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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intake and health effects of thallium among a population living in the vicinity of a cement plant emitting thallium containing dust (1981)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 48 (1981), S. 375-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Thallium exposure ; Cement factories ; Biological monitoring ; Thallium levels in urine ; Thallium levels in hair ; Health effects of low-level chronic thallium exposure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In order to assess the degree of thallium exposure in a population living around a thallium emitting cement plant in a small city in North-West Germany thallium levels in 24 h urine samples of 1,265 subjects and in hair samples of 1,163 subjects were determined. Urinary thallium levels in two groups of subjects living in an urban and a rural area of West Germany were determined for reference. As compared to these subjects the population living around the cement plant exhibited obvious signs of increased thallium intake. The mean urinary thallium concentration was 2.6 μg/1 and ranged up to 76.5 pg/1. In contrast, the mean urinary thallium levels of the two reference groups were 0.2 and 0.4 μg/1, respectively. Hair thallium levels of the population living around the cement plant were also markedly increased (mean: 9.5 ng/g). The major route of the population's increased intake of thallium was found to be the consumption of vegetables and fruit grown in private gardens in the vicinity of the cement plant. As was shown by chemical analyses vegetables and fruit grown in these gardens were contaminated by thallium-containing atmospheric dust fall-out caused by emissions of the cement plant. The pulmonary route of uptake as well as other sources did not seem to play a significant role in the population's exposure to thallium. Polyneuritic symptoms, sleep disorders, headache, fatigue and other signs of psychasthenia were found to be the major health effects associated with increased thallium levels in urine and hair. No positive correlation was found between the thallium levels in hair and urine and the prevalence of skin alterations, hair-loss and gastro-intestinal dysfunctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378686
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropsychological studies in children with elevated tooth-lead concentrations (1983)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 51 (1983), S. 231-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Tooth-lead concentrations ; Blood-lead concentrations ; Children ; Intelligence ; Perceptual-motor integration ; Behavior ratings ; Sociohereditary background ; Multiple regression-analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results from neuropsychological tests, collected under double-blind-precautions, were evaluated for 115 schoolage children (mean age: 9.4 years) living in a lead smelter area (Stolberg, FRG). Tooth-lead concentrations (PbT) from shed incisor teeth as measures of longtime lead-exposure were available for these children (x = 6.16 ppm; range: 1.9–38.5 ppm), and for 83 of them blood-lead concentrations (PbB) were available as well (x = 14.3 μg/dl; range: 6.8-33.8 μg/dl). The following functional capacities were tested: intelligence (German WISC), perceptual-motor integration (Göttinger Formreproduktionstest = GFT, Diagnosticum for Cerebralschüdigung = DCS), reaction performance (Wiener Determinationsgerät), finger-wrist tapping-speed, and repetitive cancellation-performance (Differentieller Leistungstest). In addition standardized behavior ratings were obtained by the examiners, the mothers, and the teachers. Multiple stepwise regression-analysis (forced solution) was calculated for outcome-variables and Pb-tooth, including age, sex, duration of labor, and socio-hereditary background as covariates. Significant (P〈 0.05) or near-significant (P〈 0.1) association was established between Pb-tooth and GFT-performance (errors), reaction-performance (false reactions), and four behavioral dimensions as rated by the mothers, namely distractability, restlessness, lack of information, and wasting of time; the proportion of explained variance never exceeded 6%, however, No significant association was found between PbT and WISC verbal-IQ after the effects of “socio-hereditary background” had been eliminated, although there was still a tendency for high level-children (PbT 〉 10 ppm) to be inferior to low level-children (PbT ≦ 4 ppm) by 4.6 IQ-points after correction for confounding. There was a near-significant, inverse relationship between fingerwrist tapping-speed and Pb-blood. The results are discussed within the framework of attention-deficit disorder, and compared to neurobehavioral Pb-effects from animal-experiments, which provide suggestive evidence for a causal relationship between developmental lead-exposure and certain neurobehavioral deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377755
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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