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  • Chemical Engineering  (17)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (7)
  • differentiation  (3)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell-type specificity of preconditioning in an in vitro model (1996)
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 91 (1996), S. 450-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Ischemic preconditioning ; rabbit ventricular myocytes ; HEK 293 cell line ; HIT-T15 cell line ; C2C12 cell line ; differentiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated whether preconditioning could protect several cultured cell lines, to determine whether the protection is specific for cells derived from different myogenic and non-myogenic sources. Ischemia was simulated by centrifugation of cells into a pellet, and cell viability was determined by hypotonic trypan blue solution. Preconditioning was produced by brief exposures to either glucose-free solution or metabolic inhibition. Freshly isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes were studied to confirm that preconditioning occurs in this model. We then compared these results to those in several cultured cell lines, including HEK 293 cells derived from human embryonic kidney, HIT-T15 cells from Syrian hamster pancreatic islets, and C2C12 cells from mouse skeletal muscle. In the latter cell line, we also determined whether differentiation alters preconditioning. Preconditioning protected rabbit ventricular myocytes: the percentage of dead cells was decreased from 36.8±4.7% in the control group to 23.0±5.2% in the preconditioned group after 60 min and from 50.7±2.1% in the control group to 25.5±4.5% in the preconditioned group after 120 min ischemia (p〈0.02). In contrast, there was no protection from preconditioning in HEK 293 cells or HIT-T15 cells. Preconditioning did not protect C2C12 myoblasts either. Interestingly, after C2C12 myoblasts had differentiated into myotubes (induced by exposing the cells to low-serum medium), they could then be protected by preconditioning (46.3±3.6% in the control group vs 26.0±2.7% in the preconditioned group after 60 min and 67.4±3.6% in the control group vs 46.0±4.6% in the preconditioned group after 120 min ischemia; p〈0.05). In conclusion, protection from preconditioning is cell-type specific. The presence of endogenous KATP channels (which are plentiful in HIT-T15 cells) is insufficient to enable preconditioning of the cell. Among the various cell types studied, only differentiated muscle cells (rabbit ventricular myocytes and C2C12 myotubes) exhibited preconditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00788726
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optical properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 1148-1155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The optical properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate resin as described by the complex index of refraction, N = n - ik, are derived by Kramers-Kronig analysis of experimental absorption and reflectance data obtained in the range 40μm ≥ λ ≥ 105 nm. Electronic absorption processes in polycarbonate are characterized by two broad absorption peaks centered at ∼200 and ∼100 nm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760271507
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optical properties of a polyetherimide (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 1574-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The optical properties of polyetherimide resin as described by the complex index of refraction, N = n - ik, are derived by Kramers-Kronig analysis of experimental absorption and reflectance data obtained in the range 40 μm ≥ λ ≥105 nm. Potential uses of this polymer as a printed circuit board material and as a packaging medium for microelectronic circuitry and the relevance of optical data in laser-assisted processing schemes used in these and other applications are briefly discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760292205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ methane enrichment in anaerobic digestion (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 73-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A major cost consideration in the use of anaerobic digestion to convert biomass and waste to utility-grade gas is the expense of separating CO2 from the product gas. Anaerobic digestion has a number of inherent properties that can be exploited to increase the methane content of the gas directly produced by the digester, the most important of which is the high solubility of CO2(40-60 times that of methane) in water under digestion conditions. The methane enrichment concept examined in this study involved the recirculation of a liquid stream from the digester through a CO2 desorption process and the return of the liquid stream back to the digester for absorption of additional CO2 produced by the conversion of organic materials. A steady-state equilibrium model predicted that a digester gas methane content exceeding 94% could be achieved with this scheme using modest recirculation rates provided a desorption process could be designed to achieve a 60+% CO2 removal efficiency in the degassing of the liquid recycle stream. Using fixed-film laboratory digesters operated on synthetic feedstocks, the technique of methane enrichment was tested under pressurized and unpressurized conditions. A 93 + 2% methane gas stream was produced from a volatile-acid-fed bench-scale digester simulating the methanogenic stage of two-phase digestion under conditions of (1) a pH swing achieved without caustic addition that allowed digestion at pH 7. 5 and air stripping at pH 6. 5-7. 0, (2) digester pressurization to 30 psig, and (3) a recycle rate of 0. 33 L/L reactor/day. Significant but lower levels of methane enrichment were achieved with the single-stage digester at the low experimental recycle rate. However, the narrow range among all experiments of CO2 desorption efficiencies achieved in air stripping the recycle stream (35-60% CO2 removal) suggests that comparable methane enrichment-may be achieved with unpressurized single-stage digestion using greater recycle rates. A materials balance analysis of data from an unpressurized, single-stage digester employing no chemical addition and using laboratory degassing efficiencies indicated that 94% methane could be produced at recycle rates of less than 1. 4 L/L reactor/day with a methane loss of less than 2%.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350111
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enthalpy change on vaporization of aqueous and methanolic formaldehyde solutions (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1693-1702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A physicochemical model for vapor-liquid equilibrium in multicomponent formaldehyde-containing mixtures (Maurer, 1986; Hasse et al., 1990; Hasse and Maurer, 1991a). is extended to describe enthalpy changes upon vaporization. Predicted enthalpy changes are compared with new experimental results. The measurements were carried out with a thin-film evaporator flow-calorimeter (Liu and Maurer, 1991). More than 80 experimental data points for mixtures of formaldehyde + water and formaldehyde + methanol + (small amounts of water) are reported. The data cover the temperature range from 323 to 363 K (formaldehyde + water) and 312 to 347 K (formaldehyde + methanol) at liquid phase formaldehyde mole fractions up to about 0.3 (formaldehyde + water) and 0.6 (formaldehyde + methanol). Comparisons between predicted and experimental results for the enthalpy change reveal deviations of only a few percent. Further improvements are achieved by fitting some model parameters, which originally were estimated from noncalorimetric data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690381103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the crystal size intensity function and interpreting population density data from crystallizers (1973)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1254-1257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690190628
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis II. Optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertainty (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of the optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertain parameters is introduced. A structure parameter approach is used to theoretically derive the necessary condition for the optimal performance system structure, and an effective algorithm for implementing the synthesis method is presented. The results are applied to the optimal synthesis of a reactor-separator system for the dynamic start-up of two reaction systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220318
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in magnetochemical engineering. Part II: Theoretical development of a practical model for high-gradient magnetic separation (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 771-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) is an existing commercial technology which promises to be an effective means for the large-scale separation of both weakly magnetic and practically nonmagnetic, micron-sized particles. It utilizes the strong magnetic forces created typically by placing filamentary ferromagnetic packing materials inside a separator matrix magnetized by a uniform background magnetic field. In this paper, a practical mathematical model for HGMS is developed for quantitatively predicting the grade and recovery of the separated product and the capacity (concentration breakthrough) of the separator. Computer implementation and experimental verification of the new model for HGMS applied to pilot-scale coal beneficiation are described in Part III.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290510
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis: Part V: A simple heuristic method for systematic synthesis of initial sequences for multicomponent separations (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 29 (1983), S. 926-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple heuristic method for the systematic synthesis of initial sequences for multicomponent separations is proposed and applied to a number of synthesis problems which have been solved previously using other methods. Based on reported costs, it is shown that the initial sequences synthesized for the test problems by the new heuristic method are cheaper than those obtained by other ordered heuristic methods. These initial sequences are also either identical to or at most a few percents higher in costs than those optimum sequences obtained by other algorithmic, heuristic-algorithmic and heuristic-evolutionary methods. The new method is straightforward to apply by hand and it does not require any mathematical background and computational skill from the user.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690290609
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis part VII: Systematic synthesis of multipass heat exchanger networks (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 487-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310318
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