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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Meiosis ; Chiasma distribution ; U-type exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In two contrasting types of S5 inbred Lolium perenne a correlation has been found between the distribution pattern of chiasmata within bivalents and that of meiotic U-type exchange. The relationship between the two processes is discussed, in terms of inbreeding effects upon chiasma redistribution, and mention is also made of some other types of chromosome breakages which arise following enforced self-pollination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264883
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 62 (1982), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Inbred lines ; Meiosis ; Chiasmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of inbred lines of Lolium perenne have been developed as far as the fifth inbred generation and are being used for basic studies on the cytogenetics of the species. An analysis on variation in the pattern of chiasma frequency and distribution, including the parent plants and all generations down to the S5, reveals that the effect of inbreeding is to reduce chiasma frequency and to increase both the cell and bivalent variances. Evidence is presented for a genetic basis of polygenic control of chiasma formation and distribution, and a model is suggested for control over the three related components of variation which involves a two-stage level of regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293355
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 64 (1983), S. 137-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Inbred lines ; Meiosis ; Chiasma distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An analysis of the patterns of chiasma distribution within bivalents, in a number of inbred lines of Lolium perenne, reveals a striking potential for variation in this character, as well as a polygenic genetic basis for its control. In parent plants the chiasmata have a regular pattern of localisation which restricts their formation to the ends of the chromosome arms: this strict localisation is progressively lost with inbreeding and novel patterns of distribution are found where chiasmata occur in more interstitial and proximal regions. The variation is continuous and originates from genotypic differences between the different parent plants, rather than from segregation among families deriving from individual parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272721
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced heritable variation in cell size and chloroplast numbers in leaf mesophyll cells of diploid ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 49 (1990), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; ryegrass ; colchicine ; induced heritable variation ; cell size ; chloroplast number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 3 hr treatment period with a 0.2% aqueous solution of colchicine was given to one week old seedlings of imbred lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The surviving plants developed as mixoploids and were subsequently split down into single tillers and then classified as either diploid or tetraploid. The undoubled diploids of the treated material (C2x) were then self-pollinated and the seeds grown in the following generation (CT1) without any further treatment. In the CT1 generation comparisons were made between the C2x and the control 2x treatments within the same inbred lines, and heritable differences were found for leaf mesophyll cell plan areas and chloroplast numbers. The cell areas were significantly less in the C2x compared with the 2x treatment in four out of the five lines studied, and the chloroplasts numbers were likewise lower in two out of the five lines. In one line there was a significantly higher mean number of chloroplasts per cell in the C2x material compared with that of the 2x.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024130
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colchicine-induced heritable variation in cell size and chloroplast number in the leaf cells of inbred ryegrasses (Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum) (1991)
    Springer
    Euphytica 52 (1991), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lolium multiflorum ; Italian ryegrass ; Lolium perenne ; perennial ryegrass ; cell size ; chloroplast number ; colchicine-induced changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A 3 hr period of treatment with a 0.2% aqueous solution of colchicine was given to one week old seedlings of 3 inbred lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and 4 lines of Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum). The surviving plants developed as mixoploids and were self-pollinated. In the following generation (CT1) the seeds were grown without further treatment, and were screened cytologically at the seedling stage to separate out diploids from tetraploids. Only the diploids were kept, and in this CT1 generation comparisons were then made between controls (2x) and colchicine-treated diploids (C2x) for leaf mesophyll cell size and chloroplast number variation. Heritable differences were found such that the cell plan areas and/or the numbers of chloroplasts per cell were significantly greater in the C2x compared with the 2x treatment in 3 and 5 out of the 7 lines. In each case there was enhancement of chloroplast numbers independently of the variation in cell size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037855
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetics of Lolium perenne (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Lolium perenne ; Chromosome doubling ; Colchicine-induced variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A number of diploid inbred lines of Lolium perenne were treated with colchicine at the early seedling stage to induce chromosome doubling. In each inbred line the colchicine-treated undoubled diploids were kept as controls, as well as the normal untreated diploids. Comparisons of vegetative growth and development, involving the three treatments within each line, revealed that colchicine treatment of seedlings has long-lasting effects upon plant growth and development independent of chromosome doubling, and that for certain characteristics the effects of chromosome doubling are confounded with other effects of the treatment used to produce tetraploids. This colchicine induced variation in the diploids is transmitted through the seed generations in at least one of the inbred lines. The variation appears to be non-random and also shows a strong genotypic component. In so far as the effects of chromosome doubling could be determined, they showed the usual gigas response but were again strongly influenced by genotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289974
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus of barley aleurone (1987)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 138 (1987), S. 73-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: ATPase ; Barley aleurone ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Gibberellic acid ; Golgi apparatus ; Secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cytochemical localization of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was studied in the aleurone layer of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya). Isolated barley aleurone layers secrete numerous enzymes having acid phosphatase activity, including ATPase. The secretion of these enzymes was stimulated by incubation of the aleurone layer in gibberellic acid (GA3). ATPase was localized using the metal-salt method in tissue incubated in CaCl2 with and without GA3. In sections of tissue incubated without GA3, cytochemical staining was confined to a narrow band of cytoplasm adjacent to the starchy endosperm and to the cell wall of the innermost tier of aleurone cells. Cytochemical staining was absent from the organelles of tissues not treated with GA3. In tissue incubated in the presence of GA3, cytochemical staining was evident throughout the cytoplasm and cell walls of the tissue. In the cell wall, electron-dense deposits were found only in digested channels. The cell-wall matrix of GA3-treated aleurone did not stain, indicating that it does not permit diffusion of enzyme. In the cytoplasm of GA3-treated aleurone, all organelles except microbodies, plastids, and spherosomes stained for ATPase activity; endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria showed intense deposits of stain. The ER of the aleurone is a complex system made up of flattened sheets of membrane, which may be associated with both the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. The dictyosome did not stain uniformly for ATPase activity; rather there was a gradation in staining of the cisternae from thecis (lightly stained) to thetrans (heavily stained) face. Vesicles associated with dictyosome cisternae also stained intensely as did the protein bodies of GA3-treated aleurone cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281016
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating viability of plant protoplasts using double and single staining (1986)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 135 (1986), S. 80-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Barley aleurone ; Fluorescein diacetate ; Propidium iodide ; Protoplasts ; Viability determination ; Vital stains
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The utility of numerous dyes for determining the viability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) aleurone protoplasts was studied. Protoplasts isolated from the barley aleurone layer synthesize and secrete α-amylase isozymes in response to treatment with gibberellic acid (GA) and Ca2+. These cells also undergo dramatic morphological changes which eventually result in cell death. To monitor the viability of protoplasts during incubation in GA and Ca2+, several types of fluorescent and nonfluorescent dyes were tested. Evans blue and methylene blue were selected as nonfluorescent dyes. Living cells exclude Evans blue, but dead cells and cell debris stain blue. Both living and dead cells take up methylene blue, but living cells reduce the dye to its colorless form whereas dead cells and cell debris stain blue. The relatively low extinction coefficient of these dyes sometimes makes it difficult to distinguish blue-stained cells against a background of blue dye. Several types of fluorescent dyes were tested for their ability to differentially stain dead or living cells. Tinopal CBS-X, for example, stains only dead cells, and its high extinction coefficient allows its ultraviolet fluorescence to be recorded even when preparations are simultaneously illuminated with visible light. To double-stain protoplasts, the most effective stain was a combination of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI). By employing a double-exposure method to record the fluorescence from cells stained with both FDA and PI, dead and living cells could be distinguished on the basis of fluorochromasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01277001
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of α-amylase isozymes within the endomembrane system of barley aleurone (1990)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 154 (1990), S. 16-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: α-Amylase isozymes ; Barley aleurone ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Golgi apparatus ; Immunocytochemistry ; Intracellular transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The localization of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Himalaya) aleurone protoplasts was studied using electron microscope immunocytochemistry. Antibodies were raised against total barley α-amylase, i.e., α-amylase containing both highisoelectric point (high-pI) and low-pI isoforms, as well as against purified high- and low-pI isoforms. All antibodies localized α-amylase to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus (GApp) of the aleurone cell, and various controls showed that the labeling was specific for α-amylase. Labeling of protein bodies and spherosomes, which are the most abundant organelles in this cell, was very low. There was no evidence that α-amylase isoforms were differentially distributed within different compartments of the endomembrane system. Rather, both high- and low-pI isoforms showed the same pattern of distribution in ER and in the cis, medial, and transregions of the GApp. We conclude that in the Himalaya cultivar of barley, all isoforms of α-amylase are transported to the plasma membrane via the GApp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01349531
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