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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 610-611 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Demineralized bone matrix ; cell culture ; L6 myoblastic cells ; chondrocytes ; chondrogenesis ; cellular differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the influence of demineralized bone pieces L6 cells differentiate into chondrocytes. The cartilage formed is identifiable histologically. The results demonstrate that these myoblastic cells, which are committed to produce muscle, may still be influenced to express another potentiality of their genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mannosidosis ; α-Mannosidase deficiency ; Hypomyelination ; Storage disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Several kittens in a family of Persian cats had a metabolic storage disease. Clinically the disorder was characterized by hepatomegaly, neurological sings and early death. The microscopic lesions consisted of widespread vacuolation of neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system and in liver cells. Electronmicroscopically the lesions consisted of intracytoplasmic accumulation of membrane-bound “empty” vacuoles. In addition to the storage disease, poor myelination of the cerebral white matter was found. The defect was reproduced in breeding trials. On biochemical analysis of brain tissue, deficient function of the enzymeα-mannosidase was detected. The clinical and pathological features of mannosidosis in Persian cats were compared to similar defects in other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mucopolysaccharidosis II ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Electron microscopy ; Lysosomal storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic findings in the nervous system of a 23-week-old fetus are reported, in which MPS II was diagnosed prenatally. The degrees of myelination and neuronal differentiation were similar as in a normal fetus of the same age. A storage of mucopolysaccharides in typical vacuolar inclusion bodies was present throughout the peripheral and central nervous system, mainly in cells of mesenchymal origin. “Zebra” bodies and granulo-membranous bodies, which are thought to represent secondary ganglioside accumulation were only found in the well developed neurons of the spinal cord and spinal ganglia, but not in the poorly developed neurons of the cerebellar and cerebral cortex. Mucopolysaccharide storage in endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels precedes the appearance of lipid storage in cerebral neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 45 (1979), S. 221-229 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mouse mutant Jimpy ; Optic nerve ; Lipid ultrastructure ; Phagolysosomes ; Phagocytes ; Histochemistry ; Freeze-etching ; Thin sections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Optic nerves of the mouse mutant Jimpy and controls were studied in different developmental stages. The results cast some light on the nature and ultrastructure of intracellular lipids, which are a striking feature in the CNS of these affected mice. Light Microscopy. In the premyelination period the activity of acid phosphatase is quite similar in the lysosomes of both animal groups. A much higher increase of reaction product was found in Jimpy compared to controls during the advanced myelination stages. The normal glial cell arrangement in rows is absent in leucodystrophic animals. Electron Microscopy. Replicas of freeze-etched Jimpy optic nerves show lipid loaded cells exhibiting a plasma membrane different from that of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, thus suggesting a relationship to phagocyting microglia. Furthermore, the rare myelin membranes are almost particle free. Three types of structurally different lipid inclusions could be observed. Most of the lipidic bodies are surrounded by a membrane studded with particles. The freeze-fractured morphology of the lipid inclusions was compared with the appearance in thin sections, incubated for acid phosphatase demonstration. Acid phosphatase reaction product within all three types of lipid containing vesicles indicate the lysosomal nature of these structures, which may represent myelin breakdown products and/or myelin precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit Duchenne-Muskeldystrophie, 19 genetisch gesicherten Konduktorinnen und 19 gesunden weiblichen Kontrollpersonen wurde vor und nach einer lokalisierten Arbeitsbelastung der Vorderarmmuskulatur in Ischämie die Aktivität der Creatin-Kinase (CK) und die Konzentration der Sulfhydrilgruppen im Serum gemessen, wobei für die CK 2 verschiedene Bestimmungsmethoden zur Anwendung kamen. Die Erfassungsraten für Konduktorinnen wurden unter diesen 4 Bedingungen (mit und ohne Cystein sowie vor und nach dem Ischämie-Arbeitstest) statistisch ermittelt. Ohne Cystein wurden bei allen 3 Gruppen signifikante Enzymanstiege gefunden, dagegen stieg die mit Cystein stimulierte CK nur in einigen Einzelfällen noch an. Die Konzentration der nicht-proteingebundenen SH-Gruppen war bei Patienten, Konduktorinnen und Gesunden gleich hoch und erfuhr durch den Arbeitstest keine Änderung. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, daß die ohne Cystein gefundene Aktivitätssteigerung der Serum-CK nicht durch Freigabe kleinmolekularer, enzymaktivierender SH-Gruppen aus der Muskulatur verursacht ist, sondern durch einen Efflux, einer frischen Enzymportion, die zum Zeitpunkt der Messung noch voll aktiviert ist und somit durch Cystein nicht mehr stimuliert sondern eher gehemmt wird. Dies geht aus vorläufigen Untersuchungen über CK-Aktivierung in Muskelhomogenaten hervor. Die Erfassungsrate für Heterozygote beträgt ohne Cystein vor der Belastung 58%, nach dem Arbeitstest 74%. Mit der Cystein-Methode findet man dagegen eine Rate von 84%, unabhängig davon, ob Arbeit geleistet wurde oder nicht.
    Notes: Summary Creatine kinase (CK) activity and protein-free sulfhydryl compounds in serum were measured in 12 patients, 19 known carriers of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and 19 healthy controls before and after standardized ischemic forearm work. Assessment of CK was made with and without addition of CK-activatingl-cysteine to the incubation medium. Carrier detection rates under these four conditions (with and without addition of cysteine both before and after work) were statistically determined. Without cysteine a significant increase in CK-activity after work was found in each of the three groups, whereas cysteine-stimulated CK was increased in a few subjects only. The concentration of protein-free SH-groups in the sera was the same in patients, carriers, and controls and remained unchanged after the test. It has been concluded that when no cysteine was added, the increase of CK after ischemic work is due to a release of small amounts of CK from the muscle cell rather than to a leakage of low molecular sulphydryl compounts which might stimulate inactivated serum CK. The additional portion of the enzyme is still completely active and not stimulated any further by the addition of cysteine. CK in normal and fresh muscle homogenates, on the contrary, seems to be inhibited by cysteine (12 mM/l). Carrier detection rate by determination of CK activity without addition of cysteine was 58 per cent before and 74 per cent after ischemic work. When cysteine was present in the incubation medium, the rate attained was 84 per cent, whether or not work was performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Serum creatine kinase is elevated in all patients suffering from the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy. Several investigators have shown that between 50 and 80% of the carriers of this sex linked heredopathy have serum creatine kinase values above the normal range. In an attempt to increase the sensitivity and reliability of this method to detect the heterozygous state a tolerance test was designed. This test involved forearm work in anoxia and the assay of serum creatine kinase before and after work performance. In this series of known carriers 50% had elevated serum creatine kinase values before the test was performed. More than 70% showed an abnormal response, i.e. an increase in serum creatine kinase activity above the normal range. In spite of the increased sensitivity of the test there remained a few carriers with normal response. The existence of such a group of patients is discussed in the light of the hypothesis of Lyon.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Serum-Kreatin-Kinase ist ein wertvolles diagnostisches Hilfsmittel zur Erfassung der Duchenne-Form der progressiven Muskeldystrophie. Das Enzym wird bei allen Patienten, besonders in den Frühstadien, erhöht gefunden. Von den Überträgerinnen der Krankheit kann rund die Hälfte auf Grund einer erhöhten Kreatin-Kinase im Serum als Konduktorin erkannt werden. 50% der genetisch gesicherten Konduktorinnen zeigen jedoch Werte im Bereiche der Norm. Es wurde nun versucht, mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Arbeitstestes in Anoxie der Vorderarmmuskeln anhand des Anstieges der Kreatin-Kinase im Serum nach der Belastung, die Zahl der erfaßbaren Konduktorinnen zu vergrößern. Der Anstieg der Kreatin-Kinase bei Konduktorinnen mit normalem Ausgangswert vor der Belastung erfolgt mit Ausnahmen auf höhere Werte als bei Kontrollpersonen. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit einer Gruppe von genetisch gesicherten Konduktorinnen ausgeführt und zeigen eine Zunahme der Erfassung von 50 auf über 70% und eine Erhöhung der Sicherheit der Diagnose. Die Methoden zur Bestimmung der Kreatin-Kinase und die damit erzielten Normalwertbereiche werden miteinander verglichen. Die Ätiologie der Serumenzymerhöhung bei den Konduktorinnen werden diskutiert. Die biochemischen Befunde stehen in Übereinstimmung mit der vonPearson auf die Duchenne-Dystrophie übertragenen Lyons-Hypothese, die eine Erklärung sowohl der klinisch manifest erkrankten Konduktorinnen als auch der vollständig normalen biochemischen und klinischen Befunde bei einer kleinen Zahl von genetisch gesicherten Überträgerinnen zu geben scheint.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The kinetics of the red cell pyruvate kinase of a patient with non spherocytic hemolytic anemia, of two heterozygous family members and of healthy controls were studied before and after partial purification over DEAE and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. In the native hemolysate and in the hemoglobin-free eluate the Michaelis Constants for PEP and ADP, as well as the pH-Optima were determined. Furthermore, the specifity of the enzyme was tested against Coenzyme-Analogous comparing its activity with IDP, CDP and GDP instead of ADP. The Michaelis Constants for PEP and ADP, as well as the optimal pH and the determinations of Coenzyme-specifity did not show any significant difference between patient, heterozygous and normals. — Striking differences however were seen between the Michaelis Constants before and after purification resulting in a decrease of affinity towards PEP in the hemoglobin-free eluate, both, in patient's and normals' erythrocytes. This paradoxical behaviour was elucidated by the fact, that the optimal pH after purification was 6,7 instead of 7,2, at which pH all determinations originally had been performed. Repeated measurements of PK activity at this new optimal pH originated in values similar to those in crude hemolysate. From these results it seems most unlikely, that the pyruvate kinase deficiency hemolytic anemia is caused by an abnormal enzyme protein.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von einem Knaben mit nichtsphärocytärer hämolytischer Anämie, bei welchem wir einen Pyruvat-Kinase-Mangel feststellen konnten, wurde die Erythrocyten-PK aller Familienmitglieder, darunter zweier Heterozygoter, bezüglich Enzymkinetik untersucht. Nach partieller Reinigung über Sephadex G-100 wurde die Michaelis-Konstante für PEP und ADP sowie die pH-Optima im rohen und gereinigten Hämolysat vergleichend bestimmt. Als weiteres wurde die Coenzymspezifität der PK vor und nach Reinigung gegenüber IDP, GDP und CDP von Gesunden mit derjenigen des Patienten und seiner Angehörigen verglichen. Weder Michaelis-Konstanten noch die pH-Optima noch die Coenzymspezifität der Erythrocyten des Patienten und der beiden Heterozygoten zeigten signifikante Unterschiede zu den Gesunden. Deutliche Differenzen ergaben sich jedoch zwischen den Michaelis-Konstanten für PEP vor und nach Reinigung des Enzyms im Sinne einer Abnahme der Substrataffinität nach der Reinigung. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß dieses paradoxe Verhalten der Michaelis-Konstanten auf einer Änderung der pH-Optima durch die Reinigung beruht und daß, wenn die Michaelis-Konstanten für PEP beim neuen pH-Optimum nach der Reinigung gemessen werden, die Unterschiede wegfallen. Unsere Befunde wurden denen der Literatur gegenübergestellt. Die Normalwerte und die Spezifität der Enzymbestimmungsmethoden werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0797
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new concept for the control of nitrification in highly polluted waste waters. The approach is based on mathematical modelling. To determine the substrate degradation rates of the microorganisms involved, a mathematical model using gas measurement is used. A fuzzy-controller maximises the capacity utilisation efficiencies. The experiments carried out in a lab-scale reactor demonstrate that even with highly varying ammonia concentrations in the influent, the nitrogen concentrations in the effluent can be kept within legal limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Polyclonal, polyspecific human IgG ; Pemphigus ; Skin organ culture ; Plasma exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient suffering from severe pemphigus vulgaris was treated using large-volume plasma exchange in combination with an immunosuppressive regimen. As some recent reports have shown evidence that polyclonal, polyspecific human IgG in high doses through the i.v. route (IGIV) protect target platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura from attack by antiplatelet autoantibodies and/or immune complexes, we also administered IGIV to this pemphigus-vulgaris patient. In order to test the hypothesis that IGIV might protect in vitro-cultured human skin from acantholysis induced by pemphigus antibodies, studies with skin organ cultures were carried out using plasma from another pemphigus-vulgaris patient who had undergone plasma exchange. The preincubation of either the skin explants or the pemphigus plasma with various concentrations of IGIV (ranging from 0.15 to 15 mg/ml in the culture medium) did not prevent acantholysis induced by the pemphigus plasma nor did it inhibit the binding of the specific antibodies visualized by direct immuno-fluorescence. Thus, the assumption that IGIV may coat the pemphigus antigens on epidermal cells making them inaccessible to pathogenic autoantibodies was not substantiated by our tests in vitro; likewise, the hypothesis of functionally blocking autoantibody activity by means of anti-idiotype effects of IGIV cannot be supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Absorption of Iron ; Influence of Pancreatin ; Pancreas ; Influence on the Absorption of Iron ; Pancreatin ; Influence on the Absorption of Iron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nachdem verschiedene klinische und experimentelle Arbeiten auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Eisenabsorption und Pankreasfunktion hingewiesen haben, wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit an jungen Ratten folgende Versuche durchgeführt: 1. Messung der Resorption von markiertem Eisen in Form von Eisensalz und Hämoglobineisen bei Ratten mit und ohne exogen zugeführtem Pankreatin. 2. Verfütterung von markiertem Eisensalz mit und ohne Pankreatinzusatz an normale Versuchstiere und solche, deren Pankreas durch Aethionin geschädigt war. Die Resultate ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Versuchsgruppen, d. h. ein Einfluß von exogenem Pankreatin konnte weder bei normalen Ratten noch bei aethioningeschädigten Tieren nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Abstract The absorption of radio-iron salts and hemoglobin-59Fe from the intestine was studied in young rats supplemented with pancreatic extracts in their diet. No effect of the pancreatin on the iron absorption could be demonstrated. In another type of experiment the effect of pancreatin on 59Fe absorption was investigated in normal and ethionin-fed rats. No significant influence of pancreatin on the iron absorption was found, neither in ethionin-treated rats nor in the control animals. These findings are contradictory to observations in the recent literature, which indicate a relationship between iron absorption and pancreatic function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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