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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal synthesis of major immunoglobulin classes in inflammatory diseases of the canine CNS
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 42 (1994), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-2427
    Keywords: [abr] CNS; central nervous system ; [abr] CSF; cerebrospinal fluid ; [abr] ELISA; enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay ; [abr] GME; granulomatous meningoencephalitis ; [abr] Ig; immunoglobulin ; [abr] OD; optical density ; [abr] RID; radial immunodiffusion assay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)90004-3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meaning of molecular weight measurements of gum arabic (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 21 (1989), S. 517-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The weight-average MW and number-average Mn molecular weights of gum arabic are identical after a proteolysis treatment with pronase. The value (1.8×105) is closed from Mn early reported in the literature whereas MW before treatment are dispersed for a large lot of samples up to more 106. This can be interpreted by the “wattle blossom” model for which some homogeneous chains of molecular weight c.a. 2.105 are still linked to a protein core, the crude gum being a mixture of this complex and free chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00271976
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial proteins in canine distemper virus-induced demyelination (1983)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 59 (1983), S. 269-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper ; Demyelination ; Immunohistology ; MBP ; MAG ; GFAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A temporal series of demyelinating lesions in experimental canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was examined with immunohistological techniques demonstrating myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on serial sections. The earliest lesions were characterized by decreased MBP and MAG and increased GFAP. During the further progression of the disease, MBP and MAG losses continued to match each other. There was no indication of MAG loss preceding the disappearance of MBP. In the more advanced lesions there was a marked decrease of GFAP positive cells. Since these findings differed considerably from similar immunohistochemical studies in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) where demyelination results from oligodendroglial infection, it was concluded that the oligodendroglial cell body is not the primary target of CDV. The marked astroglial changes were also considered to contribute to demyelination in CDV infection but the mechanism by which this happens remains unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691492
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Astrocytic infection in canine distemper virus-induced demyelination (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 333-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper virus ; Astrocyte ; Immunocytochemistry ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute canine distemper virus (CDV)-induced demyelinating lesions were examined with double-labelling immunocytochemistry simultaneously demonstrating CDV antigen and glial fibrillary acidid protein (GFAP) as marker for astrocytes. It was shown that 64% of all astrocytes within the demyelinating lesions were infected and that 95% of all infected cells counted in the lesions were astrocytes. These results suggest that the astrocyte ist the main target for CDV and that astroglial infection may play an important role in the mechanism of demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687587
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic relapsing demyelinating encephalomyelitis associated with persistent spontaneous canine distemper virus infection (1989)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 77 (1989), S. 441-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper virus ; Demyelination ; IgG index ; Encephalomyelitis ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This is the first report of spontaneous canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in a dog associated with chronic progressive multiphasic neurological disease. Initial neurological deficits in the pelvic limbs progressed rapidly to paraplegia with almost complete remission after 9 weeks. Then another acute episode occurred with severe thoracic limb deficits and cerebellar dysfunction and progressive neurological deterioration over 3 months with rising serum neutralizing (SN) anti-CDV titers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Three neuropathologically distinct lesions of spinal cystic necrosis, chronic demyelinating foci in the cerebellum and acute demyelinating encephalitis in the pons were identified. Persistent CDV antigen was demonstrated immunocytochemically only in acute lesions and atypically restricted to neurons. However, the immunological mechanism associated with the distinct remissions and exacerbations and CDV antigen clearance from chronic demyelinating lesions but persistence in acute lesions, despite a vigorous anti-CDV serologic response, was not defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687381
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spread and distribution of viral antigen in nervous canine distemper (1985)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 67 (1985), S. 211-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper virus ; Demyelination ; Dog ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen was demonstrated immunocytochemically in the central nervous system (CNS) of 19 dogs killed from 16 to 170 days after infection. In the earliest lesions, infection of glial cells preceded demyelination, and the degree of myelin destruction correlated with the amount of viral antigen in the tissue. It was concluded that initial demyelination in distemper is directly viral-induced, but the nature of the infected glial cells remains uncertain. Ependymal infection and spread of virus in the subependymal white matter was often seen, suggesting invasion of CDV into the CNS along the CSF pathways. Inflammation during the latter stages of the infection appeared to be associated with viral clearance from the CNS in most dogs. In two dogs with chronic progressive neurologic distemper, viral antigen was still present in the brain suggesting that viral persistence and associated immunologic reactions may contribute to further myelin damage. With the exception of one dog that survived for 6 months after infection, viral antigen was no longer detected in the dogs that had reeovered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687803
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulins in demyelinating lesions in canine distemper encephalitis (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local Immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brains of 14 dogs with canine distemper encephalitis were examined with immunohistologic techniques to search for immunogobulin in demyelinating lesions. Four types of lesions presumably representing a temporal sequence of lesion development were distinguished. Immunohistologic findings included immunoglobulin bearing lymphoid cells, amorphous Ig containing material, immunoglobulin bound to the tissue and immunoglobulin containing macrophages and astrocytes. The humoral immune response was absent or very minimal in acute lesions and very intense in chronic lesions. It was concluded that early demyelination in canine distemper encephalitis occurs in the absence of a local humoral immune response but that this response may aggravate and accelerate myelin destruction in the later stages of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hereditary neurovisceral mannosidosis associated withα-mannosidase deficiency in a family of Persian cats (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 58 (1982), S. 64-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mannosidosis ; α-Mannosidase deficiency ; Hypomyelination ; Storage disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several kittens in a family of Persian cats had a metabolic storage disease. Clinically the disorder was characterized by hepatomegaly, neurological sings and early death. The microscopic lesions consisted of widespread vacuolation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system and in liver cells. Electronmicroscopically the lesions consisted of intracytoplasmic accumulation of membrane-bound “empty” vacuoles. In addition to the storage disease, poor myelination of the cerebral white matter was found. The defect was reproduced in breeding trials. On biochemical analysis of brain tissue, deficient function of the enzymeα-mannosidase was detected. The clinical and pathological features of mannosidosis in Persian cats were compared to similar defects in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692699
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted infection with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured oligodendrocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper virus ; Oligodendrocytes ; Myelin gene expression ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) induces oligodendroglial degeneration and multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system. The mechanism of oligodendrocyte degeneration is not understood but it has been shown that there is a restricted infection of these cells without viral protein production. Using a combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization we were able to demonstrate the transcription of the entire virus genome throughout the whole observation period (7–35 days after infection) in oligodendrocytes in CDV-infected brain cell cultures. Therefore, the lack of viral protein and particle production can not be explained on the basis of a defective viral transcription. The present study also shows that a restricted infection of oligodendrocytes with CDV down-regulates the transcription of the major myelin genes coding for proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein in a very similar way. Using densitometry for in situ hybridization products of MBP in populations of normal and infected oligodendrocytes, an effect could be observed long before morphological changes were detectable. The present results strongly suggest that demyelination in distemper is induced by a restricted CDV infection of oligodendrocytes which down-regulates the expression of a variety of cellular genes, in particular those coding for myelin proteins. Consequently, the infected cells are no longer able to synthesize all the membrane compounds which are necessary for maintaining their structural integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296516
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restricted infection with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured oligodendrocytes (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Canine distemper virus ; Oligodendrocytes ; Myelin gene expression ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) induces oligodendroglial degeneration and multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system. The mechanism of oligodendrocyte degeneration is not understood but it has been shown that there is a restricted infection of these cells without viral protein production. Using a combination of immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization we were able to demonstrate the transcription of the entire virus genome throughout the whole observation period (7–35 days after infection) in oligodendrocytes in CDV-infected brain cell cultures. Therefore, the lack of viral protein and particle production can not be explained on the basis of a defective viral transcription. The present study also shows that a restricted infection of oligodendrocytes with CDV down-regulates the transcription of the major myelin genes coding for proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein in a very similar way. Using densitometry for in situ hybridization products of MBP in populations of normal and infected oligodendrocytes, an effect could be observed long before morphological changes were detectable. The present results strongly suggest that demyelination in distemper is induced by a restricted CDV infection of oligodendrocytes which down-regulates the expression of a variety of cellular genes, in particular those coding for myelin proteins. Consequently, the infected cells are no longer able to synthesize all the membrane compounds which are necessary for maintaining their structural integrity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296516
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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