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  • General Chemistry  (35)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (18)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (15)
  • gene expression  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization, inheritance and expression of acetohydroxyacid synthase genes in the cotton allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: acetohydroxyacid synthase ; gene organization ; gene expression ; herbicide resistance ; cotton ; Gossypium hirsutum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene family of the cotton AD allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum has been cloned and characterized. We have identified six different AHAS genes from an analysis of genomic clones and Southern blots of genomic DNA. Four of the six genes are organized as tandem pairs, in which the genes are separated by only 2–3 kb. Conservation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms between G. hirsutum and A-genome and D-genome-containing diploid cottons was sufficient to assign the single genes in clones A5 and A19 to the A and D subgenomes, respectively. Each diploid genome has one tandem pair, but in these cases we could not make specific subgenomic assignments. DNA and deduced amino acid sequences were determined for the A5 and A19 genes, and an AHAS cDNA clone isolated from a leaflibrary. The sequence of the A19 gene matches that of the cDNA clone, while the A5 gene is 97.8% similar. The four genes comprising the tandem pairs are much less similar to the cDNA clone. The deduced amino acid sequences of the mature polypeptides encoded by the A5 and A19 genes are collinear with the housekeeping forms of AHAS from Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum and Brassica napus. The constitutive expression of A5 and A19 was confirmed with RNase protection assays and northern blots. We conclude that these genes encode the main house-keeping froms of AHAS in G. hirsutum. Among the four AHAS genes comprising the two tandem pairs, at least two are functional. These genes exhibit either low-level constitutive expression (one or both of the ‘downstream’ genes of each pair), or highly specific expression in reproductive tissue (one or both of the ‘upstream’ genes of each pair). The AHAS gene family of G. hirsutum is more complex than that of other plants so far examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042069
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and expression of the maize gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 579-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: C4 photosynthesis ; gene structure ; gene expression ; genetic variation ; silent substitution ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have determined the structure of the maize (Zea mays L. subsp.mays line B73) nuclear gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis. The gene is 5.3 kb long and has ten exons that range in size from 85 to 999 bp. The nine introns vary from 97 to 872 bp. The sequence of 663 bp of 5′-flanking and 205 bp of 3′-flanking DNA is reported along with the entire gene sequence. Several short repetitive sequences were found in the 5′-flanking DNA that have characteristics similar to elements important in the light regulation of pea genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. In addition, some 5′-flanking sequence similarities were found in a comparison with other light-regulated genes from maize and wheat. The level of DNA sequence variation among different PEP carboxylase alleles is similar to the allelic variation observed for several other maize nuclear genes. The data suggest modern maize variaties have retained much of the genetic variation present in their ancestral forms. Finally, accumulation of transcripts encoding the PEP carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis is quite high in several structures besides leaves, including inner leaf sheaths, tassels and husks. This indicates that expression of this gene is not leaf-specific and may not necessarily be coupled to the development of Kranz anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036971
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and expression of U1snRNA genes from potato (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 959-971 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; gene variants ; pre-mRNA splicing ; pseudogenes ; U1 small nuclear RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract U1 small nuclear RNAs (U1snRNAs) occur in the nucleus of plants and animals where, complexed with several proteins in the form of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (U1snRNPs), they play an important role in precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. Ten potato U1snRNA genes have been isolated on two genomic clones illustrating the clustering of this multigene family on the potato genome. Based on both the sequence of their coding regions and upstream regulatory elements, seven of the genes are potentially functional. The other three genes were pseudogenes with defective promoter or coding region sequences. Analysis of expression of individual cloned U1snRNA genes in transfected tobacco protoplasts was impossible due to the similarity of U1snRNA sequences in tobacco. However, by marking the coding regions with oligonucleotides or constructing chimaeric genes consisting of a potato U1snRNA promoter region and maize U5snRNA coding region, three of the U1 promoter regions were shown to be transcriptionally active.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040528
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and expression of Metallothionein-like genes in cotton (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 701-705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cotton ; gene expression ; Gossypium hirsutum ; metallothionein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genes encoding type 1 metallothionein-like proteins that are highly expressed in roots. Little or no expression of these genes was detected in other organs and tissues. The deduced amino acid sequences have a high degree of similarity with type 1 metallothionein-like proteins from other plants, including a central hydrophobic domain flanked by conserved cysteine-rich motifs. The type 1 metallothionein-like genes of cotton are encoded by a small gene family. One gene (MT1-A) was analyzed in detail and found to have three exons which are 52, 83 and 397 bp long, and two introns 130 and 1042 bp in length. Three of the type 1 metallothionein-like genes are organized in a tandom array, and the 5′-flanking regions of these genes share a high degree of sequence similarity. Two of the clustered genes (MT1-A andMT1-B) are expressed at about equal levels in roots and use the same transcription start site. A 640 bp promoter fragment from theMT1-A gene was sufficient to direct expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in transformed cotton roots. The expression was highest near the root tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00042243
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and expression of chitinase and 1,3-β-glucanase genes in cotton (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 911-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chitinase ; cotton ; gene expression ; 1,3-β-glucanase ; Gossypium hirsutum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have isolated cDNA clones representing mRNAs encoding chitinase and 1,3-β-glucanase in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves. The chitinase clones were sequenced and found to encode a 28,806 Da protein with 71% amino acid sequence similarity to the SK2 chitinase from potato (Solanum tuberosum). The 1,3-β-glucanase clones encoded a 37,645 Da protein with 57.6% identity to a 1,3-β-glucanase from soybean (Glycine max). Northern blot analyses showed that chitinase mRNA is induced in plants treated with ethaphon or salicylic acid, whereas the levels of 1,3-β-glucanase mRNA are relatively unaffected. Southern blots of cotton genomic DNA and genomic clones indicated chitinase is encoded by a small gene family of which two members, Chi 2;1 and Chi 2;2, were characterized. These genes share 97% sequence identity in their transcribed regions. The genes were found to have three exons which are 309, 154 and 550 bp long, and two introns 99 and 154 bp in length. The 5′-flanking regions of Chi 2;1 and Chi 2;2 exhibit a large degree of similarity and may contain sequences important for gene response to chemical agents and fungal attack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019478
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hexose transporters of tomato: molecular cloning, expression analysis and functional characterization (2000)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 44 (2000), S. 687-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; heterologous expression ; H+/hexose symporter ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; quantitative PCR ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length (LeHT2) and two partial (LeHT1 and LeHT3) cDNA clones, encoding hexose transporters, were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit and flower cDNA libraries. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of a gene family of hexose transporters in tomato consisting of at least three members. The full-length cDNA (LeHT2) encodes a protein of 523 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 57.6 kDa. The predicted protein has 12 putative membrane-spanning domains and belongs to the Major Facilitator Superfamily of membrane carriers. The three clones encode polypeptides that are homologous to other plant monosaccharide transporters and contain conserved amino acid motifs characteristic of this superfamily. Expression of the three genes in different organs of tomato was investigated by quantitative PCR. LeHT1 and LeHT3 are expressed predominantly in sink tissues, with both genes showing highest expression in young fruit and root tips. LeHT2 is expressed at relatively high levels in source leaves and certain sink tissues such as flowers. LeHT2 was functionally expressed in a hexose transport-deficient mutant (RE700A) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. LeHT2-dependent transport of glucose in RE700A exhibited properties consistent with the operation of an energy-coupled transporter and probably a H+/hexose symporter. The K m of the symporter for glucose is 45 μM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026578506625
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pteridine, XXXIII. Synthese und Struktur 8-substituierter Lumazine (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 99 (1966), S. 3503-3523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Verschiedene N-8-substituierte Lumazine werden synthetisch erhalten und durch ihre pK-Werte und UV-Absorptionsspektren charakterisiert. Die Neutralmoleküle und Monokationen zeigen übereinstimmende Strukturen, wogegen im alkalischen pH-Bereich unter normalen Bedingungen wenig übereinstimmende physikalische Daten erhalten werden. Kovalente Hydratation an das konjugierte System in 1.7-Stellung führt zu Gleichgewichtsgemischen verschiedener Molekülformen. Zur Klärung der Verhältnisse werden mit Hilfe einer Schnell-bestimmungsmethode die wahren pK-Werte und UV-Spektren der zum Teil instabilen Molekülformen bestimmt. Durch kinetische Messungen am 6.7.8-Trimethyl-lumazin (16) wird gezeigt, daß sich bei 6.7-Dimethyl-8-alkyl-lumazinen an die Wasseraddition noch eine reversible Ringöffnung des Pyrazinringes anschließt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19660991117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and structure of Cp3U=CHPMe3: A compound with a U=C multiple bond (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 417-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Struktur von Cp3U=CHPMe3: Eine Verbindung mit U=C-MehrfachbindungGrünes, kristallines Cp3U=CHPMe3 wurde durch Umsetzung von Cp3UCl mit Li[CH2]2PMe2 oder H2C=PMe3 dargestellt. Seine Kristallstruktur wurde durch Röntgenbeugungsanalyse an Einkristallen bestimmt. Der kurze U=CH-Abstand von 2.274(8) Å und der große Winkel U—C—P von 143.5(5)° deuten Uran-Kohlenstoff-Mehrfachbindungscharakter an. Die 1J (13C1H)-Kopplungskonstanten in den CH-Gruppen zwischen Uran und Phosphor von Cp3U=CHPMe3 (95 Hz), Cp3U=CHPMe2Ph (100 Hz) und Cp3U=CHPPh2Me (113 Hz) sind auffallend klein. Den Strukturdaten kann aber keine agostische UCHP-Wechselwirkung entnommen werden.
    Notes: Green, crystalline Cp3U=CHPMe3 has been synthesized by the reaction of Cp3UCl with Li[CH2]2PMe2 or CH2=PMe3. Its crystal structure has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The short U=CH bond distance, 2.274(8) Å, and large U—C—P angle, 143.5(5)°, indicate uranium-carbon multiple bond character. The 1J(13C1H) coupling constants within the CH group between uranium and phosphorus in Cp3U=CHPPh2Me (95 Hz), Cp3U=CHPMe2Ph (100 Hz), and Cp3U=CHPPh2Me (113 Hz) are surprisingly small, but no agostic interaction UCHP can be derived from the structural data.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19881210306
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supermolecules Containing a Tetrahedral Core: A New Class of Liquid-Crystalline Siloxanes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 129 (1996), S. 521-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Siloxanes ; Phase behaviors ; Defined topology ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown that supermolecules with a tetrahedral symmetry and appropriate side-chains exhibit liquid-crystalline phase behaviour. The use of an optimised hydrosylation reaction allows for the synthesis of materials that have four mesogenic groups attached to a siloxane core, where the conformation and the configuration are unambiguous. The materials show low glass transition temperatures and, depending on the spacer length, complex liquid-crystalline morphologies.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19961290508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lösliche Lanthanid-alkoxide mit niedrigen Koordinationszahlen am Metall-Atom (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1163-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lanthanide alkoxides ; Tritox ligand ; Neodymium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Soluble Lanthanide Alkoxides with Low Coordination Numbers at the Metal AtomNd[N(SiMe3)2]3(thf)2 (1) reacts with tBu3COH (2) to give the monomeric lanthanide alkoxide (tritox)3Nd(thf) (3). The chloro-bridged dimer [(tritox)2Nd(μ-Cl)thf]2 (6) is obtained by treatment of NdCl3(thf)2 (4) with LiOCtBu3 (5). The structure of 6 has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240530
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