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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinische Beobachtungen über die Bedeutung erhöhter Kreatinausscheidung (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 203 (1972), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Chemistry, clinical ; Creatine ; Enzyme repression ; Muscular atrophy ; Myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei 137 erwachsenen Patienten wurde die Kreatinausscheidung im Harn während kreatinarmer Diät bestimmt, darunter 63 Fälle von Muskeldystrophie, 48 Fälle mit neurogener Muskelatrophie und 12 Fälle von Myositis. Die Kreatinausscheidung (arithmetisches Mittel aus größeren Gruppen) nimmt mit der Floridität des muskelatrophischen Prozesses zu; die Beziehung ist nicht linear. Kommt die Muskelatrophie zum Stillstand, so verlieren einige Kranke trotzdem weiterhin beträchtliche Mengen Kreatin. In diesen Fällen ist die Kreatinausscheidung abhängig von dem Ausmaß der bereits eingetretenen Atrophien. 2. Unter den Patienten mit regelrechter (0–40 mg/24 Std) oder kaum erhöhter Kreatinausscheidung befinden sich zahlreiche Fälle mit chronischer oder sogar sehr florider Muskelatrophie. Auch das Gegenteil ist häufig beobachtet worden: Kranke mit Kreatinverlust über 200 mg/24 Std, ohne Nachweis einer floriden oder abgelaufenen Muskelatrophie. In diesen Fällen ergab sich der Verdacht auf verschiedene, allgemein eingreifende Stoffwechselstörungen. 3. Sämtliche Beobachtungen erhöhter Kreatinausscheidung lassen sich vereinbaren mit der Annahme eines zu hohen Kreatinangebots an die Muskulatur. Unterstellt man, daß die Kreatinsynthese auch beim Menschen reguliert wird, so wurde bei fast der Hälfte der Patienten das Kreatinangebot einem geringeren Bedarf angepaßt: die Kreatinausscheidung war nicht oder kaum erhöht.
    Notes: Summary 1. Creatine excretion was measured in the urine of 137 adult patients during creatine-poor intake; the samples included 63 cases of muscular dystrophy, 48 cases of muscular atrophy following diseases of the nervous system, and 12 cases of myositis. Consideration of the arithmetic means showed that creatine excretion increases in unlinear proportion to the rapidity of muscular atrophy. Some patients, however, continue to lose considerable amounts of creatine even during remission of muscular atrophy. In these cases there is a positive correlation between the quantity of creatine excreted and the extent of muscular atrophy. 2. The group of patients excreting normal (0–40 mg/24 hrs) or only slightly increased amounts of creatine, included several cases of chronic and even acute muscular atrophy. The converse was also frequently observed; excretion of more than 200 mg creatine within 24 hrs in patients, exhibiting no evidence of acute or formerly acute muscular atrophy. Various metabolic disorders with general effects were suspected in these cases. 3. All the cases of increased creatine excretion observed are consistent with the hypothesis that surplus creatine is offered to the muscle mass. Assuming that creatine synthesis is regulated in man as in chick and rat, the rate of creatine synthesis was adjusted to decreasing demands in almost 50% of the patients: the amount of creatine excreted was normal or only slightly increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Wirkung mehrtägiger Kreatinbelastung auf eine erhöhte Kreatinausscheidung (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 207 (1974), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Chemistry, clinical ; Creatine ; Enzyme repression ; Muscular atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Bei Patienten mit erhöhter Kreatinausscheidung verringert sich die Kreatinurie nach mehrtägiger oraler Kreatinzufuhr. Die geringere oder sogar normale Kreatinurie stellt sich binnen 6 Tagen ein, meistens gefolgt von rhythmischen Schwankungen der Ausscheidung mit einer Frequenz von 6–8 Tagen. 2. Damit diese Veränderung einer erhöhten Kreatinurie ausgelöst wird, muß die Konzentration des Kreatins im Serum länger als 24 Std mindestens 1,5 mg/100ml betragen haben; anschließend muß die Zufuhr von exogenem Kreatin abrupt und vollständig unterbrochen werden. 3. Die Beobachtungen sind vereinbar mit der Annahme, daß Kreatin beim Menschen — ebenso wie bei Huhn und Ratte — die Arginin:Glycin-Amidinotransferase reprimiert und auf diese Weise seine eigene Synthese reguliert. Der Mechanismus wird nicht beansprucht, solange überschüssiges Kreatin durch die Niere eliminiert werden kann.
    Notes: Summary 1. In patients with elevated excretion of creatine, creatinuria regularly decreases after oral administration of creatine for more than 1 day. A lower or even normal level of excretion is reached within 6 days, usually followed by rhythmic changes of excretion at a frequency of 6–8 days. 2. Creatine concentration must have reached 1.5 mg/100 ml serum for more than 24 hrs and further intake of creatine must then be stopped abruptly, to initiate this phenomenon. 3. The observation is consistent with the assumption that creatine synthesis in man is regulated by repression of l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (EC 2.1.4.1) by creatine as in chick and rat. Repression will not come into effect, as long as surplus creatine is eliminated via the kidneys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312561
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Überwachung der Langzeitmedikation mit Diphenylhydantoin (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 204 (1973), S. 179-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Hydantoins ; Drug withdrawal symptoms ; Drug hypersensitivity ; Chemistry, clinical
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Bestimmung von 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) im Serum und von 5(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-Phenylhydantoin (DPH-OH) im Harn mit der Gaschromatographie wird beschrieben. 2. Bei 11 Patienten, die täglich 300 mg DPH per os als antikonvulsive Therapie erhielten, wurden im Laufe von Wochen mehrmals der DPH-Spiegel im Serum und die DPH-OH-Ausscheidung im Harn bestimmt. Die DPH-Spiegel im Serum lagen zwischen 4 und 14 μg/ml, im Durchschnitt wurden 60% des eingenommenen DPH als DPH-OH im Harn gefunden. Die Variabilität der DPH-OH-Ausscheidung war sehr groß. Langdauernde Zusatzmedikation von Phenobarbital (200 mg) beeinflußte die Werte nicht. Unter dem Dosierschema „3mal 100 mg DPH“ mit nächtlicher Pause von 12 Std waren keine Schwankungen des DPH-Spiegels im Serum meßbar. 3. Zwei Patienten hatten wesentlich höhere DPH-Spiegel im Serum (25 bis 30 μg/ml). In einem Fall wurden klinische Symptome einer Intoxikation erst durch Entzug der Medikation offenbar. Der andere Patient bekam Lymphome. 4. Die Langzeittherapie mit DPH sollte durch Bestimmung von DPH im Serum und von DPH-OH im Harn überwacht werden, da die therapeutische Breite des DPH nicht groß ist. Die Bestimmung von DPH-OH im Harn allein ist nicht ausreichend.
    Notes: Summary 1. 5,5-Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) concentration in serum and 5(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-Phenylhydantoin (DPH-OH) content of urine were measured by Gas-Liquid Chromatography. A method was adapted to suit clinical demands. 2. In 11 patients receiving 300 mg DPH per os daily for anticonvulsant therapy, serum concentrations of DPH and urine content of DPH-OH were measured several times in the course of weeks. DPH concentrations in serum ranged from 4 to 14 μg/ml. On the average, 60% of the DPH administered was eliminated as DPH-OH in urine. However, excretion of DPH-OH varied considerably. Phenobarbital (200 mg) given concurrently in long-term therapy did not influence the excretion of DPH-OH. — If 100 mg of DPH are taken three times daily, with a 12-hour interval at night, no diurnal fluctuation is measurable of DPH concentration in serum. 3. In 2 patients, high DPH concentrations in serum were found (25 to 30 μg/ml): in one case, signs of intoxication appeared only when DPH therapy was discontinued. The other case developed lymphoma, which regressed immediately upon withdrawal of DPH. 4. Long-term therapy with DPH should be controlled by measuring DPH concentration in serum and DPH-OH excretion in urine. DPH-OH estimation alone is not reliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316360
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notes on the pollination mechanisms ofMoraea inclinata andM. brevistyla (Iridaceae) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 163 (1989), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Iridaceae ; Moraea inclinata ; M. brevistyla ; Bees ; Anthophoridae ; Halictidae ; Pollination mechanism ; flower morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individual flowers ofMoraea inclinata are nectariferous and last about six hours. They appear to be pollinated largely by bees in the familyHalictidae (Lasioglossum spp.,Nomia spp.,Zonalictus) and to a lesser extent by bees in the familyAnthophoridae (Amegilla). The mechanism of bee-pollination inM. inclinata is the “Iris type”; i.e., each flower consists of three pollination units (an outer tepal, a partly exserted anther, and the opposed style branch which terminates in a pair of petal-like crests). Bees rarely visit more than one pollination unit per flower. Transferral of pollen to the bee is passive and nototribic although all bees collected on the flowers were female and 55% of the bees carried pollen loads with 2–5 pollen taxa in their scopae.Moraea brevistyla flowers are nectariferous but lack scent and last two days. They are visited infrequently by bees and only one femaleLasioglossum spec. carried the pollen ofM. brevistyla. Unlike flowers ofM. inclinata those ofM. brevistyla deposit pollen only on the head and thorax. Bee-mediated autogamy in both species is avoided due to the erratic foraging patterns of the bees and the flexibility of each stigma lobe as the bee backs out of the flower. Approximately 2–4 flowers in the inflorescences of both species (6–8 flowers/infloresence) develop into capsules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936515
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bee-pollination inHibbertia fasciculata (Dilleniaceae) (1986)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 152 (1986), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Dilleniaceae ; Hibbertia fasciculata ; Lasioglossum (Halictidae) ; Leioproctus (Colletidae) ; Myrtaceae ; Bees ; beetles ; floral symmetry ; stamens ; stigmas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In direct contrast to mostHibbertia spp., the flowers ofH. fasciculata R. Br. ex D. C. bear only a single whorl of stamens and these stamens are arranged separately (not in typical “bundles”). The short filaments are appressed to the three carpels so that the inflated, porose and introrsive anthers form a centralized cluster obscuring the three ovaries. The three slender styles emerge at right angles from between the filaments. These styles curve upward and the stigmas form the three points of a triangle; each stigma is approximately one millimeter outside the centralized cluster of anthers. The flowers are nectarless and bear a bright yellow corolla. A pungent and unpleasant fragrance appears to be concentrated within the pollenkitt. When native bees attempt to forage for the pollen, within the cluster of anthers, the ventrally deposited loads of pollen, on the bees' abdomens, contact the outer triangle of stigmas. The major pollinators ofH. fasciculata are female bees in the polylectic genera,Lasioglossum (subgenusChilalictus, Halictidae) andLeioproctus (Colletidae). These bees carry an average of more than two pollen taxa when they are caught foraging onH. fasciculata. 78% of the 47 bees, captured onH. fasciculata carried the pollen from at least one sympatric taxon bearing nectariferous flowers (e.g., genera in theMyrtaceae, Compositae, andEpacridaceae). The pollination biology ofH. fasciculata is assessed in relation to the known radiation of bee-pollinated flowers in the genusHibbertia, and within theDilleniaceae s. l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989430
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das erste gemischt-valente Oxocobaltat(I, II): Rb5Co2O4 [1] (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 540-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mixed-valent oxide of cobalt ; structure ; MAPLE, CHARDI, MEFIR-FIT ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Mixed-Valent Oxide of Cobalt(I, II): Rb5Co2O4For the first time we obtained a new mixed-valent oxide of mono- and divalent Cobalt. Black-red single-crystals of Rb5Co2O4 were prepared by heating powders of “Rb6CdO4” in closed Co-cylinders at 500° during 48 days.Structure solution and refinement are covered by two measurements with four-circle diffractometers. MoKα: 2 145 Io(hkl), out of 2 818 Io(hkl), R = 9.85%, Rw = 5.93% AgKα: 1 813 Io(hkl) out of 4 007 Io(hkl), R = 9.46%, Rw = 6.51%) and confirm the space-group P1. The lattice constants are a = 696.4(1) pm, b = 922.2(3) pm, c = 958.9(3) pm, α = 117.99(2)°, β = 89.96(2)°, γ h= 108.12(2)°, Z = 2According to its composition Rb10[OCoO]2[OCoO2CoO] the structure is built up by two Co atoms of chemically and crystallographically different nature. We find isolated dumb-bell-like anions [O—Co—O]3- being already known with monovalent Co (e. g. K3CoO2) together with units [OCoO2CoO]4- of two connected triangles CoO3 being well-known from K2BeO2 ≜ K4[Be2O4]. ECoN/mEFIR calculations are made starting with values obtained by a new procedure called “MEFIR-FIT”.
    Notes: Durch 48tägiges Tempern von Rb6CdO4 in verschlossenen Co-Zylindern bei 500°C wurde erstmals ein gemischt-valentes Oxid des ein- und zweiwertigen Cobalts in Form von schwarzroten Einkristallen dargestellt. Die Strukturaufklärung mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometer (zwei Messungen: MoKα: 2 145 von 2 818 Io(hkl), R = 9,85%, Rw = 5,93% AgKα: 1 813 von 4 007 Io(hkl), R = 9,46%, Rw = 6,51%) belegt die Raumgruppe P1. Die Gitterkonstanten nach Pulverdaten sind a = 696,4(1) pm, b = 922,2(3) pm, c = 958,9(3) pm, α = 117,99(2)°, β = 89,96(2)°, γ = 108,12(2)°, Z = 2 (Standardabweichungen in Einheiten der letzten Stelle Klammern).Die chemisch unterschiedlichen Co-Teilchen nehmen auch kristallographisch unterschiedliche Umgebungen an: Während CoI in Form „isolierter“, linearer Hanteln [O—Co—O]3- vorliegt, bildet CoII[Co2O4]4--Einheiten in Form zweier kantenverknüpfter Dreiecke CoO3, analog dem Aufbau des Anions in K4[Be2O4] [2].Zur Berechnung der Startwerte der „Mittleren Fiktiven Ionenradien“ (MEFIR) wird ein neues Verfahren (MEFIR-FIT) angewandt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    K10[Co4O9], ein neues Oxocobaltat(II) mit oligomerem Anion (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1807-1817 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: New oligooxocobaltate(II) ; structure ; MAPLE ; CHARDI ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: K10[Co4O9], a New Oligooxocobaltate(II)For the first time dark-red single crystals of K10[Co4O9] were obtained by heating mixtures of KO0.48 and CdO (molar ratio 2.7:1) in closed Co-cylinders at 450°C during 73 d.Structure solution and refinement (four-circle diffractometer data, Mo Kα, 2 996 out of 2 996 Io(hkl), R = 5.20%, Rw = 3.03%) confirm the space-group P1 and show structural relationship with Na10[Co4O9] [2]. The lattice constants are a = 667.84(5) pm, b = 917.91(9) pm, c = 908.49(7) pm, α = 119.400(7)°, β = 90.851(7)°, γ = 110.260(6)°, Z = 1. (powder data (Guinier-Simon), standard deviations in parentheses)MAPLE calculations are made and a comparative survey of MAPLE values of oxocobaltates(II) is given.
    Notes: Erstmals wurde K10[Co4O9] in Form dunkelroter Einkristalle durch „Reaktion mit der Gefäßwand“ beim Tempern inniger Gemenge von KO0,48 mit CdO (molares Verhältnis 2,7:1, 73 d, 450°C) in verschlossenen Co-Bomben dargestellt.Die Strukturaufklärung mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometer (Mo Kα, 2 996 von 2 996 Io(hkl), R = 5,20%, Rw = 3,03%) bestätigt die strukturelle Analogie zu Na10[Co4O9] [2].K10[Co4O9] kristallisiert triklin (Raumgruppe P1) mit a = 667,84(5) pm, b = 917,91(9) pm, c = 908,49(7) pm, α = 119,400(7)°, β = 90,851(7)°, γ = 110,260(6)°, Z = 1. (Guinier-Simon-Daten, Standardabweichungen in Klammern)Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, wird berechnet und mit Werten bereits bekannter Oxocobaltate(II) verglichen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936191102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das erste quaternäre Oxocobaltat(I): CsK2[CoO2] (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxide of monovalent cobalt ; structure ; magnetism ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Quaternary Oxide of Monovalent Cobalt: CsK2[CoO2]Dark-red single crystals of CsK2[CoO2] were obtained via „reaction with the cyliner surface“ by heating powders of Cs2K2Cd3O5 in closed Co-cylinders at 500°C during 48 d.Structure solution and refinement (four-circle diffractometer data, MoKα, 147 independent Io(hkl), none was omitted, R = 3.42%, Rw = 2.24%) show close relationship with RbNa2[NiO2] [2].The lattice-constants are: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ a{\rm = 529.506(5) pm, }c{\rm = 986.18(1) pm, }Z{\rm = 2}{\rm .} $$\end{document} (powder data, standard deviations in parentheses) MAPLE calculations, investigations of magnetism and EPR measurement add to the monovalence of Co.
    Notes: Tiefdunkelrote Einkristalle von CsK2[CoO2] entstanden durch „Reaktion mit der Gefäßwand“ von vorgetempertem Cs2K2Cd3O5 in verschlossenen Co-Bomben bei 500°C während 48 d.Die Strukturaufklärung mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometer (MoKα, alle 147 symmetrieunabhängigen Io(hkl) zur Verfeinerung, R = 3,42%, Rw = 2,24%) belegt die strukturelle Analogie zu RbNa2[NiO2] [2], dem ersten quaternären Oxoniccolat(I) der Alkalimetalle.Die Gitterkonstanten nach Pulverdaten (Guinier-Simon) betragen: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ a{\rm = 529,506(5) pm,}c{\rm = 986,18(1) pm,}Z{\rm = 2}{\rm .} $$\end{document} (Standardabweichungen in Einheiten der letzten Stelle in Klammern)MAPLE-Berechnungen, magnetische Untersuchungen und EPR-Messungen belegen erstmals die Anwesenheit formal einwertigen Cobalts in einem Oxid.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19946200202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Oxide mit dem “Butterfly-Motiv”: Rb6[Fe2O5] und K6[Fe2O5] (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 618 (1992), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: New oxides of divalent iron ; structure ; MAPLE ; CHARDI ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: New Oxides with the “Butterfly-Motive”: Rb6[Fe2O5] and K6[Fe2O5]Rb6[Fe2O5] and K6[Fe2O5] were obtained for the first time by annealing intimate mixtures of “Rb6CdO4” with CdO (molar ratio 1 : 1.1) and KO0.48 with CdO (molar ratio 5.9 : 1) respectively in closed Fe-cylinders. Determination and refinement of the crystalstructure confirms the space group C2/m (four-circle-diffractometer data). Rb6[Fe2O5]: Ag Kα, 720 out of 1220 Io(hkl), R = 9.68%, Rw = 6.09%; a = 718.9pm, b = 1183.1 pm, c = 695.4pm, β = 95.05°, Z = 2; K6[Fe2O5]: MoKα, 1214 Out of 12141o(hkl), R = 3.20070, Rw = 2.48%, a = 691.21 pm, b = 1142.78pm, c = 665.50pm, β = 93.82°, Z = 2. The binuclear unit [O2FeOFeO2]6- already known to be planar with oxoferrates(II) now was observed to be angular here and closely related to Na6[Be2O5].
    Notes: Rb6[Fe2O5] und K6[Fe2O5] wurden erstmals durch Tempern inniger Gemenge von “Rb6CdO4” mit CdO (im Verhältnis 1 : 1,1) bzw. KO0,48 mit CdO (im Verhältnis 5,9 : 1) in verschlossenen Fe-Zylindern in Form von roten Einkristallen erhalten. Die Strukturaufklärung (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, Rb6[Fe2O5]: Ag Kα, 720 von 1 220 Io(hkl), R = 9,68%, Rw = 6,09%; K6[Fe2O5]: Mo Kα, 1 214 von 1 214 Io(hkl), R = 3,20%, Rw = 2,48%) belegt die Raumgruppe C2/m. Rb6[Fe2O5]: a = 718,9 pm, b = 1183,1 pm, c = 695,4 pm, β = 95,05°, Z = 2. K6[Fe2O5]: a = 691,21 pm, b = 1 142,78 pm, c = 665,50 pm, β = 93,82°, Z = 2. Zum ersten Male wird bei derartigen Ferraten eine deutlich gewinkelte Baueinheit [Fe2O5]6- beobachtet, wie sie analog bei Na6[Be2O5] vorliegt.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19926180112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Existenz polynärer Oxide der Alkalimetalle mit einwertigen Cobalt bzw. Nickel [1, 2] (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 923-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxides of monovalent Co and Ni ; structure ; MAPLE ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Existence of Polynary Oxides of the Alkali Metals with Monovalent Cobalt and NickelFor the first time we obtained RbNa2NiO2, KNa2NiO2, Na3CoO2 and K3CoO2 [RbNa2NiO2: Na2NiO2 + Rb2O, Rb:Ni = 1.8:1, 600°C, 28 d, Ni-tube; KNa2NiO2: Na2NiO2 + K2O, K:Ni = 1.8:1, 600°C, 20 d, Ni-tube; Na3CoO2: Na2O + CoO: Na:Co = 8.8:1, 500°C, 20 d, Co-tube; K3CoO2: K2O + CoO: K:Co = 4.4:1, 550°C, 20 d, Co-tube]. According to X-ray structure analysis of single crystals monovalent Co and Ni is present [always four-circle-diffractometer data, MoKα-radiation; RbNa2NiO2: AED 2, all 163 Io(hkl), R = 3.4%, Rw = 1.9%, I4/mmm, a = 461.7(1), c = 973.6(3) pm, Z = 2; KNa2NiO2: AED 2, all 341 Io(hkl), R = 5.6%, Rw = 3.5%, Cmma, a = 1 048.5(3), b = 626.8(1), c = 621.9(1) pm, Z = 4; Na3CoO2: PW 1 100, 517 of 568 Io(hkl), R = 2.9%, Rw = 1.8%, P42/mnm, a = 940.0, c = 464.5 pm, Z = 4; K3CoO2: PW 1 100, all 940 Io(hkl), R = 5.0%, Rw = 3.9%, Pnma, a = 1 190.0, b = 730.4, c = 604.1 pm, Z = 4]. All samples are red, the single crystals transparent. Two O2- coordinate Ni1+ and Co1+, respectively, like a dumb-bell. Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR, and Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN, and Madelung part of lattice energy, MAPLE, are given.
    Notes: Erstmals wurden RbNa2NiO2, KNa2NiO2, Na3CoO2 und K3CoO2 dargestellt [RbNa2NiO2: Na2NiO2 + Rb2O, Rb:Ni = 1,8:1, 600°C, 20 d, Nickelbombe; KNa2NiO2: Na2NiO2 + K2O, K:Ni = 1,8:1, 600°C, 20 d, Nickelbombe; Na3CoO2: Na2O + CoO, Na:Co = 8,8:1, 500°C, 20 d, Cobaltbombe; K3CoO2: K2O + CoO, K:Co = 4,4:1, 550°C, 20 d, Cobaltbombe]. Nach Einkristalldaten weisen Cobalt wie Nickel die Oxydationsstufe + 1 auf [jeweils Vierkreisdiffraktometer mit MoKα-Strahlung; RbNa2NiO2: AED 2, alle 163 Io(hkl), R = 3,4%, Rw = 1,9%, I4/mmm, a = 461,7(1), c = 973,6(3) pm, Z = 2; KNa2NiO2: AED 2, alle 341 Io(hkl), R = 5,6%, Rw = 3,5%, Cmma, a = 1 048,5(3), b = 626,8(1), c = 621,9(1) pm, Z = 4; Na3CoO2: PW 1 100, 517 aus 568 Io(hkl), R = 2,9%, Rw = 1,8%, P42/mnm, a = 940,0, c = 464,5 pm, Z = 4; K3CoO2: PW 1 100, alle 940 Io(hkl), R = 5,0%, Rw = 3,9%, Pnma, a = 1 190,0, b = 730,4, c = 604,1 pm, Z = 4].Alle Präparate sind rot, die Einkristalle transparent. Ni1+ bzw. Co1+ ist jeweils in Form einer Hantel von 2 O2- koordiniert. Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien (MEFIR) und Effektive Koordinationszahlen (ECoN), sowie der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie (MAPLE), werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19936190520
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