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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts An economic and sensitive test system for measuring random and directional migration of human neutrophils is described. The technique, based on a modified Boyden chamber equipped with a two-filter system, permits a substantial reduction of both incubation time and sample volume. The influence of various technical factors such as the neutrophil concentration in the cell suspension, the incubation time of the chambers, the test concentration of activated plasma or serum, the presence of heparin, and the procedure for separating neutrophils from human peripheral blood, was investigated. Standardized procedures for measuring and reporting neutrophil chemotaxis are proposed. The method has been used to study the significance of factors regulating neutrophil migration such as cytotaxin inactivators and neutrophil immobilizing factors (NIF). Activity of cytotaxin inactivators as assessed in undiluted serum or plasma at pH 7.4, 6.0 or 4.0 was very low. In contrast, potent neutrophil immobilizing activity was found in human serum or diluted plasma. These factors which inhibit migration were accordingly termed neutrophil immobilizing factors of plasma (NIF-P) and neutrophil immobilizing factor of serum (NIF-S). These factors are heat-stable, non-dialysable and of high molecular weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Polyclonal, polyspecific human IgG ; Pemphigus ; Skin organ culture ; Plasma exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A patient suffering from severe pemphigus vulgaris was treated using large-volume plasma exchange in combination with an immunosuppressive regimen. As some recent reports have shown evidence that polyclonal, polyspecific human IgG in high doses through the i.v. route (IGIV) protect target platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura from attack by antiplatelet autoantibodies and/or immune complexes, we also administered IGIV to this pemphigus-vulgaris patient. In order to test the hypothesis that IGIV might protect in vitro-cultured human skin from acantholysis induced by pemphigus antibodies, studies with skin organ cultures were carried out using plasma from another pemphigus-vulgaris patient who had undergone plasma exchange. The preincubation of either the skin explants or the pemphigus plasma with various concentrations of IGIV (ranging from 0.15 to 15 mg/ml in the culture medium) did not prevent acantholysis induced by the pemphigus plasma nor did it inhibit the binding of the specific antibodies visualized by direct immuno-fluorescence. Thus, the assumption that IGIV may coat the pemphigus antigens on epidermal cells making them inaccessible to pathogenic autoantibodies was not substantiated by our tests in vitro; likewise, the hypothesis of functionally blocking autoantibody activity by means of anti-idiotype effects of IGIV cannot be supported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: xamoterol ; partial agonist ; beta1-selective ; physical performance ; metabolism ; healthy volunteers ; hormone levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a double-blind, random, cross-over study, 14 healthy male volunteers received xamoterol 200 mg (Corwin; C) twice daily or placebo (P) for two seven-day medication periods to investigate effects on physical performance, cardiocirulatory parameters, metabolism and hormone levels during exercise. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was also done. C showed a positive inotropic effect up to an exercise intensity of 100 W, corresponding to a heart rate of about 100 beats · min−1. Chronotropic regulation of the heart remained unchanged, but the increase in systolic blood pressure was more pronounced and the catecholamines behaved as after P. From 150 W onwards, C exhibited beta-blocking properties; heart rate was reduced by up to 8 beats · min−1; systolic blood pressure remained unchanged; and the catecholamines showed a more pronounced increase than after P. Diastolic blood pressure behaved almost identically under all test conditions. With the exception of a slightly increased level of free fatty acids at rest, the parameters of physical performance, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the hormone levels under all conditions after C showed similar behaviour to that after as P. The findings indicate that physical performance capacity, cardiocirculatory system, metabolism and hormones were not negatively influenced by C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The impact of contrail-induced cirrus clouds on regional climate is estimated for mean atmospheric conditions of southern Germany in the months of July and October. This is done by use of a regionalized one-dimensional radiative convective model (RCM). The influence of an increased ice cloud cover is studied by comparing RCM results representing climatological values with a modified case. In order to study the sensitivity of this effect on the radiative characteristics of the ice cloud, two types of additional ice clouds were modelled: cirrus and contrails, the latter cloud type containing a higher number of smaller and less of the larger cloud particles. Ice cloud parameters are calculated on the basis of a particle size distribution which covers the range from 2 to 2000 μm, taking into consideration recent measurements which show a remarkable amount of particles smaller than 20 μm. It turns out that a 10% increase in ice cloud cover leads to a surface temperature increase in the order of 1K, ranging from 1.1 to 1.2K in July and from 0.8 to 0.9K in October depending on the radiative characteristics of the air-traffic-induced ice clouds. Modelling the current contrail cloud cover which is near 0.5% over Europe yields a surface temperature increase in the order of 0.05 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Serological and genetic analyses of H-2 antigens indicate that each K or D region allele controls two highly polymorphic antigenic sites, the alpha site corresponding to the private specificity and the gamma site corresponding to the long public specificities. Studies of cell surface distribution and biochemical characteristics of the alpha type specificity H-2.4 and gamma type specificity H-2.28 in the product of a D region allele, Dd, demonstrate that these specificities are carried on two different polypeptide chains. Accordingly, two distinct and polymorphic genes are postulated to code for the product controlled by the D region of H-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 113 (1964), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Specialized Section on Nucleic Acids and Related Subjects 80 (1964), S. 148-151 
    ISSN: 0926-6550
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 215 (1967), S. 426-428 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Specific pathogen-free Swiss albino mice (Hale-Stoner strain) of both sexes were used. Mating time was limited to 8 h to allow a more accurate estimate of the gestation time. One pregnant female in each cage was allowed to deliver on term and served as a reference for determination of the age of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distinctive features of axons and dendrites divide most neurons into two compartments. This polarity is fundamental to the ability of most neurons to integrate synaptic signals and transmit action potentials. It is not known, however, if the polarity of neurons in the adult mammalian nervous system is fixed or plastic. Following axotomy, some distal dendrites of neck motoneurons in the adult cat give rise to unusual processes that, at a light microscopic level, resemble axons (Rose, P.K. & Odlozinski, M., J. Comp. Neurol., 1998, 390, 392). The goal of the present experiments was to characterize these unusual processes using well-established ultrastructural and molecular criteria that differentiate dendrites and axons. These processes were immunoreactive for growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a protein that is normally confined to axons. In contrast, immunoreactivity for a protein that is widely used as a marker for dendrites, microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2a/b, could not be detected in the unusual distal arborizations. At the electron microscopic level, unusual distal processes contained dense collections of neurofilaments and were frequently myelinated. These molecular and structural characteristics are typical of axons and suggest that the polarity of adult neurons in the mammalian nervous system can be disrupted by axotomy. If this transformation in neuronal polarity is common to other types of neurons, axon-like processes emerging from distal dendrites may represent a mechanism for replacing connections lost due to injury. Alternatively, the connections formed by these axons may be aberrant and therefore maladaptive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The extended BBCH scale is a system for a uniform coding of phenologicaliy similar growth stages of all mono- and dicotyledonous plant species, based on the well known cereal code of Zadoks et al. (1974). The BBCH key is it decimal system, with 10 principal growth stages and up to 10 secondary ones, starting with seed germination, sprouting of perennials, progressing through leaf production and extension growth to flowering and senescence. Therefore, it can also be a suitable tool to define the growth stages of different weed species. To encourage further use of the BBCH scale in weed research, definitions of the codes have been more closely adapted to weeds. Possible problems are discussed and guidelines for correct use are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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