitaire koïnobionte,Venturia canescens et deux de ses hôtes,Plodia interpunctella etCorcyra cephalonica ont fait l'objet de cette étude. La réponse des deux hôtes à une exploration antennaire simulée à l'aide d'un pinceau à 2 poils différait selon qu'il s'agissait des petites larves du 3e stade ou des grosses larves du 5e stade. En réponse à ce stimulus, les jeunes larves deP. interpunctella adoptaient principalement un comportement de fuite (en se contorsionnant ou en se débattant) alors que les larves de 3e stade deC. cephalonica se montraient plus agressives (en rejetant la tête en arrière et en donnant des coups de patte). Au stade L5, les larves deP. interpunctella s'immobilisaient après l'application du stimulus, alors que celles deC. cephalonica avaient une réponse moins agressive qu'aux stades précédents. Alors queV. canescens enfoncait rapidement son ovipositeur dans les 2 hôtes après une exploration antennaire,P. interpunctella était nettement plus sensible à l'attaque du parasitoïde queC. cephalonica, et ce sans tenir compte de la taille du dernier stade (L5).C. cephalonica, l'hôte le plus grand et le plus agressif, résiste activement au parasitisme tandis quePlodia répond de façon beaucoup plus passive au contact du parasitoïde. Les parasitoïdes examinent les hôtes morts et y enfoncent leur ovipositeur, mais les attaques ne sont pas poursuivies et les femelles s'en désintéressent rapidement. Sur des sites oùV. canescens est en présence de larves du 5e stade deC. cephalonica on deP. interpunctella, la plupart des larves deP. interpunctella répondaient au contact avec le parasitoïde par l'immobilité, alors que les larves deC. cephalonica adoptaient une attitude un peu plus agressive. Les larves deP. interpunctella qui s'immobilisaient échappaient habituellement au parasitisme tandis que celles qui tentaient de fuir étaient poursuivies avec vigueur par le parasitoïde et généralement parasitées. En dépit de leur comportement après le contact,C. cephalonica évitait l'attaque avec plus de succès. L'acceptation de l'hôte parV. canescens est clairement dépendante de la taille et l'espèce de l'hôte qu'il attaque. Le rôle du comportement défensif de l'hôte est discuté en relation avec l'évolution de comportement de contre-défense du parasitoïde et de ses stratégies d'oviposition.
    Notes: Abstract Behavioural interactions between the solitary koinobiont parasitoid,Venturia canescens, and two of its hosts,Plodia interpunctella andCorcyra cephalonica, were investigated. The response of both hosts to simulated antennation using a two-haired brush was examined over instars 3 (L3) to 5 (L5). YoungP. interpunctella larvae predominantly adopted escape tactics (writhe, trash) whereas L5P. interpunctella usually froze after the stimulus was applied. L3C. cephalonica larvae were more aggressive (headrear, flick) thanP. interpunctella in response to the application of the stimulus, but olderC. cephalonica responded less aggressively than in earlier instars. AlthoughV. canescens readily jabbed its ovipositor at both hosts after antennation,P. interpunctella was considerably more susceptible to parasitoid attack thanC. cephalonica, irrespective of size in the final (L5) instar.C. cephalonica, the larger, more aggressive host, actively resisted parasitism whereasP. interpunctella responded much more passively after parasitoid contact. Parasitoids examined and jabbed their ovipositors at dead hosts, but this behaviour was not sustained, implying that host movement stimulates parasitoid attack. On patches containingV. canescens, L5C. cephalonica andP. interpunctella, mostP. interpunctella larvae responded by freezing after parasitoid contact.P. interpunctella that froze usually avoided parasitism, whereas larvae that attempted to escape by crawling were pursued with vigour byV. canescens and usually parasitized. Irrespective of behaviour after parasitoid contact,C. cephalonia displayed more aggressive behaviour and had much greater success in warding off parasitoid attack. Host acceptance byV. canescens is clearly affected by the size and species of the host it attacks. The influence of host defensive behaviour is discussed in relation to the evolution of parasitoid counter-defences and oviposition strategies.
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