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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 60 (1983), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental leukodystrophy ; Central myelin deficiency ; Mouse mutant Jimpy ; Spinal nerve roots ; Central-peripheral transition zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparative morphological and ultrastructural investigations on the cervical dorsal and ventral central-peripheral transition zones (CPTZs) of Jimpys and control mice have been performed at early and advanced myelination stages. After postnatal development a characteristic cone-shaped glial outgrowth extends into the proximal part of the dorsal roots, while the ventral roots exhibit short Schwann cell and peripheral nervous tissue invaginations into the spinal cord at the ventral root-spinal cord junction in both animal groups. In Jimpys, although there is marked central myelin deficiency and absence of oligodendroglial development on the CNS side, the normal general aspect of the CPTZs is maintained. Previously postulated astrocytic and neuroaxonal abnormalities in the mutants do not alter the central-peripheral borderline, and Schwann cell migration from the spinal nerve roots into the cord does not occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Polyneuropathy ; (IgM)-Paruproteinaemia ; Demyelination ; Myelin-associated Glycoprotein (MAG) ; Plasmapheresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of progressive polyneuropathy associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia is reported. A monoclonal IgM-lambda gradient was detected in the serum and cerebro-spinal fluid. By electro-immunoblot analysis antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein were found in the serum and cerebro-spinal fluid. The motor and sensory conduction velocities of several peripheral nerves were markedly decreased, and examination of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) revealed pathological latencies. Sural nerve biopsies before and after treatment with chlorambucil and plasmapheresis showed nerve fibre loss and demyelination. In the pre-treatment biopsy, heavy accumulations of filamentous material were found which stained positively for IgM by immuno-cytochemistry. Such accumulations had disappeared in a biopsy performed after treatment. The morphological findings were correlated with an improvement of clinical and electro-physiological findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Mucopolysaccharidosis II ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Electron microscopy ; Lysosomal storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic findings in the nervous system of a 23-week-old fetus are reported, in which MPS II was diagnosed prenatally. The degrees of myelination and neuronal differentiation were similar as in a normal fetus of the same age. A storage of mucopolysaccharides in typical vacuolar inclusion bodies was present throughout the peripheral and central nervous system, mainly in cells of mesenchymal origin. “Zebra” bodies and granulo-membranous bodies, which are thought to represent secondary ganglioside accumulation were only found in the well developed neurons of the spinal cord and spinal ganglia, but not in the poorly developed neurons of the cerebellar and cerebral cortex. Mucopolysaccharide storage in endothelial cells of cerebral blood vessels precedes the appearance of lipid storage in cerebral neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 78 (1989), S. 317-324 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Human foetal spinal cord ; Oligodendrocytes ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human oligodendrocytes have been successfully maintained in cell cultures for 14 weeks using a modification of a method used previously for animal brain cell cultures. Dissociated cell cultures from spinal cords of human foetuses of 10 to 20 weeks gestional age were investigated for up to 98 days. Oligodendrocytes were identified by monoclonal human antiserum specific for myelin-associated glycoprotein, by polyclonal rabbit antiserum against myelin basic protein, and by the mouse monoclonal antibody 16G1. Astrocytes were identified by polyclonal antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein. Immunocytochemical cell identification was corroborated by electron microscopy, by which glial cells were investigated both in situ and in culture. Immunocytochemical staining of myelin-associated glycoprotein showed specifically labelled oligodendrocytes on electron microscopy. The present study indicates that human oligodendrocytes, a putative target in demyelinating disease, can be studied in dissociated cell culture of human foetal spinal cord for several weeks in vitro under stable conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 79 (1989), S. 271-278 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Borrelia infections ; Lyme disease ; Neuritis ; Peripheral nerve disease ; Vasculitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and nerve biopsy findings from eight patients with peripheral nervous system complications of Lyme-Borreliosis are reported. Five cases showed the typical features of the Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth syndrome (meningoradiculoneuritis), one patient had a multiple mononeuritis associated with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans Herxheimer. Two cases could not be classified under these diagnostic categories. In all patients we observed a prompt relief of signs and symptoms after antibiotic treatment. Nerve biopsy studies showed gross infiltrations of epineurial vasa nervorum and small infiltrations around endoneurial capillaries. The infiltrations consisted of lymphocytes, histiocytes and plasma cells. We did not find necrotizing changes of the vessel walls, but thrombosis and recanalization was observed in some epineurial vessels. Seven biopsies showed a significant loss of myelinated axons due to axonal degeneration. Only in one biopsy did we observe segmental demyclination next to axonal degeneration. We conclude that the PNS complications of Lyme-Borreliosis in early and late stages of the disease are angiopathic due to vasculitis of the vasa nervorum and primarily caused by axonal degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 17 (1971), S. 103-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Tri-Ortho-Cresyl-Phosphate ; Spinal Ganglion ; Neurofilaments ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden Spinalganglien und periphere Nerven von normalen und mit Tri-Ortho-Cresyl-Phosphat (TOCP) vergifteten Hühnern elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. In den normalen Ganglien fanden sich zwei unterschiedliche Neuronentypen, große Zellen mit hellem Cytoplasma, in dem sich reichlich Neurofilamente fande, und kleinere Neurone, welche wenig oder keine Filamente enthielten. Die “hellen” Zellen reagierten auf TOCP mit einer starken Vermehrung der Neurofilamente, während die dunklen, kleineren Neurone eine Hypertrophie des endoplasmatischen Reticulums zeigten. Diese Veränderungen waren eindeutig nach 15 tägiger TOCP-Applikation sichtbar. An den peripheren Nerven traten bereits nach 6 tägiger Vergiftung deutlichen Reaktionen im Sinne einer Proliferation der glatten Membranen auf. Die möglichen Zusammenhänge dieser Veränderungen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The spinal ganglia and peripheral nerves of normal and tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP)-poisoned chickens were examined with the electron microscope. The normal ganglia contained two main neuron types, a large neuron with light cytoplasm and abundant neurofilaments, and a smaller, darker cell which contained few or no filaments. The “light” neurons reacted to TOCP with a very great increase in the number of filaments present in the cytoplasm, while the darker cells showed a hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum. These changes were not definitely present until 15 days after TOCP ingestion, while the largediameter fibres of the peripheral nerves showed a proliferation of smooth membranes at 6 days. The possible mechanisms for these changes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Testicular neoplasms ; Stage IV ; Combination chemotherapy ; Prognosis ; Cross-resistance ; Testikuläre Tumoren ; Stadium IV ; kombinierte Chemotherapie ; Prognose ; Kreuzresistenz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vierundsiebzig Patienten mit pulmonal metastasierten nicht-seminomatösen Hodentumoren wurden im Rahmen einer prospektiven randomisierten Phase III-Studie sequentiell alternierend mit Velbe/Bleomycin und Adriamycin/Cisplatin behandelt. Unabhängig von der Randomisierung der initialen Zytostatika-Kombination wurden bei 71 auswertbaren Patienten bei einer Ansprechrate von 89% in 54% der Fälle Vollremissionen erzielt, die bei 35% der Patienten zwischen 2+ und 28+ Monaten mit einem Median von 12 Monaten andauerten. Durch zusätzliche operative Entfernung residueller pulmonaler Solitärmetastasen wurde die Vollremissionsrate auf 40/71 (56%) und die Anzahl der andauernden Vollremissionen auf 27/71 (38%) erhöht. Die Zwei-Jahres-Überlebensrate betrug nach der „Life-table“-Methode 63% bei den Patienten, bei denen eine Vollremission erreicht wurde, und war mit 29% bei den übrigen Patienten statistisch signifikant niedriger. Dreiundfünfzig Patienten (75%) waren bei einer mittleren Überlebenszeit von 9 Monaten zwischen 3 und 28 Monaten am Leben. Zusätzliche fortgeschrittene abdominelle Metastasierung, initial erhöhte β-HCG-und LDH-Werte und das Ausmaß der pulmonalen Metastasierung beeinflußten die Prognose statistisch signifikant negativ. Die Auswertung der einzelnen Chemotherapie-Kurse zeigte, daß beide Zytostatika-Kombinationen gleich wirksam waren. Dabei war jedoch ein Ansprechen auf Adriamycin/Cisplatin in 46% der Fälle nachweisbar, in denen Velbe/Bleomycin versagt hatte, während Velbe/Bleomycin nur bei 21% der Fälle wirksam war, in denen Adriamycin/Cisplatin zu keinem Ansprechen geführt hatte. Eine unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Kreuzresistenz zwischen den beiden Zytostatika-Kombinationen muß daher angenommen werden.
    Notes: Summary 74 patients with disseminated non-seminomatous testicular cancer were randomly entered on a prospective sequential combination chemotherapy regimen with mandatory crossover, consisting of either vinblastine/bleomycin or adriamycin/cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (DDP) as initial therapy. Independent of the randomization the overall remission rate in 71 evaluable patients was 89% including 54% complete remissions. 35% of the patients remained disease-free at 2+ to 28+ months with a median of 12 months. By additional surgical removal of residual pulmonary metastases in two patients the complete remission rate was increased to 40/71 (56%), and the number of patients with no evidence of disease to 27/71 (38%). According to the life-table method the two-years survival rates were 63% for complete responders and 29% for all other patients, which was significantly lower. 53 patients (75%) were alive at 3 to 28 months with a median of 9 months. Additional advanced abdominal disease, initially elevated β-HCG and LDH and extension of pulmonary disease were of significant negative influence on the prognosis. The evaluation of single chemotherapy courses revealed equal efficacy of both combinations. However, response to adriamycin/DDP occurred in 46% of the courses, when vinblastine/bleomycin had failed, while response to vinblastine/bleomycin occurred only in 21% of the courses when adriamycin/DDP had failed. Thus different patterns of cross-resistance between these alternative regimens may exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Centronuclear myopathy ; X-linked ; Muscle needle biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Severe neonatal centronuclear myopathy is inherited as an X-linked condition characterized by primary asphyxia, extreme muscular hypotonia and absent spontaneous movements. We report seven cases from three families to point out the importance of diagnosis with regard to prognosis, outcome and genetic counselling. In hypotonic diseases, analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, electromyography, nerve conduction velocity creatine kinase and a skin biopsy for fibroblast cultures for metabolic investigations are usually carried out. Needle muscle biopsy is an additional valuable investigation to establish diagnosis. In all our patients we found an increased number of centrally located nuclei with perinuclear halos confirming the diagnosis of centronuclear myopathy. The diagnosis of this disorder will become of greater importance as soon as carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis by DNA-technology are routinely available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Disc herniation ; disc prolaps ; lyme-borreliosis ; meningoradiculoneuritis ; differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report on 3 patients with meningoradiculoneuritis (MRN) due to Lyme-borreliosis (LB), which presented clinically as vertebral disc herniation. In 2 cases the underlying infection was discovered only after unsuccessful neurosurgical treatment. In the differential diagnosis between MRN and disc herniation the following criteria are sugestive of MRN and should raise suspicion of a non-discogenic aetiology: History of tick bite or erythema chronicum migrans, fever or general malaise, monoor oligoradiculopathy with absent or insignificant lumbar pain and complaints of a burning character of the radiating pain. In suspicious cases we recommend blood investigations including antibody determination against borrelia burgdorferi and CSF investigations including cell count and cytology, protein and glucose determination, nephelometry and isoelectric focusing to exclude MRN and other conditions that may mimic disc herniation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 56 (1997), S. 63-70 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Rheumatoide ; Arthritis ; Autoantikörper ; Autoantigen ; 68k-Antigen ; Anti-68k-Antikörper ; Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; autoantibodies ; autoantigen ; 68k antigen ; anti-68k antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Diagnostik vieler rheumatischer Systemerkrankungen wird heute durch den Nachweis von Autoantikörpern unterstützt und erleichtert. Für die Serodiagnostik der Rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) stehen nur die doch wenig spezifischen Rheumafaktoren zur Verfügung. Mit dem Ziel, neue krankheitsspezifische Autoantikörper nachzuweisen, erfolgte eine besondere Proteinaufarbeitung aus Synovialisbiopsien und anderen Geweben. Western Blots der gewonnenen Proteine wurden eingesetzt, um Seren von RA-Patienten und solchen mit anderen rheumatischen Erkrankungen zu untersuchen. Die signifikanteste Immunreaktion von RA-Patienten richtete sich gegen ein 68k-Antigen, welches vermutlich ubiquitär exprimiert wird, da es nicht nur in Synovialis, sondern in allen weiteren untersuchten Humangeweben und HeLa-Zellen nachgewiesen werden konnte. Der isoelektrische Punkt liegt bei 5,1, das Protein ist O-glykosyliert und im endoplasmatischen Retikulum und/oder Cytoplasma lokalisiert. Antikörper gegen dieses 68k-Antigen waren bei 110 von 167 RA-Patienten nachzuweisen, was einer Sensitivität von 66% entspricht. Ihr Vorkommen war unabhängig vom Rheumafaktornachweis, da sie auch bei 7 von 12 seronegativen RA-Patienten zu finden waren, dagegen nur bei einem Patienten aus einer Kontrollgruppe von 98 Patienten mit anderen rheumatologischen Krankheitsbildern, bei einem von 22 HIV-Patienten und überhaupt nicht bei 55 Gesunden. Daraus resultiert eine RA-Spezifität für diesen Antikörper von 99%. Wegen der auffälligen Krankheitsspezifität der anti-68k-Antikörper liegt es nahe, nach korrespondierenden autoreaktiven T-Zellen zu suchen, um die Rolle dieser neuen Autoreaktivität in dem Pathomechanismus der RA zu analysieren.
    Notes: Summary Despite commonly applied clinical criteria, the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often remains difficult, thus delaying on suitable early treatment. In search for a test furthering the early and reliable diagnosis of RA, we have screened for novel disease specific autoantibodies. To this end proteins were isolated from synovial membranes and other tissues following a special protein purification protocol, and these were separated electrophoretically. Western blots were then used to screen sera of RA patients and of individuals suffering from other rheumatic diseases for antibodies to any of these proteins. The most prominent RA specific immunoreaction was with a 68k antigen, occurring in 110 of 167 RA patients (sensitivity is 66%). The antibody could also be identified in seronegative RA patients but not in healthy individuals (55 tested), in only 1 SLE patient of a group of 98 patients with other rheumatic diseases and in 1 out of 22 HIV patients, resulting in a specificity of 99%. Moreover, the anti-68k antibody could be correlated with a more severe course of RA. 13 out of 20 anti-68k positive RA patients (58%) had subcutaneous nodules, while only 2 out of 11 anti-68k negative (20%) did. The mean sedimentation rate of these antibody positive patients was 51mm/h and 26mm/h for the negative respectively. The 68k antigen was shown to be present in all human tissues investigated and is probably ubiquitously expressed. It is either located in the endoplasmatic reticulum or cytoplasm or both. Its isoelectric point is 5.1. It proved to be O-glycosylated and contains only one or a few sugar residues as the untreated and the deglycosylated antigen identical electrophoretical mobilities. The patient derived anti-68k antibodies were directed against the sugar residue: deglycosylation of the antigen completely abolished its immunoreactivity. N-acetylglucosamine competes with the antibody for binding the 68k antigen. The physicochemical data of the 68k antigen argue against identity with one of the autoantigens in this molecular mass range already known to be associated with RA or other autoimmune diseases. It is neither identical to the 62k human antigen (EBNA-1) nor to RA33 (A2hnRNP), the 50k Sa antigen or the Hsp70 class of heatshock proteins. It is argued that the particular method of protein purification applied in combination with separation via SDS-PAGE in the presence of urea, made it possible to detect a hitherto unidentified antigen. Considering the striking disease specificity of the anti-68k antibody, it is now worthwhile to look for corresponding autoreactive T cells in order to analyse its role in the pathogenesis of RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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