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  • Chemistry  (24)
  • Glomerulus  (6)
  • Bemisia argentifolii  (3)
  • Muscle contraction  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and distribution of esterase electromorphs in the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 33 (1995), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Bemisia tabaci ; Bemisia argentifolii ; cotton whitefly ; squash silverleaf disorder ; sweetpotato whitefly ; tobacco whitefly ; virus vector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Esterase profiles were examined for over 40 populations of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci, obtained from native and cultivated plant hosts worldwide. Twelve unique electromorphs were identified from distinct populations concentrated largely in Central America, Africa, and India. One electromorph, type B, has recently been proposed as a separate species,Bemisia argentifolii, and has recently spread throughout much of the world. When considered with evidence from mating studies and the ability to induce phytotoxic disorders (squash silverleaf disorder), our data suggest that the single taxonBemisia tabaci may actually represent a species complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553619
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and distribution of esterase electromorphs in the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 33 (1995), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: Bemisia tabaci ; Bemisia argentifolii ; cotton whitefly ; squash silverleaf disorder ; sweetpotato whitefly ; tobacco whitefly ; virus vector
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Esterase profiles were examined for over 40 populations of the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci, obtained from native and cultivated plant hosts worldwide. Twelve unique electromorphs were identified from distinct populations concentrated largely in Central America, Africa, and India. One electromorph, type B, has recently been proposed as a separate species,Bemisia argentifolii, and has recently spread throughout much of the world. When considered with evidence from mating studies and the ability to induce phytotoxic disorders (squash silverleaf disorder), our data suggest that the single taxonBemisia tabaci may actually represent a species complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02401851
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular ultrastructure of the trout, Salmo gairdneri: Effects of angiotensin II and adaptation to seawater (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 249 (1987), S. 437-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Glomerulus ; Salmo gairdneri ; Seawater-adaptation ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of angiotensin infusion on the glomerular ultrastructure of freshwater- and seawater-adapted rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, has been examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Adaptation of trout to seawater resulted in epithelial podocyte flattening, primary process broadening and apparent loss of foot processes in almost all glomeruli, features which were uncommon in freshwater-adapted trout. Similar changes were induced by infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system plays a role in the modification of glomerular epithelial ultrastructure. Adaptation of trout to seawater also reduced glomerular diameter, but infusion of freshwater-adapted animals with angiotensin did not mirror this effect. Infusion of angiotensin into seawater-adapted animals increased the overall thickness of glomerular basement membrane by increasing the lamina rara interna and lamina densa. This did not occur when freshwater-adapted fish were either infused with angiotensin or adapted to seawater. These findings suggest that other humoral systems are involved in the control of glomerular diameter and basement membrane thickness as part of an integrated response to increased environmental salinity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215528
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular binding of angiotensin II in the rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 259 (1990), S. 479-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Kidney ; Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated glomeruli of the rainbow trout have been exposed in vitro to125I-angiotensin II (0.88 × 10−9 M) and binding sites located by light-microscopic autoradiography. These studies provide evidence of specific binding of angiotensin II by glomeruli. Binding was significantly inhibited by excess (10−5 M) unlabelled angiotensin II, but a high degree of non-specific binding also occurred. The mammalian competitive antagonist, saralasin (3 × 10−7 M) did not influence125I-angiotensin II binding to fish glomeruli. Intense binding of125I-angiotensin II was noted at the vascular pole of some glomeruli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01740774
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular bypass shunts and distribution of glomeruli in the kidney of the lesser spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus caniculus (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 299-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Renal vasculature ; Vascular casts ; Microcorrosion casts ; Glomerular bypass shunts ; Scyliorhinus caniculus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy of corroded resin casts of the renal vasculature of Scyliorhinus caniculus has revealed a novel vascular pathway arising from the afferent arteriole and bypassing the glomerulus. This glomerulus bypass shunt occurred in 36% of the glomerular casts examined. The shunt ran to join a peritubular network of capillaries and thereby offers the potential to vary the degree of glomerular perfusion and control the proportion of active glomeruli. In 29% of glomeruli two efferent arterioles drained the capillary knot. Glomeruli were located close to the dorsal margin of the posterior mass of the kidney, and towards the lateral edge of the anterior lobes of the kidney of female dogfish. In male dogfish, glomeruli were evenly distributed through the posterior mass of kidney, while in female dogfish 89% of glomeruli occurred in the posterior mass and 11% of glomeruli were located within the small anterior lobes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319621
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glomerular bypass shunts in the kidney of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (1988)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 253 (1988), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Renal circulation ; Vascular casts ; Microcorrosion casts ; Glomerular bypass shunts ; Myxine glutinosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The vascular pathways associated with the glomerulus of the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa have been studied by scanning electron microscopy of corroded resin casts of the vasculature. Although the overall pattern of the renal vasculature did not differ from earlier reports, a previously unreported vascular pathway which arose from the renal artery and bypassed the glomerular capillaries in 28% of glomeruli was clearly demonstrated. Glomerular bypass shunts either ran to join the loose capillary network around Bowman's capsule and thereby drain into the network of vessels associated with the mesonephric duct (ureter), or ran directly into the ureteral system of vessels and subsequently into the posterior cardinal veins. Glomerular bypass shunts which theoretically permit renal arterial blood to bypass the process of filtration may play a role in the regulation of body fluid volume.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222294
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct effects of angiotensin II on glomerular ultrastructure in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Glomerulus ; Angiotensin II ; Glomerular ultrastructure ; Seawater adaptation ; Salmo gairdneri (Teleostei)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Slices from the kidneys of the rainbow trout which were exposed to 10-6 or 10-5 M angiotensin II (AII) and isolated glomeruli exposed to 10-7 or 10-5 M AII showed ultrastructural changes compared to control tissues incubated without AII. The studies indicate that angiotensin II has a direct action on glomerular ultrastructure, flattening the epithelial podocytes and broadening the primary processes with fusion of pedicels in extreme cases. These changes suggest a probable effect of AII on water permeability of the trout glomerulus, an intrarenal action which is believed to form an essential part of the antidiuretic adaptation to increased environmental salinities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318634
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variation inBemisia endosymbionts (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 189 (1995), S. 194-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Bemisia tabaci ; Bemisia argentifolii ; Endosymbionts ; Microorganism ; Symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the endosymbionts of several populations of whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) was examined using transmission electron microscopy. Consistent differences in morphology and relative number of endosymbionts were observed between species and biotypes of whitefly within the Bemisia taxon.Bemisia argentifolii (=B. tabaci B biotype) individuals from Hawaii, Florida, and Arizona contained two morphological types of microorganisms housed within the mycetocyte cells of immature whiteflies. In contrast, individuals from populations ofB. tabaci A biotype from Arizona and Mexico, andB. tabaci Jatropha biotype from Puerto Rico, consistently contained three distinct morphological types of microorganisms within their mycetocytes. Organisms fromB. tabaci A and Jatropha biotypes differed from each other in the relative frequency of each type of microorganism. These observations suggest that different whitefly biotypes may have variable combinations of micro-fauna, with some possibly unique to each group, and furthers the hypothesis that variation in whitefly endosymbionts may be associated with the development of biotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280174
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of muscle activation dynamics on reaction time in the elderly (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 69 (1994), S. 344-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Aging ; Electromyography ; Reaction time ; Motor control ; Muscle contraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this investigation was to determine whether age-related changes in the dynamics of muscle activation were, in part, responsible for longer reaction times (RT) in the elderly. A group of 12 young (mean age, 20.6 years) and 12 elderly (mean age, 64.3 years) women performed a series of ballistic forearm supination movements in response to an auditory stimulus while using a simple reaction time test. Surface electromyographic waveforms from biceps brachii (agonist) and pronator teres (antagonist) muscles were recorded, together with the angle-time curves representing the motion of the forearm, on to an IBM compatible microcomputer. The results showed that an age-related increase (P〈0.05) in motor reaction time (MRT) contributed to longer RT in the elderly. In addition, the longer (P〈0.05) MRTs in the elderly were associated with a significantly slower rate (P〈0.05) of biceps brachii muscle activation and a significantly increased proportion (P〈0.05) of the initial biceps brachii muscle burst required to initiate the movement. This data suggested that an important part of the slowing of motor behaviour, commonly observed with increasing age, may be due to either decreases in the ability of aged skeletal muscle to rapidly generate tension or to a reduction in motor drive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392041
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition from slow to ballistic movement: development of triphasic electromyogram patterns (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 63 (1991), S. 381-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Motor control ; Electromyography ; Motor skill ; Triphasic electromyogram ; Muscle contraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this investigation was to determine how the triphasic electromyogram (EMG) pattern of muscle activation developed from the agonist muscle only pattern as movement time (t mov) decreased. Six adult women produced a series of 30° elbow extension movements in the horizontal plane at speeds ranging from ballistic (〈 400-ms t mov) to very slow (〉 800-ms t mov). Surface EMG from triceps brachii (agonist) and biceps brachii (antagonist) muscles were recorded, together with elbow angle, on a microcomputer. The results showed that triphasic EMG patterns developed systematically as t mov decreased from 1000 ms to 〈 200 ms. In trials with very long t mov, many elbow extension movements were produced by a single continuous activation of the agonist triceps brachii muscle. As t mov decreased however, agonist activation became predominantly burst-like and other components of the triphasic EMG pattern [activation of the antagonist (Ant) and second agonist activation (Ag2)] began to appear. At the fastest movement speeds, triphasic EMG patterns (Ag1-Ant-Ag2, Ag1 being first activation of agonist muscle) were always present. This data indicated that the triphasic pattern of muscle activation was not switched on when a particular t mov was achieved. Rather, each component systematically developed until all were present, as distinctive bursts of activity, in most trials with t mov less than 400 ms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364466
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