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  • Chemistry  (22)
  • Becker muscular dystrophy  (2)
  • Demyelination  (2)
  • Denitrification  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field method to determine N2O emission from nitrification and denitrification (1998)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1998), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Nitrous oxide ; Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Soil cores ; Acetylene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions via the nitrification (I nit) and denitrification (I den) pathways were successfully measured with in-field incubation of soil cores in preserving jars at 0 Pa and 5–10 Pa acetylene. From the incubations, fractions of nitrification – N2O over total N2O (I nit / I tot) – and denitrification – N2O over total N2O (I den / I tot) – were obtained. Actual field emissions of N2O via nitrification (F nit) and denitrification (F den) were calculated by multiplying the fractions from the incubation technique with the daily N2O emission (F day) determined with a direct soil cover method. The approach presented here was successful for a whole range of soil moisture conditions in intensive grassland. F nit and F den followed the trends of soil ammonium and soil nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050462
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanistic model for nitrous oxide emission via nitrification and denitrification (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words N2O ; Mechanistic model ; Nitrification ; Denitrification ; Michaelis-Menten kinetics ; Grassland ; Spatial variablity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal and annual N2O fluxes from urine-affected pasture were approximated with a mechanistic model based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The model combined the effects of soil nitrate-N, soil ammonium-N, soil temperature and soil moisture (all from the top 5cm) to calculate N2O emissions from nitrification (F nit ) and denitrification (F den ), with total N2O emission being the sum of the two (F tot =F nit +F den ). Best results were obtained when different kinetic parameters were used for periods of constant soil moisture conditions and after heavy rainfalls when a rapid change of the soil moisture status occurred. Modelled N2O emissions over a year were within the range of uncertainties of measured N2O emissions. Results indicate that the spatial variability of N2O emissions at times when all the model inupt variables were constant may be related to microorganism growth dynamics or enzyme production rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050236
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aktuelle Diagnostik bei Muskeldystrophien Neue Entwicklungen, Untersuchungs- methoden und Fallbeispiele (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 89-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gliedergürteldystrophie ; Dystrophin ; Sarkoglykan ; Adhalin ; Emery-Dreifuss-Dystrophie ; Emerin ; Merosin ; Calpain-3 ; Muskeldystrophie Duchenne ; Muskeldystrophie Becker ; Key words Limb-girdle dystrophy ; Dystrophin ; Sarcoglycan ; Adhalin ; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy ; Emerin ; Merosin ; Calpain-3 ; Becker muscular dystrophy ; Duchenne muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Recent progress in the field of molecular genetics revealed a broader spectrum of dystrophin-related disorders than previously assumed. In addition, the pathogenetic basis of other types of muscular dystrophies could be identified: some autosomal-recessive limb girdle dystrophies are caused by mutations of sarcoglycan genes, others are caused by deficiency of the sarcoplasmatic enzyme calpain-3. Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is due to the deficiency of the nuclear membrane protein emerin. About 50% of congenital muscular dystrophies are related to mutations of a extracellular matrix protein merosin (α-laminin). A series of monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry is now available recognizing many cytoskeletal muscle proteins. In combination with molecular genetics a diagnostic flow chart can be developed which allows a definite diagnosis in most cases. In this review disease entities are illustrated by case reports. We discuss the significance of immunohistochemical and molecular methods for diagnosis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Neue Ergebnisse der molekularen Genetik haben in den vergangenen Jahren zu der Einsicht geführt, daß das klinische Spektrum der Erkrankungen, die auf Defekte des Muskelmembranproteins Dystrophin zurückgeführt werden können, erheblich breiter ist, als bisher angenommen wurde. Außerdem konnten die molekularen Ursachen anderer Unterformen der progressiven Muskeldystrophien identifiziert werden: ein Teil der autosomal-rezessiv vererbten Muskeldystrophien vom Gliedergürteltyp beruht auf Mutationen der Sarkoglykangene, andere auf Defekten der sarkoplasmatischen Protease Calpain-3; als Ursache der Emery-Dreifuss-Muskeldystrophie konnte ein Membran-Protein der Kernhülle identifiziert werden; etwa die Hälfte der kongenitalen Muskeldystrophien beruht auf Störungen des Merosins (=α2-Laminin), einer Komponente der extrazellulären Matrix. Es steht heute ein Repertoire an spezifischen Antikörpern gegen fast alle der o.g. Muskelproteine für die Immunhistologie zur Verfügung. Zusammen mit den Methoden der molekularen Genetik kann somit ein differenziertes diagnostisches Schema entwickelt werden, das in vielen Fällen zu einer definitiven Diagnose führt. Anhand eigener Fallberichte werden diese Krankheitsentitäten referiert und auf die differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung einer erweiterten immunhistochemischen und molekularen Diagnostik eingegangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050408
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted infection with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured oligodendrocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper virus ; Oligodendrocytes ; Myelin gene expression ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) induces oligodendroglial degeneration and multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system. The mechanism of oligodendrocyte degeneration is not understood but it has been shown that there is a restricted infection of these cells without viral protein production. Using a combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization we were able to demonstrate the transcription of the entire virus genome throughout the whole observation period (7–35 days after infection) in oligodendrocytes in CDV-infected brain cell cultures. Therefore, the lack of viral protein and particle production can not be explained on the basis of a defective viral transcription. The present study also shows that a restricted infection of oligodendrocytes with CDV down-regulates the transcription of the major myelin genes coding for proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein in a very similar way. Using densitometry for in situ hybridization products of MBP in populations of normal and infected oligodendrocytes, an effect could be observed long before morphological changes were detectable. The present results strongly suggest that demyelination in distemper is induced by a restricted CDV infection of oligodendrocytes which down-regulates the expression of a variety of cellular genes, in particular those coding for myelin proteins. Consequently, the infected cells are no longer able to synthesize all the membrane compounds which are necessary for maintaining their structural integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296516
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted infection with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured oligodendrocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Canine distemper virus ; Oligodendrocytes ; Myelin gene expression ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) induces oligodendroglial degeneration and multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system. The mechanism of oligodendrocyte degeneration is not understood but it has been shown that there is a restricted infection of these cells without viral protein production. Using a combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization we were able to demonstrate the transcription of the entire virus genome throughout the whole observation period (7–35 days after infection) in oligodendrocytes in CDV-infected brain cell cultures. Therefore, the lack of viral protein and particle production can not be explained on the basis of a defective viral transcription. The present study also shows that a restricted infection of oligodendrocytes with CDV down-regulates the transcription of the major myelin genes coding for proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein in a very similar way. Using densitometry for in situ hybridization products of MBP in populations of normal and infected oligodendrocytes, an effect could be observed long before morphological changes were detectable. The present results strongly suggest that demyelination in distemper is induced by a restricted CDV infection of oligodendrocytes which down-regulates the expression of a variety of cellular genes, in particular those coding for myelin proteins. Consequently, the infected cells are no longer able to synthesize all the membrane compounds which are necessary for maintaining their structural integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296516
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 400-kb tandem duplication within the dystrophin gene leads to severe Becker muscular dystrophy (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 241 (1994), S. 331-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dystrophin ; Intragenic duplication ; Becker muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a family with a large duplication of exons 2–16 of the dystrophin gene. It was characterized by immunocytochemistry, field-inversion gel electrophoresis and quantitative Southern blots. Our observations are of clinical interest in that they demonstrate an intermediate disease course despite a disrupted reading frame of dystrophin as postulated from exon-intron boundaries. We discuss possible mechanisms which may explain the unusual phenotype in our patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00868442
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanische Eigenschaften von kaltgezogenem und gegossenem Titan Grad 2 (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 714-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical properties of cold-drawn and cast Grade 2 TitaniumThe static and dynamic properties of Grade 2 Titanium for dental applications are investigated. The typical casting procedures used in dental laboratories lead to a drastic deterioration of the mechanical properties compared to wrought material. This deterioration is caused by changes in microstructure and surface roughness. The experimental results are used to determine opportunities for improvements and their limits.
    Notes: In dieser Arbeit werden die statischen und dynamischen Eigenschaften von in der Zahntechnik verwendetem Titan Grad 2 untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß die in zahntechnischen Laboratorien üblichen Herstellungsprozesse und Bearbeitungsschritte bei gegossenem Titan eine erhebliche Verschlechterung der Eigenschaften gegenüber kommerziell erhältlichen Ti-Halbzeugen bewirken. Diese Verschlechterung läßt sich auf Änderungen im Gefüge und der Oberflächenrauhigkeit zurückführen. Aus den Untersuchungsergebnissen werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen für die Optimierung des Herstellungsprozesses für Zahnersatz aus Titan Grad 2 abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19980291205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zu Carl Glasers 85. Geburtstag (1927)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 40 (1927), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19270401002
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die unmittelbare Darstellung von Kohlenoxyd durch Verbrennung von Kohle mittels reinen Sauerstoffs (1920)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 33 (1920), S. 36-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19200331005
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Merkwürdige Beobachtungen bei der Verbrennung von Holzkohle mittels Salpetersäure (1920)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 33 (1920), S. 40-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19200331204
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