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  • Deglutition  (5)
  • Barrett's esophagus  (3)
  • Endoscopy  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Staging ; Esophageal cancer ; Gastric cancer ; Colon cancer ; Rectum cancer ; Diagnostic imaging ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopic ultrasound ; Surgical resection ; Multimodal therapy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Staging ; Oesophaguscarcinom ; Kardiacarcinom ; Magencarcinom ; Coloncarcinom ; Rectumcarcinom ; bildgebende Diagnostik ; Endoskopie ; endoskopischer Ultraschall ; chirurgische Therapie ; multimodale Therapie.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In Anbetracht der sich erweiternden therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei gastrointestinalen Tumoren ist es auch zu einer Verfeinerung der prätherapeutischen Diagnostik gekommen. Allerdings ist die Diagnostik in Kliniken, in denen nicht das gesamte Spektrum der verfügbaren therapeutischen Möglichkeiten ausgeschöpft wird, eine sehr viel straffere und allein auf die chirurgische Therapie konzentrierte. Grundsätzlich ist die Erfassung der Wandinfiltrationstiefe, d. h. der T-Kategorie wichtig, weil alleine aufgrund der Festlegung dieser Kategorie wichtige weitere diagnostische und therapeutische Konsequenzen abzuleiten sind. Dies ist heute mittels Endoskopie und endoskopischem Ultraschall mit hoher Genauigkeit möglich. Wenig fortgeschrittene Tumoren (T1/2) stellen in aller Regel eine primär chirurgische Indikation dar. Lokal fortgeschrittene Tumoren (T3/4) müssen in Hinblick auf die Indikation zur multimodalen Therapie überprüft werden. Der direkte Nachweis von Lymphknotenmetastasen ist immer noch unbefriedigend. Aus dem angenommenen nodulären Status sollten deswegen keine wesentlichen therapeutischen Konsequenzen gezogen werden. Immer ist jedoch die Suche nach Fernmetastasen erforderlich, da beim Nachweis von Fernmetastasen nur eine palliative Therapie in Frage kommt. Neben der Erfassung des Tumorstadiums tritt mehr und mehr die bioptisch-histologische Detailbeurteilung des Tumors in den Vordergrund. Dadurch werden nicht nur wichtige und therapeutisch relevante Informationen zum Grading möglich, wir stehen darüber hinaus am Beginn einer modernen molekularen Diagnostik. Es steht zu erwarten, daß in absehbarer Zeit eine Fülle weiterer Informationen mit prognostischer Relevanz aus endoskopisch gewonnenen Biopsien erhalten werden können, die im Hinblick auf therapeutische Konsequenzen überprüft werden müssen.
    Notizen: Summary. The increasing spectrum of therapeutic options for tumors of the gastrointestinal tract has resulted in a refinement of the pretherapeutic diagnostic strategies. The diagnostic approach in surgical institutions that are focused on primary surgical resection will therefore be much less sophisticated than in institutions who propose a selective therapeutic approach based on the pretherapeutic tumor stage and prognostic parameters. Pretherapeutic assessment of the depth of tumor infiltration, i. e. the T-category, is essential because most further diagnostic and therapeutic decisions are based on this information. This can today be achieved with a high degree of accuracy by endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography. Early T-stages (T1–2) are usually an indication for primary surgical resection and, after exclusion of distant metastases, no further diagnostic studies are required. In patients with locally advanced esophageal, gastric or rectum tumors (T3–4) multimodal therapeutic concepts should be considered. This usually requires additional diagnostic studies. None of the available diagnostic imaging modalities today allows satisfactory pretherapeutic assessment of lymph node metastases. The assumed nodular status should therefore currently not influence therapeutic decisions. Essential is, however, the assessment of distant metastases, since the documentation of distant tumor spread will change the therapeutic approach to a palliative situation. Detailed histologic and molecular-biologic assessment of tumor characteristics is growing in importance. This not only provides therapeutically relevant information regarding tumor grading, but opens the door towards a modern molecular diagnostic approach. It can be expected that in the near future a vast amount of relevant prognostic information can be obtained from endoscopic tumor biopsies, which may soon alter our therapeutic concepts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 132-140 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Gastroesophageal reflux disease ; Antireflux surgery ; Nissen fundoplication ; Barrett's esophagus ; Peptic strictures. ; Schlüsselwörter: Gastrooesophageale Refluxkrankheit ; Antirefluxchirurgie ; Nissen-Fundoplicatio ; Barrett-Oesophagus ; peptische Stenose.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In der westlichen Welt ist die gastrooesophageale Refluxkrankheit die häufigste gutartige Erkrankung des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts. Die Akuttherapie der gastrooesophagealen Refluxkrankheit ist heute eine unumstrittene Domäne der Protonenpumpenhemmer. Jedoch kommt es bei bis zu 50 % der betroffenen Patienten nach Absetzen der Medikation innerhalb weniger Tage zu einem Rezidiv der Erkrankung, so daß häufig eine Dauertherapie erforderlich wird. Bei diesen Patienten stellt die laparoskopische Fundoplicatio eine attraktive und kosteneffektive therapeutische Alternative zur medikamentösen Langzeittherapie dar. Dementsprechend ist jeder Patient mit persistierender oder rezidivierender Oesophagitis und/oder Refluxsymptomatik, der auf eine medikamentöse Langzeittherapie angewiesen ist, auch ein potentieller Kandidat für die laparoskopische Antirefluxchirurgie. Eine Indikation zur Fundoplicatio besteht vor allem dann, wenn es sich um einen jungen Patienten handelt, wenn eine medikamentöse Dauertherapie aufgrund von Nebenwirkungen nicht möglich ist oder wenn Bedenken über die Langzeitsicherheit der verfügbaren medikamentösen Alternativen bestehen. Eine sorgfältige Selektion der Patienten, die objektive Dokumentation der gastrooesophagealen Refluxkrankheit mittels 24-Std-pH-Metrie und eine gewissenhafte Beachtung der technischen Details des operativen Eingriffs stellen die Schlüssel zum Erfolg der Antirefluxchirurgie dar.
    Notizen: Summary. In the Western world gastroesophageal reflux disease constitutes the single most common benign disorder of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Current medical therapy with proton pump inhibitors allows physicians to provide complete symptom relief and healing of acute esophageal mucosal injury in practically all affected patients. However, up to 50 % of patients require maintenance therapy to prevent relapse. In these patients laparoscopic antireflux surgery offers an attractive and cost-effective alternative to potentially life-long medical therapy. Consequently, every patient with persistent or recurrent symptoms and/or complications of gastroesophageal reflux who depends on maintenance medical therapy to remain in remission is a potential candidate for laparoscopic antireflux surgery, particularly if of young age, suffering from side effects of medical therapy or worrying about long-term safety of the conservative treatment alternatives. A careful selection of patients, objective documentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring, and meticulous attention to the technical details of the procedure are essential for a successful outcome of antireflux surgery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 98-104 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Esophageal manometry ; Motility disorders ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Esophageal manometry allows to quantify intraluminal pressure changes as the basis of normal or abnormal esophageal motility. It is a complementary diagnostic procedure which should only be performed after endoscopic and fluoroscopic examinations and may be helpful in the detection of various motility disorders like diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus and vigorous achalasia. Manometry is recommendable for therapy control after medical and surgical therapy, and mandatory prior to surgical reflux therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Zenker's diverticulum ; Cervical myotomy ; Diverticulectomy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Surgery for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum was performed at our institution in a total of 43 patients over 6½ years. Cervical myotomy with diverticulectomy was performed in 32 of the patients and myotomy alone in 11. Mortality totaled 0%, with a reversible lesion of the recurrent nerve occurring in 7%. In 60% of the cases investigated preoperatively (N=40), motility disorders of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) could be demonstrated using manometry as well as with cineradiography in 92% of the patients. Follow-up studies in 39 of the cases 25 months (mean) postprocedure indicated 82% of the patients to be symptom-free, with the remaining 18% demonstrating a marked improvement. Postoperative manometry as well as cineradiography carried out in 12 patients revealed the presence of UES motility dyscoordination in 8% and 25%, respectively. There were, however, no signs of recurrence of the diverticulum. The high number of patients in our study group demonstrating motility disorders of the UES emphasizes the need for cervical myotomy as part of the surgical therapy for Zenker's diverticulum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Dysphagia 8 (1993), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Esophageal motility ; Surgical therapy ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Surgical treatment is either the therapy of choice or a facultative procedure in various types of esophageal motility disorders. In achalasia, cardiomyotomy, frequently combined with fundoplasty, achieves good or excellent results in 〉80% of cases, and is, therefore, advised in cases when pneumostatic dilatation fails. Diverticulectomy and myotomy of the upper or lower esophageal sphincter are proven procedures to treat cervical and epiphrenic diverticula, leading to good/excellent results or at least an improvement in more than 95%. If, exceptionally, parabronchial diverticula require therapy, they should be excised transthoracically. Cervical myotomy is indicated in cases of cervical achalasia, when sufficient pharyngeal propulsion is preserved. In systemic diseases like scleroderma reflux induced complications may require surgical intervention in medically intractable cases. In these rather few cases, subtotal gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis is advised. In patients suffering from diffuse esophageal spasm or symptomatic “nutcracker” esophagus, extended esophageal myotomy can relieve symptoms. If a clear diagnosis is provided, about 75% of patients will have an improvement of symptoms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Barrett's esophagus ; Gastroesophageal reflux ; Adenocarcinoma ; High grade dysplasia ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Barrett's esophagus (i.e. columnar epithelial metaplasia in the distal esophagus) is an acquired condition that in most patients results from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. It is a disorder of the white male in the Western world with a prevalence of about 1/400 population. Due to the decreased sensitivity of the columnar epithelium to symptoms, Barrett's esophagus remains undiagnosed in the majority of patients. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Barrett's esophagus has a more severe character and is more frequently associated with complications as compared with reflux patients without columnar mucosa. This appears to be due to a combination of a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter, inefficient esophageal clearance function, and gastric acid hypersecretion. Excessive reflux of alkaline duodenal contents may be responsible for the development of complications (i.e., stricture, ulcer, and dysplasia). Therapy of benign Barrett's esophagus is directed towards treatment of the underlying reflux disease. Barrett's esophagus is associated with a 30- to 125-fold increased risk for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The reasons for the dramatic rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which occurred during the past years, are unknown. High grade dysplasia in a patient with columnar mucosa is an ominous sign for malignant degeneration. Whether an esophagectomy should be performed in patients with high grade dysplasia remains controversial. Complete resection of the tumor and its lymphatic drainage is the procedure of choice in all patients with a resectable carcinoma who are fit for surgery. In patients with tumors located in the distal esophagus, this can be achieved by a transhiatal en-bloc esophagectomy and proximal gastrectomy. Early adenocarcinoma can be cured by this approach. The value of multimodality therapy in patients with advanced tumors needs to be shown in randomized prospective trials.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Schlagwort(e): Gastroesophageal reflux disease ; Diagnosis ; pH monitoring ; Diagnostic studies ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most frequent benign diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and in some cases the diagnosis may be very difficult. There are many diagnostic procedures but none of them could prove or definitely exclude the disease. The 24-h pH-monitoring is the “gold standard” for detection of gastroesophageal reflux and in many patients the reflux correlates with the GERD. The evaluation of a diagnostic method has to be done in a similar manner to the evaluation of therapeutic study (phase 1 to phase 4). For the definition of the “gold standard” for detection of a special diagnosis (e.g., the gastroesophageal reflux disease), the results of phase 3 studies for different methods had to be compared. The method with the best values for sensitivity and specificity is yet to be discovered. Until now, pH monitoring has been the gold standard for the diagnosis of GERD. However, there are many problems connected with using this method in clinical practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 3 (1989), S. 195-198 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Schlagwort(e): Food impaction of the esophagus ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal dysfunction ; Malignant tumors
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Over a period of 5 years, 28 instances of acute food impaction of the esophagus were documented in 26 patients at our institution. In all patients the impacted bolus was successfully removed without complication using a flexible endoscope. Underlying diseases were identified during primary endoscopy in 31% of the cases. Further diagnostic workup was performed in all but 5 of the patients. After adequate evaluation pathologic findings were demonstrated in 90% of the cases (38% malignant and 52% benign diseases). Long-term therapy was deemed necessary in 17 of these 21 patients. Operative intervention was indicated in 4 cases, 2 of which were for malignant tumors. Acute food impaction should always be regarded as a symptom of esophageal disorders. In patients with esophageal cancer or other mediastinal tumors bolus impaction generally indicates an advanced tumor stage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 217-223 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Schlagwort(e): Barrett's esophagus ; Precancerous stage ; Risk factors ; Indication ; Endobrachyoesophagus ; Precanceroue ; Risikofaktoren ; Indikation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Endobrachyoesophagus ist eine Präcancerose, da in etwa 15 der Fälle eine maligne Entartung auftritt. Nach prospektiven Studien liegt das Risiko einer Carcinomentwicklung 30- bis 42mal höher als bei der Normalbevölkerung. Risikofaktoren für die maligne Degeneration sind Alkohol- und Nicotinabusus, chronischer gastro-oesophagealer Reflux, Zugehörigkeit zur weißen Rasse und zum männlichen Geschlecht. Eine Indikation zur Antirefluxchirurgie besteht nur beim Endobrachyoesophagus mit florider Reflux-oesophagitis. Der blande Endobrachyoesophagus bedarf einer endoskopischen Kontrolle. Das Adenocarcinom des Endobrachyoesophagus ist als Speiseröhrencarcinom anzusehen und kann wegen der vorwiegend aboralen Metastasierung durch transmediastinale Oesophagektomie behandelt werden.
    Notizen: Summary Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous stage as a malign degeneration occurs in about 15 %. According to prospective studies the risk of development of cancer is 30 to 42 times higher than in the normal population. Risk factors for malign degeneration, which mostly concerns white males, are abuse of alcohol or nicotine and chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Antireflux surgery is only indicated in Barrett's esophagus in combination with active reflux esophagitis. The uncomplicated Barrett's esophagus should be controlled by endoscopy. The adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus has to be considered as an esophageal carcinoma. Due to its metastatic spread in mostly aboräl direction it can be treated by blunt dissection of the esophagus.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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